Nkeji 4 / 12

Ọrụ data gbasara oghere na QGIS na Python

Uru:

  • Ikike iji AI na koodu na ọgbọ na-arụ ọrụ maka nhazi data gbasara oghere na QGIS na Python (ọbá akwụkwọ dị ka GeoPandas)
  • Ikike iji nwalee koodu oghere nke AI mepụtara na obere ihe nlele data wee nyochaa ya megide sistemu nhazi na njehie geometry.
  • Ikike ịghọta nzuzo nzuzo data na mkpa iji lelee edemede nke AI mepụtara tupu ya agbaa ya na data ọrụ n'ezie.

Ọrụ oghere ugboro ugboro na ngalaba nhazi (ibelata akwa akwa, ịse ihe nchekwa, ịgbakọ mpaghara, ijikọta tebụl) na-ewe awa wee mepụta njehie mgbe ejiri aka mee ya. Enwere ngwaọrụ abụọ dị ike, nke efu na nke mepere emepe na-arụ ọrụ ndị a: QGIS (ngwaọrụ GIS desktọọpụ) na Python (asụsụ mmemme nwere ọba akwụkwọ maka data gbasara oghere dị ka GeoPandas, Shapely, Rasterio). AI dị oke ngwa ngwa na ịmepụta koodu na usoro ọrụ maka ngwaọrụ ndị a: ọ na-edepụta edemede na-arụ ọrụ site na arịrịọ otu ahịrịokwu. Mana AI na-ede koodu na echiche ị na-enweghị ike ịhụ - sistemụ nhazi na-ezighi ezi, otu na-ezighi ezi, ọrụ na-ehichapụ ihe ndị na-adịghị mma. Ya mere, a ga-agụrịrị ma nwalee koodu oghere ọ bụla AI na-emepụta na obere nlele tupu etinye ya na ezigbo data ọrụ. Nkeji a na-akụziri akpaaka oghere na AI, ọbụlagodi na ịmaghị ka esi ede koodu.

Kedu ihe kpatara QGIS na Python

QGIS na-ahapụ gị nyochaa site na ịpị; Ọ dị mfe ịmụta na gụnye Python console. Python, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-enye gị ohere ide ọrụ ugboro ugboro ma mee ya na narị faịlụ. GeoPandas bụ ọbá akwụkwọ kachasị dị irè maka ndị na-eme atụmatụ, na-ejikọta data tabular (pandas) na ọdịdị ala: na-agụ ọkwa, nzacha, na-ese ihe nchekwa, na-agbakọ mpaghara na otu ahịrị koodu. AI na-ede koodu GeoPandas nke ọma; Mana koodu nke mara mma abụghị mgbe niile koodu ziri ezi.

Akpachara anya: Edemede nke AI dere nwere ike na-agba ọsọ na-enweghị njehie ma ka na-arụpụta nsonaazụ na-ezighi ezi. "Arụ ọrụ" na "ziri ezi" bụ ihe abụọ dị iche iche. Nkwado abụghị na koodu ahụ ada ada, kama na nsonaazụ ya dabara na ntụaka amaara.

Echiche ọzọ dị mkpa bụ mmeghari: nyocha ị na-eme na ụlọ ọrụ ọha kwesịrị inwe ike ịmeghachi ya na otu usoro ahụ site n'aka onye ọzọ ọnwa ole na ole. Agaghị echeta ihe omume site na ịpị aka na enweghị ike inyocha ya; ebe script Python bụ ma ndekọ nke ọrụ ma na-ewepụta otu nsonaazụ ahụ. Ịchekwa koodu ị na-emepụta na AI yana nkọwa ya na-ewusi ma ajụjụ ọnụ na ebe nchekwa ụlọ ọrụ. Yabụ ebumnuche maka "koodu enwere ike ịgụ, nkọwa na echekwara", ọ bụghị "koodu ọrụ". Omume dị mma bụ ịgbakwunye ngọngọ nkọwa dị mkpirikpi na mmalite nke edemede ọ bụla, na-ekwupụta ihe data ọ na-agba, na ụbọchị, na maka nzube.

Iwu Golden nke ịmepụta koodu na AI

  1. Nye ihe gbara ya gburugburu. Ụdị faịlụ, CRS, aha kọlụm, ihe ị chọrọ ime.
  2. Rịọ maka obere. Koodu mkpirisi nke na-arụ otu ọrụ dị nchebe karịa nnukwu edemede.
  3. Rịọ maka nkọwa. Bipụta na AI ihe ahịrị koodu ọ bụla na-eme; Agbala koodu ị na-aghọtaghị.
  4. Nwalee ya na sample. Buru ụzọ nwaa ya na ihe nlele data nke ndekọ 10-20.
  5. Tulee ntụnye aka. Tulee mpaghara/ anya ka uru amaara ama.
  6. Ndabere. Edegharịala nna ukwu data; arụ ọrụ na oyiri.

