Riba:
- Ikon fahimtar dabarun CIELAB, Delta E da metamerism da tushen lambobi na sarrafa launi.
- Shawarar girke-girken fenti mai goyon bayan AI, daidaitaccen launi da daidai-lokacin daidaita ayyukan aiki
- Ikon tabbatar da fitowar launi ta ma'aunin spectrophotometer, yanayin tushen haske da tabon dakin gwaje-gwaje
Launi shine mafi bayyane kuma mafi tsada tushen kuskure a cikin yadi. Abokin ciniki ya amince da wani shuɗin sojan ruwa na musamman; Dole ne samarwa ya samar da wannan shuɗi mai duhu a cikin dubban mita, a cikin batches daban-daban, a cikin zaruruwa daban-daban da fitilu daban-daban. Ko da bambancin ton ɗaya yana haifar da kin amincewa da tsari, gyara fenti da jinkirta bayarwa. Shi ya sa sarrafa launi ba aikin "ido" ba ne, amma aikin aunawa da lambobi. AI yana yin manyan ayyuka guda biyu a cikin wannan yanki: yana ba da shawarar girke-girke daga bayanan rini na tarihi da kuma nazarin bambance-bambancen launi cikin tsari. Amma rini wasa ne da ake yi da sinadarai na gaske da fiber na gaske; Babu shawarwarin AI da zai maye gurbin gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje. A cikin wannan rukunin, za mu tattauna yaren ƙididdiga na launi, haɓaka girke-girke da horo na tabbatarwa.
Harshen Dijital na Launi: CIELAB, Delta E, Metamerism
Gudanar da launi yana magana a cikin sararin launi na CIELAB. A cikin wannan sarari, kowane launi ana siffanta shi da lambobi uku: L (haske-duhun, 0 baki-100 fari), a \ (kore-ja axis), da b\*** (blue-rawaya axis). Waɗannan lambobi uku sune "address" na launi.
Muna auna bambanci tsakanin launuka biyu tare da Delta E (ΔE) - nisa a sararin CIELAB. Ƙananan ΔE yana nufin launuka suna kusa da juna. A cikin yadi, juriyar yarda da tsari-zuwa-batch galibi ana bayyana shi ta hanyar kwangila cikin sharuddan ΔE (misali "ΔE ≤ 1.0 yarda"). Hanyoyin zamani (misali CMC, ΔE2000) sun fi kusa da fahimtar ɗan adam kuma suna da yawa a cikin yadudduka. Shi ya sa cewa "launi da aka riƙe" yana buƙatar auna; Hukuncin ido bai isa ba.
Metamerism babban rami ne mai mahimmanci: samfurori biyu na iya bayyana iri ɗaya a ƙarƙashin tushen haske ɗaya amma daban a ƙarƙashin wata tushe. Launuka biyu da aka samu tare da rini daban-daban na iya daidaitawa a cikin hasken kantin sayar da kayayyaki kuma sun bambanta a cikin hasken rana. Shi ya sa ba a yin tabbatar da launi a cikin haske ɗaya, amma a ƙarƙashin maɓuɓɓuka masu yawa (misali hasken rana D65, TL84 shop fluorescent, A incandescent) a cikin daidaitaccen rumfar haske.
Duk waɗannan ma'aunai ana ɗaukar su ne tare da na'urar hangen nesa: na'urar da ke auna yawan hasken da masana'anta ke nunawa a kowane tsayin raƙuman ruwa da canza shi zuwa ƙimar CIELAB. Dukkan tushen lambobi na sarrafa launi shine karatun wannan na'urar.
Tukwici: Rubuta ƙimar ΔE da kuma wace dabara (CMC, ΔE2000) da kuma wacce aka yi amfani da tushen haske a cikin yanke shawara mai launi. Don samfurin guda ɗaya, ΔE ya bambanta lokacin da tsarin da haske ya canza; Ba tare da tantance waɗannan ba, "ΔE 0.8" ba ta da ma'ana.
Girke-girke mai launi da Dama-Lokacin Farko
A girke-girke na rini yana bayyana waɗanne kayan rini ne za a yi amfani da su a cikin wane taro (yawanci% ko g/L), tare da waɗanne sinadarai masu taimako, a wane zafin jiki da lokaci don samun launi da aka yi niyya. Dama-farko-lokaci (RFT) yana nufin cewa girke-girke ya hadu da juriya a farkon gwaji, wato, baya buƙatar sake fenti (ƙara). Idan ƙimar RFT ta yi ƙasa, asarar fenti, ruwa, makamashi da lokaci yana ƙaruwa; Wannan duka lamari ne mai tsada da dorewa.
