Riba:
- Ability don bayyana yadda rarraba 3D na tafki kaddarorin (porosity, permeability, ruwa jikewa) aka kera tare da AI da geostatistics.
- Ƙarfin gano fasalin fasalin da aka bazu tare da ƙirar ƙira, variogram, kriging da koyan inji
- Ƙarfin tabbatar da samfurin tafki tare da ma'auni na kayan aiki, gwaji mai kyau da yanayin rashin tabbas.
Don ƙirƙira filin mai ko iskar gas, da farko muna buƙatar gina samfurin 3D nasa: inda dutsen tafki yake, yadda yake da ƙura (porosity), yadda ruwa ke gudana cikin sauƙi (permeability/permeability), da nawa ne aka cika pores da hydrocarbons (1 - ruwa jikewa). Amma za mu iya auna waɗannan siffofi ne kawai a wuraren da muke haƙa rijiyoyi; Babban ƙarar da ke tsakanin rijiyoyin babu komai kuma dole ne a cika su. Halin tafki yana ɗaukar ma'auni a cikin rijiyoyi da faɗaɗa su zuwa ɗaukacin girma ta amfani da dabaru da ƙididdiga na ƙasa. A cikin wannan rukunin, muna amfani da hankali na wucin gadi da ƙididdigar ƙasa (reshe na ƙididdiga waɗanda ke ƙirar bayanan sararin samaniya tare da rashin tabbas) a cikin wannan aikin yadawa. Ƙa'idar da ba ta canzawa: kowace ƙima mai kyau zuwa rijiyar ƙididdiga ce, ba ta ainihi ba; Rashin tabbas wani ɓangare ne na samfurin kuma an gwada shi ta hanyar daidaituwa ta jiki.
Basic Concepts
- Facies: Nau'in dutse mai keɓaɓɓen kaddarorin da aka samar a cikin wani yanayi na musamman (misali yashin tashar kogi, shale na ruwa, dutsen dutsen ruwa). Ingancin tafki yana da alaƙa da faci: tashar tana zubar da yashi da kyau, amma ba shale ba.
- Variogram: Ma'auni na ci gaban sararin samaniya wanda ke bayyana yadda kamanni ke raguwa yayin da nisa tsakanin maki biyu ke ƙaruwa. Yana da kayan aiki na asali na geostatistics.
- Kriging: Hanyar da ke ƙididdige ƙima a wuraren da ba a ƙima ba ta amfani da variogram, tare da ƙiyasin rashin tabbas.
- Simulation na Stochastic: Samar da ƙila da yawa daidai gwargwado (gaskiya) masu dacewa da bayanan, maimakon zato "mafi kyau" guda ɗaya; Yana sa rashin tabbas a bayyane.
- Ma'auni na kayan aiki: Alakar kiyayewa tsakanin ruwan da aka samar daga tafki, raguwar matsa lamba da sauran ƙarar; anka na zahiri wanda ke gwada girman samfurin da kansa.
Alamomi: Samfurin tafki rarraba rashin tabbas ne, ba lamba ɗaya ba. Madaidaicin harshe shine "P90=35, P50=50, P10=72 ganga miliyan", ba "Ajiye ganga miliyan 50 ba". Tambayi AI don yanayi/rarrabuwa, ba ƙima guda ɗaya ba.
Yadda AI da Geostatistics ke Aiki Tare
Ƙididdigar geostatistic na gargajiya (kriging, variogram) yana da ƙarfi amma yana gwagwarmaya tare da mabambanta, alaƙar da ba ta kan layi ba. Wannan shi ne inda koyon inji ke shiga cikin wasa:
- Rarraba Facies: Sanya facies daga saitin log (ilimin kulawa); Sannan rarraba fasalin ta amfani da facies azaman jagora.
- Ƙimar sifa: Ƙimar ƙima ta tsaka-tsakin rijiyar daga sifa ta girgizar ƙasa + alakar log (samfurin sarrafa girgizar ƙasa).
- Cike tazara: Cika rata tsakanin rataye da rataya a hankali daga rijiyoyi da alaƙa.