Nzọụkwụ site na nzọụkwụ: Ederede oghere echekwara na AI

  1. Kọwaa ọrụ ahụ. "Họrọ ebe akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ si na ngwugwu ngwugwu, gbakọọ mpaghara ha, dee mpaghara dị n'elu 5000 m² n'ime faịlụ dị iche."
  2. Chọpụta data. Ụdị (GeoPackage/Shapefile), CRS, aha kọlụm dị mkpa.
  3. Bipụta koodu + nkọwa na AI. Kwuru ahịrị n'ahịrị.
  4. Mee CRS na njikwa otu. Mpaghara na m² ma ọ bụ oyi akwa na metric CRS?
  5. Gbaa ọsọ na sample data. Lelee nsonaazụ ya anya.
  6. Jiri ntụaka nyochaa. Tụlee mpaghara ngwugwu na uru akwụkwọ aha ya.
  7. Gbaa ya na data nna ukwu, dee mmepụta na faịlụ ọhụrụ.

Ngwa ngwa adịghị ike / Ike siri ike

Ngwa ngwa adịghị ike: "Gbakọọ mpaghara ngwugwu."

AI na-ede na-amaghị usoro nhazi, usoro na kọlụm; Ogige ahụ nwere ike ịpụta na nkeji na-ezighi ezi ma ọ bụ CRS na-ezighi ezi.

Ike siri ike: "Site na GeoPandas, gụọ Layer GeoPackage ('parcels.gpkg', usoro metric mba dị ka CRS: EPSG: 5254) wee dee mpaghara nke ngwugwu ọ bụla na m² n'ime kọlụm 'area_m2' ọhụrụ. Kwuo ahịrị ọ bụla nke koodu ahụ. Tinye akara n'ihu mpaghara metric na-enyocha ma ọ bụrụ na metric oyi akwa na-enyocha ma ọ bụrụ na metric oyi akwa na-elele na CRS. na faịlụ ọhụrụ, agbanwela nke mbụ."

Ngwa ngwa nke abụọ na-emepụta koodu a na-enyocha, nke echekwara n'ihi na ọ nwere CRS, unit, mmepụta echedoro, na nkọwa.

Ndebiri anọ enwere ike iṅomi

Ọrụ: Dee koodu Python dị mkpụmkpụ nke na-eji GeoPandas arụ ọrụ a. Kwuo ahịrị ọ bụla na Turkish. Action: [...] Faịlụ ntinye: [...] (ụdị, CRS: [...], kọlụm dị mkpa: [...]) Iwu: Agbanwela faịlụ mbụ, dee mmepụta na faịlụ NEW. Lelee CRS bụ metric tupu arụ ọrụ; Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị, dọọ aka ná ntị.

Ọrụ: Kọwaa usoro Python/GeoPandas na-esonụ site na ahịrị wee kaa akara RISKS: nke ahịrị nwere ike ihichapụ / degharịa data, nke ọrụ na-ewere CRS ma ọ bụ olu, nke nzọụkwụ ga-adị ngwa ngwa na nnukwu data. Ịgbanwe koodu; naanị kọwaa ma dọọ aka ná ntị. Koodu: [...]

Ọrụ: Dee obere atụmatụ ule tupu ịme koodu a na ezigbo data. Kedu ihe nlele data, yana nsonaazụ a na-atụ anya ya, yana uru ntụaka kedu ka ekwesịrị iji kwado ya? Nye ndepụta nlele. Koodu/omume: [...]

Ọrụ: Kọwaa omume QGIS ndị a (pịa nzọụkwụ) dị ka ma ụzọ nhọrọ QGIS yana koodu Python/GeoPandas dakọtara. Ezipụta ọdịiche na isi ihe mmasị (CRS, unit) . Usoro: [...]

Tebụl: arụ ọrụ oghere ugboro ugboro na ọnyà ha

azụmahịa

Kedu ihe na-eme

Ọnyà na AI koodu

nkwenye

Akaụntụ ubi

Na-achọta mpaghara polygon

Ubi enweghị isi na Geographic CRS

Tụnyere mpaghara amaara

Ihe nchekwa

mpaghara gburugburu oke

Njehie nkeji (ogo/mita).

Metric CRS + nha

mkpokọta oghere

Associates n'ígwé

Ndebanye aha igodo/nke ezighi ezi

Njikwa ọnụ ọgụgụ ndekọ

Clip

mbe na mpaghara

Ọnwụ data na-enweghị oke

Tulee ntinye/mmepụta

ntughari

CRS dochie

Ebumnuche CRS na-ezighi ezi

Nkwenye koodu EPSG

Obere ikpe atọ

Ikpe 1 - Mfegharị nke dị jụụ. Onye na-eme atụmatụ na-eme edemede nke AI dere ozugbo na oyi akwa. Koodu na ezighi ezi na-etinye nzacha, hichapụ ọkara oyi akwa ma chekwaa ya n'otu faịlụ ahụ. N'ihi na ọ dịghị ndabere, data na-adịru ụbọchị na-efunahụ. Ihe nkuzi: mpụta mgbe niile gaa na faịlụ ọhụrụ, data nna ukwu anaghị arụ ọrụ mgbe niile.

