Gudanar da Inganci da Gane Lalacewar: Tsarin Hoto

Riba:

• Ikon yin bayanin yadda ake gano lahani a saman masana'anta da kuma rarraba su ta hanyar sarrafa hoto da koyon injin.
• Ƙarfin fassara ma'auni mara kyau / mara kyau, tsarin maki 4, da ma'aunin aikin ƙira
• Ikon ƙirƙira saitin tabbatarwa wanda ke gwada fitowar gano lahani ta atomatik tare da binciken ɗan adam da duban jiki

Shekaru da yawa, kula da ingancin masana'anta ya dogara ga idon ɗan adam: ma'aikaci yana kallon masana'anta na sa'o'i a kan tebur mai haske, yana yin alama da ƙima ga duk wani lahani da ya gani. Wannan aikin yana da gajiyawa, mai rahusa, kuma mai saurin gajiya da kuskure; Hankali ba shi da kaifi a ƙarshen motsi kamar yadda yake a farkon. Hannun kwamfuta da koyan na'ura sun yi alƙawarin sarrafa wannan binciken: kyamara mai sauri tana bincika masana'anta, ganowa da rarraba nau'ikan lahani a cikin daƙiƙa. A cikin wannan rukunin, za mu tattauna yadda wannan tsarin ke aiki, da ma'auni da ake kimanta shi, da kuma dalilin da yasa har yanzu sarrafa ɗan adam ya kasance ba makawa.

Lalacewar Fabric da Harshen Bincike

Don fahimtar ganowa ta atomatik, da farko dole ne a san sunan lahani. Launuka na yau da kullun a cikin masana'anta da aka saka: warp breakage (rashin zaren tsayi), lahani / tsaka-tsaki (layi mai jujjuya), rami, tabo, wuri mai kauri / bakin ciki, warp billa. A cikin masana'anta da aka saƙa: alamar allura (layin tsayi, daga rashin aikin allura), ɓarna mai ɓarna, rami, bambancin kauri. A cikin bugu da rini: bambancin launi, abrage (rashin daidaituwa), zamewa, splashing.

Ana yawan ƙididdige sakamakon binciken ta amfani da tsarin maki huɗu: kowane lahani ana ba shi maki 1-4 bisa ga tsayin tsayinsa (misali maki 1 har zuwa 8 cm, maki 4 akan 15 cm) kuma ana ƙididdige jimlar makin kowane 100 m². Ƙarƙashin kofa (misali maki 40/100 m²) ana ɗaukarsa "karɓa", ana ɗaukar sama "ƙi". Maki mai sarrafa kansa tare da AI yakamata yayi koyi da wannan ma'aunin; Bai kamata ya samar da nasa maki na sabani ba.

Tukwici: Fitowar tsarin mai sarrafa kansa ya kamata koyaushe ya kasance mai canzawa zuwa madaidaitan maki (kamar maki 4) da haƙurin abokin ciniki. "Misalin da aka samo 12 anomalies" kadai ba ya yanke shawarar kasuwanci; Dole ne a canza shi zuwa maki da yanke shawara.

Ta Yaya Gane Aibi Ta atomatik Aiki?

Tsarin zamani yakan haɗa hanyoyin biyu. Rarraba kulawa shine lokacin da hanyar sadarwa ta wucin gadi (musamman madaidaicin hoto, cibiyar sadarwa ta juyin juya hali, Turanci CNN) wanda aka horar da dubban misalan lahani da aka yiwa lakabi a baya yana hasashen ko akwai aibu a cikin sabon hoton da nau'in sa. Gano Anomaly, a daya bangaren, ya koyi masana'anta "na al'ada" kuma yana nuna duk wani abu da ya kauce wa al'ada a matsayin dan takara mai lahani; Yana aiki don ƙarancin lahani, wanda ba a taɓa gani ba saboda ba lallai ba ne a yiwa kowane nau'in lahani lakabi a gaba.