Amma koyan na'ura bai san ma'ana ba. Taswirar porosity da aka samar ta hanyar ƙira ba daidai ba ne idan bai dace da yanayin ajiya ba (misali babban maɗaukaki a cikin facis ɗin shale). Lalacewar yanayin ƙasa shine tacewar farko na fitowar AI.
Mataki-mataki: Tafsirin ƙirar aikin aikin
- Tsarin kwarangwal. Ƙirƙiri juzu'i na tafki tare da hangen nesa da kurakurai daga seismic (fitarwa daga Raka'a 3).
- Faci model. Ƙayyade facies a cikin rijiyoyi (log + core), rarraba zuwa girma tare da yanayin variogram/geological. AI yana haɓaka rarrabuwa.
- Aiwatar da fasali. Rarraba porosity, rashin ƙarfi, jikewar ruwa a cikin kowane facies ta kriging ko koyon injin; Idan akwai girgizar ƙasa, sami jagora.
- Rashin tabbas. Ƙirƙirar babban adadin abubuwan ganowa tare da simintin stochastic; Ana fitar da kundin P90/P50/P10.
- Tabbatarwa. Ƙarfin samfurin gwadawa tare da ma'auni na kayan aiki da tarihin tarihi; Kwatanta tare da iyawar gwaji mai kyau.
Karamin Harkoki guda uku: Ta Lambobi
Case 1 - Darajar jagorar facies. Lokacin da aka tarwatsa porosity a wani wuri kai tsaye ta hanyar kriging, babban porosity "ya leka" zuwa yankunan shale marasa inganci. Lokacin da aka fara kafa samfurin facies kuma aka rarraba porosity a cikin facies, ƙirar ta zama mai gaskiya kuma adadin stochastic ya ragu: ƙarar P50 ya ragu da 12%, amma ƙungiyar rashin tabbas ta ragu da 40%. Daidaitaccen tsari ya ba da sakamako mai inganci da aminci.
Case 2 - Extrapolation tarkon. Samfurin koyon injin ya koyi alakar porosity-seismic da kyau a yankin da rijiyoyi ke ta'allaka; amma lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa shingen gefe ba tare da rijiya ba, ya fadi a waje da kewayon horarwa (extrapolation) kuma ya haifar da porosity maras tabbas na 28%. Masanin ilimin kasa ya nuna cewa toshe yana cikin wani yanki na facies daban-daban; samfurin bai da inganci a wannan yankin. An yi alama iyakar extrapolation.
Hali na 3 - Rikicin ma'auni na kayan abu. Kyakkyawan 3D samfurin P50 tanadi ya samar da ganga miliyan 68; duk da haka, raguwar matsin lamba na farkon filin ya nuna tsarin da aƙalla ~ 45 ganga miliyan a cikin ma'auni. Sabanin ya zo ne saboda ƙirar ta ɗauka cewa an cire haɗin (keɓe) jikin yashi don haɗawa sosai. An sake yin la'akari da haɗin kai kuma an yi samfurin ƙarami. Anga na zahiri ya gyara ƙirar geometric.
Rauni Mai Sauƙi / Ƙarfi Mai ƙarfi
Rawanin faɗakarwa:
Samfurin tafki da ajiyar an samo su ne daga wannan bayanan rijiyar.[bayanai]
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:
Ƙirƙirar ƙirar ƙirar tafki daga rijiyar (wanda ba a san sunansa ba) da taƙaitawar girgizar ƙasa a ƙasa. Dokokin: - Na farko gina facies model; Rarraba porosity/permeability ACIKIN facies. Siffar Hydrocarbon leaching cikin shale / low quality facies.- Tabbatar da sigogi na variogram (tushen, kewayo) daga yanayin yanayin ƙasa, ba daga bayanai ba; Rubuta zato a bayyane.- Gabatar da sakamakon a matsayin rarraba ƙarar P90/P50/P10, ba lamba ɗaya ba.
