Riba:
- Ƙarfin gano ƙimar da suka ɓace, ƙetare, fallasa da matsalolin ingancin bayanai a cikin manufofi da lalata bayanai tare da tallafin bayanan sirri da samar da daftarin gyara
- Injiniyan fasali (sabon samuwar mai canzawa, tarawa, ƙididdigewa) da daidaita al'ada ga hankali na wucin gadi tare da mahallin da ya dace.
- Fahimtar cewa sauye-sauyen bayanan da aka ba da shawarar ta hanyar hankali na wucin gadi ya kamata a duba su ta hanyar mai aiki a kan haɗarin zubewar bayanai da ɓoyayyiyar son zuciya.
Mafi qarancin magana amma mafi yawan cin lokaci na aikin aiki shine shirya bayanai. ƙwararrun ƴan wasan kwaikwayo sun san cewa mafi yawan lokutan aikin ƙirar ƙira ana kashe su tsaftacewa, haɗawa, da gyara bayanai. Komai kyawun ƙirar, idan bayanan shigar da bayanai sun lalace, abin da aka fitar ya lalace—a takaice, “sharar cikin, datti.” A cikin wannan rukunin, za mu ga matsaloli na yau da kullun na manufofi da bayanan da'awar, yadda za a gano da gyara su tare da AI, da kuma aikin injiniyan fasalin (sababbin masu canji waɗanda ke da ƙarin bayani daga bayanan da ke akwai).
Gargadi daga farkon: shirye-shiryen bayanai mataki ne na fasaha da rashin laifi, amma wannan shine inda kurakurai mafi haɗari ke ɓoye. Daidaita fallasa ba daidai ba, ɓoyayyun bayanai, ko ƙaddamar da son rai ba da gangan ba yana lalata duk samfuran da suka biyo baya. AI yana haɓaka wannan matakin sosai, amma idan ba a sarrafa shi ba, yana haɓaka haɗarin.
Matsalolin al'ada na bayanan aiki
Manufofi da bayanan da'awar kusan ba su isa tsabta ba. Matsalolin da aka fi sani sune: Rasa ƙima: wasu manufofin ba su da shekarun abin hawa, sana'a ko yanki. Makantar cika waɗannan tare da matsakaita na iya haifar da son zuciya; rashi kansa wani lokaci yana ɗaukar bayanai (bacewar rukuni ne daban). Outliers: bayanai marasa ma'ana kamar ƙimar kuɗi mara kyau, inshora mai shekaru 200, manufar fallasa sifili. Dole ne a bambanta ko waɗannan kurakuran bayanai ne ko lokuta na gaske. Rashin daidaituwa: haruffa daban-daban na yanki ɗaya ("Istanbul", "Istanbul", "34"), rudani tsarin kwanan wata. Kwafin shigarwar: shigar da lalacewa iri ɗaya sau biyu.
Amma mafi mahimmancin al'amari musamman ga actuarial shine fallasa. Idan manufar ta fara tsakiyar shekara, tana ba da fallasa ɓarna (misali shekaru 0.5) na waccan shekarar, ba cikakkiyar “shekarar siyasa ba.” Ya kamata a daidaita yawan mita da lalacewa koyaushe zuwa ga fallasa; in ba haka ba manufofin gajeren lokaci suna bayyana babban haɗari. AI na iya ƙididdige lissafin fallasa, amma dole ne ku samar da ma'anar da tsarin kasuwanci.