Anan shine inda hankali na wucin gadi / daidaita launi na kwamfuta ya shiga cikin wasa: daga bayanan rini na tarihi, yana ba da shawarar haɗuwa da rini da maida hankali wanda zai ba da sakamakon kusa da ƙimar CIELAB. Tsarin zamani yana yin wannan azaman nau'in haɓakawa. Duk da haka, ana gwada shawarar koyaushe ta hanyar lalatawar dakin gwaje-gwaje (ƙananan samfurin samfurin), auna ta hanyar spectrophotometer, gyara idan ya cancanta; Sai kawai yana daidaitawa zuwa samarwa (yawanci).
Mataki zuwa Mataki: AI-Powered Color Workflow
- Auna manufa. Karanta daidaitattun abokin ciniki (katin launi, abin da ya gabata) tare da spectrophotometer, ajiye burin CIELAB.
- Ba da shawarar takardar sayan magani. Bari tsarin / AI ya haifar da 'yan takarar girke-girke tare da nau'in launi mai dacewa don nau'in fiber (misali mai amsawa don auduga, tarwatsa don polyester).
- Rini na dakin gwaje-gwaje. 'Yan takarar launi a cikin ƙaramin samfurin, auna, ƙididdige ΔE.
- Gyara shi. Inganta gyare-gyaren algorithm na rashin haƙuri; Fenti-auna kuma.
- Sarrafa metamerism. Tabbatar a cikin rumfar haske mai haske.
- Sikeli zuwa girma kuma tabbatar. Ɗauki samfurin daga samfurin samarwa, sake aunawa; Kula da daidaito a ciki da kuma cikin ɓangarorin.
Karamin Harkoki guda uku: Ta Lambobi
Case 1 - Inganta RFT. A cikin gidan rini ɗaya, ƙimar RFT ya kasance 68%; Daya daga cikin jam'iyyu uku na son gyara. Lokacin da tsarin daidaita launi, wanda aka ciyar da bayanan 5,000 da suka gabata, ya ba da shawarar mafi kyawun girke-girke, RFT ya karu zuwa 81%, adana ~ mintuna 90 da rini/ruwa a kowane gyara. Duk da haka, kowace takardar sayan magani ta wuce gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje; tsarin ya inganta farawa, ba yanke shawara ba.
Case 2 - Metamerism leak. Ɗaya daga cikin mai ba da kaya ya sami takaddun shaida tare da ΔE na 0.7 a ƙarƙashin D65 blue blue, amma tare da shago mai haske (TL84) ΔE yana tashi zuwa 2.4; Abokin ciniki ya ƙi. Matsalar ita ce tabbatarwa ta haske ɗaya. Lokacin da tsarin tabbatar da katako mai yawa ya zama tilas, an rage yawan ƙin yarda da metameric zuwa kusan sifili.
Case 3 - Canjin jam'iyya. Bambanci a cikin ΔE2000 tsakanin batches biyu da aka rina tare da girke-girke iri ɗaya shine 1.6; haƙuri ya kasance 1.0. AI ta sake nazarin bayanan tsarin (zazzabi, lokaci, taurin ruwa) kuma ya ba da alamar daidaituwa "zazzabi na wanka 3 ° C ƙasa a cikin tsari na biyu." Lokacin da aka gyara tsarin, bambanci tsakanin batches ya ragu zuwa 0.6. AI ya ba da alamar; An bayar da tabbacin ta hanyar yin rikodi da sake aunawa.
Rauni Mai Sauƙi / Ƙarfi Mai ƙarfi
Rawanin faɗakarwa:
Me yasa wannan launi bai yi aiki ba? Gyara shi.
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:
Matsayinku: ƙwararren launi na Dyehouse. Manufar CIELAB: L*=28.4 a*=1.2 b*=-18.6 (D65). Ma'aunin samarwa: L*=30.1 a*=0.8 b*=-16.9. Fiber: 100% auduga, dye mai amsawa.Task: 1) Lissafin ΔE2000 kuma nuna ma'auni.2) Fassarar bambance-bambancen L *, a*, b* (a wane shugabanci ya canza launi?) Ka bayyana inda ba ka da tabbas.
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ya haɗa da manufa ta lamba, mahallin fiber/ rini da matakin tabbatar da dakin gwaje-gwaje; ya nemi shawarar a matsayin hasashe.
Samfuran da za a iya kwafi
1) ΔE lissafi da fassarar:
Yi ƙididdige ΔE2000 don waɗannan ƙimar CIELAB guda biyu, rubuta dabarar, da fassara nawa ya canza akan wane axis (L/a/b). Makasudi: [L,a,b] Mitar: [L,a,b].Tsarin haske: [D65 da sauransu].