Samfura guda huɗu masu Kwafi
1) Daftarin Rarraba Facies:
Ba da shawarar tsarin rarraba facies daga saitin rajistan ayyukan masu zuwa. Rubuta rajistan ayyukan da za a yi amfani da su, ma'anar aji, da buƙatun alamar alama. Ƙayyade haɗarin ruɗani tsakanin azuzuwan da kuma binciken sanin yanayin ƙasa. Bayani: [Log set]
2) Tabbatar da variogram:
Lokacin kafa variogram don wannan bayanan porosity, danganta shugabanci da zaɓin kewayo zuwa alkiblar hazo na ƙasa. Bayyana haɗarin ɗaukar isotropic. Bayyana iyakar amincin variogram tare da ƴan bayanai kaɗan. Data: [porosity]
3) Halin rashin tabbas:
Ƙirƙirar rarraba ƙarar P90/P50/P10 don abubuwan shigar da ƙara masu biyowa (yanki, kauri, porosity, jikewa, yanayin juyawa). Nemi kewayon rashin tabbas na kowace shigarwa, kar a ɗauka. Matsayi mafi tasiri tushen rashin tabbas (tornado).Input: [values]
4) Duba ma'auni na kayan abu:
Kwatanta ƙarar ƙirar 3D mai zuwa tare da samarwa da wuri da aka bayar da bayanan saukar da matsa lamba don ma'aunin abu. Idan akwai rashin jituwa, jera dalilai masu yiwuwa (haɗi, tallafin ruwa, kuskuren ƙara). Model: [girma], samarwa/matsi: [bayanai]
Samfuran Tabbataccen Tafki
Layer
Me gwaje-gwaje
Hanya
Lalacewar yanayin ƙasa
Daidaituwar fasali-facies
Binciken masana
da data
Yarda da auna tabo
Log/core kwatanta
gwada kyau
Haqiqa matsi/matsi
Gwajin gwaji na wucin gadi
Ma'auni na kayan abu
kiyaye girma
Dangantakar samar da matsin lamba
Tarihin samarwa
m hali
Daidaita tarihi
Kuskuren gama gari
- Facies tsalle. Rarraba fasali ba tare da jagorar faci ba da ɗigowar hydrocarbons tare da abu.
- Hasashen aya ɗaya. Bayar da rahoton adadin ajiya guda ɗaya maimakon rarraba rashin tabbas.
- Extrapolation. A makance amfani da samfurin zuwa toshe a waje da kewayon bayanan horo.
- Tsallake ma'aunin abu. Ba gwada ƙarar samfurin 3D tare da ma'aunin jiki ba.
- Bar variogram zuwa atomatik. Zaɓin shugabanci / kewayon ba tare da yanayin yanayin ƙasa ba.
A takaice
- Halin tafki shine faɗaɗa ma'aunin ma'auni a cikin rijiyoyi zuwa ɗaukacin ƙarar tare da ilimin ƙasa da ƙasa.
- AI da koyon injin suna da ƙarfi a cikin rarrabuwar facies da hasashen fasali; amma sanin yanayin kasa shine farkon tacewa.
- Rarraba fasali a cikin facies; Yi rahoton rashin tabbas azaman rarraba P90/P50/P10.
- Alama iyakoki na extrapolation; Kada ku yi amfani da samfurin a makance a waje da kewayon horo.
- Ma'auni na kayan aiki da tarihin samarwa su ne anka na jiki waɗanda ke gwada samfurin lissafi.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Ɗauki bayanan porosity/facies daga rijiyoyi da yawa (wakilin) na filin. Yi tsarin ƙirar ƙira da aka samar tare da faɗakarwa mai ƙarfi. Sa'an nan: (1) duba ko an rarraba porosity a cikin facies, (2) nemi ajiyar a matsayin P90/P50/P10, ba lamba ɗaya ba, (3) yana ba da ƙarar da aka ba da samfurin tare da ma'auni mai sauƙi (samar da + saura) dabaru. Ƙara faɗakarwa don aƙalla yanki ɗaya mara kyau.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] Na fahimci cewa samfurin tafki yana da ƙima mai kyau kuma yana ɗauke da rashin tabbas.
- [ ] Ina rarraba fasalulluka tare da jagorar faci, ba na zubar da su cikin faci marasa inganci.
- [ ] Ina bayar da rahoton ajiyar azaman rarraba P90/P50/P10, ba lamba ɗaya ba.
- [ ] Na yi alamar iyakoki.
- [] Na tabbatar da ƙarar samfurin tare da ma'auni na kayan aiki da tarihin samarwa.