Teburin mai zuwa yana taƙaita matsalolin al'ada da madaidaicin hanya:
matsala
hanya mara kyau
daidai tsarin
batan darajar
Cika duka tare da matsakaita
Yi nazarin rashi; wani lokacin buɗe wani nau'i daban
m
Share ta atomatik
Bambance tsakanin kuskuren bayanai da ainihin gubar
fallasa
Kirga duk manufofin don shekara 1
Kididdigar ficewar juzu'i
Rashin daidaiton rukuni
watsi
Daidaita da daidaitaccen ƙamus
lalacewa mai maimaitawa
kar a lura
Kwafi tare da filayen maɓalli
Fasahar injiniya: samun ilimi daga bayanai
Injiniyan fasalulluka shine fasaha na samun sabbin masu canji waɗanda suka fi amfani ga ƙirar daga ɗanyen masu canji. Misalai: "shekaru" daga ranar haihuwa, "ƙungiyar shekaru" (binning) daga shekaru, "bangaren haɗari" daga ƙirar abin hawa, "kimanin nisan miloli na shekara" daga haɗin adireshi-manufofin. Kyakkyawan fasalin yana ɗaukar sigina mafi ƙarfi fiye da bayanan ɗanyen bayanai kuma yana ƙaruwa duka daidaito da fassarar ƙirar.
Ana yawan amfani da dabaru guda uku a aikin zahiri. Daure: raba ci gaba mai canzawa (shekaru) zuwa kungiyoyi masu ma'ana; wannan yana ɗaukar alaƙar da ba ta kai tsaye ba kuma tana sanya jadawalin kuɗin fito abin karantawa. Rufewa: jujjuya masu canji (yanki) zuwa sigar ƙididdiga wacce ta dace da ƙirar; Ƙididdigar tushen haɗari (wakiltar kowane nau'i tare da ƙimar lalacewarsa) abu ne na kowa amma ya kamata a yi tare da taka tsantsan. Daidaitawa: yin duk abin da aka kwatanta ta hanyar rarraba shi ta hanyar bayyanarsa. AI da sauri ya haifar da lambar don waɗannan canje-canje; Amma dole ne ku yarda da dabaru na kowane canji.
Tukwici: Rufe maƙasudi yana da ƙarfi amma yana da haɗari ga ɗigon bayanai: ƙirar “mai cuta” idan kun haɗa da lalacewa ta jere yayin ƙididdige matsakaicin lalacewar rukuni. Yi wannan ko da yaushe a cikin bayanan horo, a cikin tsarin tabbatarwa.
Haɗari mafi banƙyama: ƙwanƙwasa bayanai da son zuciya
Zubar da bayanai shine shigar da bayanai a cikin ƙirar da babu ainihin wanzuwa a lokacin tsinkaya. Misali na gargajiya: gabatar da maɓalli mai ɗauke da sakamako, kamar "ƙirar da aka biya," a cikin ƙirar da ke hasashen adadin da'awar. Samfurin ya yi kama da cikakke a bayanan gwaji amma ba shi da amfani a duniyar gaske saboda ba a samun wannan bayanin a lokacin tsinkaya. Ana ɓoye ɓoyayyiyar leka sau da yawa kuma kawai ana kama shi ta hanyar hankali na zahiri - AI yawanci ba ya lura, wani lokacin ma yana yaba madaidaicin leaky a matsayin "masanin tsinkaya mai ƙarfi."
Haɗari na biyu na ɓarna shine son zuciya a fakaice. Idan bayanan tarihi ba bisa ka'ida ba suna wakiltar wata ƙungiya ta musamman (misali, yanki an hana shi manufofin da yawa a tarihi), fasalulluka waɗanda aka samo daga waccan bayanan suna ɗaukar wannan ra'ayi kuma samfurin yana maimaita shi zuwa gaba. Yanayin aikin injiniyan fasalin shine lokacin mafi mahimmanci lokacin da za'a iya gane wannan son zuciya da gyara.
Tsanaki: Kafin ka yi farin ciki lokacin da ma'auni "ya inganta ikon tsinkaya sosai," tambaya: shin wannan canjin yana nan a lokacin tsinkaya, ko kuma ya ƙunshi gaba? Sakamakon da yayi kyau sosai sau da yawa alama ce ta zubewa.