Ikpe 2 - Nchekwa nwere unit na-ezighi ezi. Otu otu na-arịọ maka nchekwa ohere 500 ụkwụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Koodu AI na-agba na geo CRS; Ihe nchekwa “degree” 500 kpuchie maapụ ahụ dum. Ebe ọ bụ na otu ahụ na-anwale na obere ihe nlele, ọ na-ejide njehie tupu ya abanye na data bụ isi; Na-agbakwụnye ma na-edozi amụma na metric CRS. Àgwà nke ịnwale na-egbochi ọdachi.

Ikpe 3 - mmụta nkọwa. Onye na-eme atụmatụ nke na-amaghị koodu na-emepụta koodu njikọ site na AI na-akọwa ahịrị ọ bụla. Ọ na-ahụ "ahịrị a na-adaba ndekọ na-enweghị atụ" na nkọwa ahụ wee chọpụta na nke a ga-atụfu ụfọdụ ngwugwu; Ọ na-arịọ AI maka ụdị nke na-echekwa enweghị egwuregwu. Ịghọta koodu ahụ bụ ihe achọrọ maka iji ya n'enweghị nsogbu.

Mmejọ ndị nkịtị

  • Na-agba ọsọ ozugbo na data nna ukwu. Na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile na oyiri ahụ, na-edepụta mmepụta na faịlụ ọhụrụ.
  • Emehiere "rụ ọrụ" maka "ziri ezi". Koodu enweghị mperi nwere ike iwepụta nsonaazụ na-ezighi ezi; Jiri ntụaka nyochaa.
  • Na-eche CRS na olu. Lelee metric CRS mgbe niile maka ọrụ mpaghara na anya.
  • Koodu na-agba ọsọ ị ghọtaghị. Ọ dị ize ndụ ịgba ọsọ ya na-arịọghị maka nkọwa na n'amaghị ihe ahịrị na-eme.
  • Mafee obere ule. Ịgbanwe na nnukwu data na-enweghị ịnwale data nlele bụ isi ihe na-akpatakarị njehie.
  • Inye data nzuzo na ngwaọrụ igwe ojii n'echeghị echiche. Ekekọrịtala ezigbo ngwugwu / data mmadụ mgbe ị na-emepụta koodu; Jiri nlele/data na-amaghị aha.

Na nchịkọta

QGIS na Python (karịsịa GeoPandas) na-arụ ọrụ oghere ugboro ugboro na nhazi; AI na-ewepụta koodu ngwa ngwa maka ngwaọrụ ndị a. Mana AI na-ede koodu na echiche nke ị nweghị ike ịhụ: CRS na-ezighi ezi, olu na-ezighi ezi, arụmọrụ na-ehichapụ data na nzuzo. Ojiji nchekwa dabere na iwu isii: nye ihe gbara ya gburugburu, rịọ ntakịrị, nweta nkọwapụta, nwale dịka ọmụmaatụ, nyochaa site na ntụnye aka, ndabere. "Arụ ọrụ" abụghị otu na "ziri ezi." Ọbụlagodi na ịmaghị koodu, ị nwere ike iji AI mebere oghere oghere site na ịghọta ahịrị ọ bụla na-enweghị ikesa data nzuzo.

Ọrụ ngwa

Họrọ ọrụ oghere ugboro ugboro (dịka ịgbakọ mpaghara na oyi akwa na ikewa elu nke ọnụ ụzọ). (1) Bipụta koodu + nkọwa ahịrị na AI na ndebiri mbụ. (2) Lelee ihe egwu dị na otu koodu ahụ dị ka ndebiri nke abụọ wee chọta opekata mpe otu "nwere ike ihichapụ data / chere CRS" ahịrị. (3) Wepụta atụmatụ ule na ndebiri nke atọ: nke data nlele, nke uru ntụaka. (4) Dee usoro nchekwa atọ ị ga-eme tupu ịme koodu na ezigbo data.

ndetu

  • [ ] Enyere m AI usoro, CRS na okirikiri kọlụm.
  • [] Akọwara m ahịrị ọ bụla nke koodu; Agbaghị m koodu m aghọtaghị.
  • [] Achọrọ m koodu dị mkpụmkpụ, otu ọrụ.
  • [] M nwalere ya na obere ihe nlele data wee lelee nsonaazụ ya.
  • [ ] Eji uru nrụtụ aka amara ama ama.
  • [] Akwadoro m data nna ukwu; Edere m nsonaazụ ahụ na faịlụ ọhụrụ ahụ.
  • [] Enyereghị m data nzuzo n'ezie na ngwa igwe ojii; Eji m data amaghị aha/ihe nlele.