2) Tsarin sarrafa Metamerism:
Shirya tsarin kimantawa da yawa don amincewar launi: abin da maɓuɓɓugar haske, abin da ΔE haƙuri a ƙarƙashin kowane, ƙi / yarda da doka. Fiber da amfani: [bayani].
3) Batch drift tushen dalilin:
A ƙasa akwai bambance-bambancen ΔE da rikodin tsari (zazzabi, lokaci, pH, taurin ruwa) na batches ɗin da aka rina tare da girke-girke iri ɗaya. Samar da ma'auni mai ma'ana wanda ke motsawa tare da bambanci; Ƙara shawarwarin tabbatarwa ga kowane. Data: [Table]
4) Takaitaccen rahoton RFT:
Takaitacciyar ƙimar RFT, mafi yawan dalilai na gyarawa, da kiyasin rini/ruwa/ asarar lokaci daga waɗannan bayanan tabo. Kada ku sanya lambobin. Data: [Table]
Jadawalin Ra'ayin Gudanar da Launi
ra'ayi
Me ake nufi?
Yi amfani a aikace
L\a\b\*
Adireshin lamba na launi
Kwatanta manufa da aunawa
ΔE (CMC / 2000)
Bambanci tsakanin launuka biyu
Haƙuri / ƙin yarda
metamerism
Daidaita wanda ke canzawa ya danganta da haske
Kamar yadda amincewar haske da yawa
spectrophotometer
Na'urar auna launi
Tushen duk tushen lambobi
R.F.T.
Matsakaicin lokacin farko daidai
Ma'aunin ɗorewa da ci gaba
Tsanaki: Rubutun da AI ya ba da shawara shine wurin farawa. Kimiyyar Rini; Yana kula da masu canji kamar su fiber lot, taurin ruwa, inji da rini. Babu wani girke-girke da aka sanya cikin samarwa da yawa ba tare da tabon dakin gwaje-gwaje da amincewar spectrophotometer ba.
Kuskuren gama gari
- Tabbatar da launi da ido. Shawarar launi na buƙatar ma'auni (ΔE).
- Tabbatarwa a cikin haske ɗaya. Metamerism ana gano shi kawai a cikin babban rumfar haske.
- Ba bayyana dabara/haske ba. "ΔE 0.8" bai cika ba tare da rubutawa a cikin wane tsari da haske yake ba.
- Shan takardar sayan magani kai tsaye zuwa girma. Idan an tsallake gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje, akwai hadarin ton na almubazzaranci.
- La'akarin canjin jam'iyyar a matsayin kwatsam. Drift galibi ya dogara ne akan canjin tsari; ana bincike.
a takaice
Gudanar da launi shine kimiyyar aunawa: Adireshin CIELAB, ΔE bambanci, metamerism da spectrophotometry sune harsunanta. AI yana ba da shawarar mafi kyawun girke-girke na farawa daga bayanan tarihi, haɓaka ƙimar lokaci-lokaci na farko da samar da hasashe game da tushen tushen bambance-bambancen launi. Amma ba kowane tsari ne ake saka shi cikin samar da yawa ba tare da wucewar tabon dakin gwaje-gwaje ba, ma'aunin ΔE da amincewar haske da yawa. Ana yanke shawarar launi ta lamba, ba ta ido ba.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Saita ƙimar CIELAB manufa da ma'aunin samarwa (daga bayanan ku ko samfurin ku). Yi bambanci tare da samfurin "ƙididdigar ΔE da fassarar" a cikin wannan naúrar kuma kwatanta fassarar ku tare da bayanin AI akan wace axis launi ke canzawa. Sannan rubuta shirin tabbatar da haske mai yawa (aƙalla tushen haske biyu da haƙuri) kuma ku ba da hujja a cikin sakin layi dalilin da yasa kuka fi son wannan zuwa tabbatar da haske ɗaya.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [] Ina yanke shawarar launi ta hanyar auna ΔE, ƙayyadaddun tsari da tushen haske.
- [ ] Ina bincika metamerism ta hanyar tabbatarwa a cikin rumfar haske da yawa.
- [ ] Na tabbatar da shawarwarin likitancin AI tare da tabon dakin gwaje-gwaje da spectrophotometry.
- [ ] Ina bincika bayanan tsari idan akwai canjin tsari.
- [ ] Ba na sanya kowane takardar sayan magani a cikin samarwa da yawa ba tare da amincewar dakin gwaje-gwaje ba.