Yadda ake amfani da AI wajen shirya bayanai
1) Binciken ingancin bayanai:
Matsayinku: Mataimakin ingancin bayanai. Kuna da ƙimar manufofin gaskiya. Rukunin: policy_id, start_date, ƙarshen_date, shekaru, yanki, abin hawa_age, premium, da'awar_count, da'awar_amount.Ba ni jerin abubuwan dubawa da zanen lambar Python (pandas): - ƙidaya ƙimar da ba ta dace ba ta shafi. farawa/ƙarshe.KADA KA share; Kawai kawo rahoto don in yanke hukunci.
2) Samuwar fasali:
Ina so in samo sabbin abubuwa daga bayanan zirga-zirga na. Akwai: shekaru, abin hawa_age, yanki, annual_km, usage_type.- Wane shekaru da kungiyoyin km (binning) kuke ba da shawarar, me yasa? - Ta yaya zan iya yin coding na tushen haɗari don 'yankin' ba tare da ɗigon bayanai ba? - Ba da shawara 3 sabbin fasalulluka waɗanda suka cancanci gwadawa da rubuta hujja ta zahiri ga kowane. Zan yanke shawara.
3) Binciken leken asiri:
Samfurina yana hasashen YIWU na lalacewa tare da masu canji masu zuwa: shekaru, yanki, abin hawa, PAID_CLAIM_FLAG, SETTLEMENT_DAYS. Wanne daga cikin waɗannan masu canji ne ke haifar da haɗarin yaɗuwar bayanai? Ga kowane, kimanta ko zai kasance a lokacin hasashen. A lissafta wadanda ake tuhuma kuma me yasa.
4) Daidaita fallasa:
Wasu manufofina suna farawa tsakiyar shekara. Yi bayani da ƙididdige daidaitawar bayyanarwa don ƙididdige mitar daidai: mitar = jimlar da'awar_count / jimlar bayyanar (shekara-shekara). Nuna tare da misali yadda ake lissafin fallasa manufofin da ke farawa a tsakiyar shekara.
Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
Rawanin faɗakarwa:
Tsaftace bayanan kuma shirya shi don samfurin.
AI bai san wane shafi yake ba, dokokin kasuwanci, ma'anar bayyanarwa; Yana iya makantar sharewa da cikawa da lalata bayanan.
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:
Matsayinku: actuarial data preparation assistant.Data ƙamus: policy_id (bayani), farawa / ƙarshen_date (lokacin manufofin), shekaru (wanda ake tsammani 16-90), ƙimar kuɗi (dole ne> 0), da'awar_count (> = 0), da'awar_amount (> = 0) .Aiki: 1) Rubuta ƙa'idodin fallasa ga kowane shafi da RAHOTO (Bayyanawa) 3 dabaru daban-daban don cin zarafi.2. 'shekarun' (share). / matsakaici / raba nau'in) ba tare da ƙari-raguwa; Ka bar mani yanke shawara.4) Gargaɗi idan akwai ginshiƙi wanda zai iya haifar da haɗarin ɗigo. Share kowane rikodin ta atomatik; Zan amince da kowace shawara.
uku mini lokuta
Case 1 - Kuskuren fallasa. A cikin fayil ɗaya, an ƙidaya manufofin tafiye-tafiye na gajeren lokaci (watanni 3) a matsayin cikakkun shekaru, don haka mitar ya bayyana sau huɗu ƙasa da yadda yake a zahiri; Farashin ya fadi ba daidai ba. Lokacin da actuary ya ƙididdige bayyanawa azaman juzu'i (shekara-shekara 0.25), an bayyana ainihin mitar kuma an gyara jadawalin kuɗin fito. AI ya haifar da lambar fallasa juzu'i; Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya ba da ma'anar.
Case 2 - Latent leak. Lokacin da mataimaki ya ƙara "lokacin rufe fayil" zuwa ƙirar yuwuwar lalacewa, daidaito ya ƙaru sosai. Abin farin ciki bai daɗe ba: ana iya sanin wannan canji ne kawai bayan lalacewa ta faru, ma'ana ba a samuwa a lokacin tsinkaya. Lokacin da aka cire madaidaicin leaky, ƙirar ta ragu zuwa matakin gaske. Ya yaba da mai canzawa na AI a matsayin "mai hangen nesa mai ƙarfi"; Hukuncin wasan kwaikwayo ya kama tarko.
Harka 3 - Maimaita son zuciya. Ɗayan kamfani ya samo tsarin "ƙin yarda da aikace-aikacen" daga bayanan tarihi kuma ya sanya shi cikin sabon samfurin. Binciken ya nuna cewa ƙin yarda da aka yi a baya an tattara su ba daidai ba a wata unguwa, ma'ana akwai son zuciya na tarihi. An cire wannan fasalin daga samfurin kuma an maye gurbin shi tare da ƙarin alamun haɗari na tsaka tsaki. AI ta samar da binciken da ke auna ma'aunin tsarin tare da unguwa; Ma'aikata da sashin yarda sun yanke shawarar da'a.
Kuskuren gama gari
- Cika abubuwan da suka ɓace tare da ma'ana ba tare da tunani ba. Rashin kansa yana iya zama ilimi; Cika shi a makance yana haifar da son zuciya.
- Share abubuwan waje ta atomatik. Wasu lokuta na gaskiya ne; Share bayanai ba tare da raba shi da kurakurai yana lalata bayanai ba.
- Ba al'ada ba fallasa. Ƙididdiga ƙayyadaddun manufofi a matsayin cikakkun shekaru yana karkatar da mitar kuma yana karkatar da farashi.
- Ba a lura da kwararar bayanai ba. Kyakkyawan sakamako sau da yawa alama ce ta wani canji wanda ya shafi gaba; Yi tambaya ko kowane maɓalli yana nan a lokacin tsinkaya.
- Kawo son zuciya a fakaice a nan gaba. Zalunci a cikin bayanan tarihi na iya shiga cikin abubuwan da aka samu; Duba shi a matakin fasalin.
A takaice
Samfuran zahiri sun fi mayar da hankali kan shirya bayanai; Idan shigarwar ta lalace, abin da ake fitarwa shima ya lalace. Matsaloli na yau da kullun sune ɓataccen ƙima, abubuwan da ba su dace ba, rashin daidaituwa, da kwafi; Mahimman al'amari na zahiri shine daidaitawar fallasa. Injiniyan fasali - haɗawa, ƙididdigewa, daidaitawa - yana samun sigina masu ƙarfi daga bayanai. Hatsarin da ya fi karkata shine zubewar bayanai da son zuciya a fakaice; Dukansu an kama su ne kawai ta hanyar tunani na zahiri. AI yana haɓaka wannan matakin sosai: dubawa yana haifar da lamba da shawarwari. Amma kar a share kowane bayanan kai tsaye, bari mutane su bincika yatsuniya da son zuciya, kuma su amince da kowane juyi.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Shirya ƙamus ɗin bayanan manufofin ƙamus (ginshiƙai 5-7, madaidaicin kewayon kowane). Tambayi AI don (a) ƙa'idar dacewa da lambar rahoton keta ga kowane ginshiƙi, (b) ƙididdige faɗuwar juzu'i, (c) shawarwari don sabbin abubuwa 3 don gwadawa. Sa'an nan ƙara da gangan "leak tarkon" m zuwa jerin (misali "biya biya") da kuma gwada ko AI ta kama shi a matsayin zube.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] Na yi nazarin dalilin da ya sa kafin share bacewar da abubuwan da suka wuce?
- [ ] Na rabu da daidaita bayyanarwa daidai?
- [ ] Shin na rubuta hujja ta zahiri don kowane sabon fasalin da aka samu?
- [ ] Shin na yi tambaya ko kowane ma'auni yana nan a zahiri (leakage) a lokacin tsinkaya?
- [ ] Na duba don nuna son kai a cikin abubuwan da aka samo?
- [ ] Shin, ba ni da AI ta atomatik share kowane rikodin kuma na amince da kowane yanke shawara da kaina?