Mun karanta aikin tsarin tare da ma'auni guda biyu. Hankali (tuna): wane kashi na nawa na ainihi ya gano? Daidaito: Wane kashi na abin da suka ce aibi ne ainihin aibi? Akwai daidaito tsakanin wadannan biyun. Ƙarya mara kyau (rasa lahani) yana nufin kayan da ba daidai ba ana isar da su ga abokin ciniki; Ƙarya mai kyau (alama daidai a matsayin mai lahani) yana nufin sharar gida da jinkirin da ba dole ba. A cikin aikace-aikacen inganci mai mahimmanci, ana zaɓin gabaɗaya don kiyaye ƙarancin ƙirƙira, yayin da ƙarar ƙimar ƙaryar ke fuskantar saurin duba na biyu ta ma'aikacin ɗan adam.

Akwai tarko mai mahimmanci a nan: daidaito kawai yaudara ce. A kan layin samarwa, watakila 2% na masana'anta yana da lahani. Samfurin wawa wanda ke kiran komai "cikakke" yana ba da rahoton daidaiton kashi 98% amma bai kama aibi ɗaya ba. Sabili da haka, a cikin bayanan da ba a daidaita ba, ba a la'akari da hankali da daidaito na ajin lahani, amma daidaito.

Mataki-mataki: Ƙimar Tsarin Ganewa

1. Tattara bayanan wakilai. Hotunan da ke rufe ainihin nau'in masana'anta (launi, launi, haske) wanda tsarin zai gani; Ciki har da lahani da ba kasafai ba.
2. Duba ingancin lakabin. Idan alamun horo ba daidai ba ne, ƙirar kuma ta koyi kuskure; Yi samfurin alamun tare da ƙwararren ido.
3. Auna hankali/madaidaici. Na dabam don ajin lahani; Kada ku kalli daidaiton gaba ɗaya kawai.
4. Yi nazarin abubuwan da ba daidai ba. Shin lahani da aka rasa suna da fasalin gama gari (wasu launi, wani haske)?
5. Saita mutum-in-da-madauki. Bari mai aiki ya tabbatar da abin da samfurin ya yi alama; kai tsaye ga mutane.
6. Saka idanu da sake horarwa. Sabunta saitin bayanai yayin da sabbin nau'ikan lahani ke fitowa (tushen ra'ayi).

Karamin Harkoki guda uku: Ta Lambobi

Shari'a 1 - Daidaitaccen yaudara. Wani mai sayarwa ya sayar da tsarin yana cewa "samfurin mu daidai ne 97%". Komawar abokin ciniki ya karu a filin. Binciken ya nuna cewa azancin aji na lahani shine kawai 61%, ma'ana 39 daga cikin kowane lahani na gaskiya 100 an rasa. Daidaiton ya yi girma saboda yawancin masana'anta sun riga sun kasance marasa aibi. An sake daidaita ƙofa kuma an ƙara sarrafa ɗan adam; hankali ya karu zuwa 92%, an kawar da halayen ƙarya ta mai aiki.

Case 2 - Canjin haske. A cikin layi ɗaya, ƙimar karya ta ninka sau uku lokacin da hasken rana ya faɗo wurin dubawa; Samfurin ya yi tunanin inuwar tabo ne. An warware matsalar lokacin da yanayin kallo (rufewar majalisar, hasken LED akai-akai) ya daidaita. Darasi: saitin hoto yana da yawa game da inganci kamar samfurin.

Case 3 - Lokaci da aiki. Kasuwancin ya shafe matsakaicin mintuna 9 da hannu yana duba masana'anta na mita 100 da hannu. Tare da samfurin riga-kafi na kyamara + ƙirar tabbatar da ma'aikaci, an rage lokacin zuwa mintuna 4 kuma an rage zubar ruwa saboda ma'aikacin ya mai da hankali kawai ga wuraren da aka yiwa alama. Abin da ke da mahimmanci shi ne cewa sarrafa kansa ba ya kai ga ma'aikaci ba, amma idon mai aiki.

Rauni Mai Sauƙi / Ƙarfi Mai ƙarfi

Lura: Tsarukan sadaukarwa waɗanda ke bincika hoton lahani kai tsaye sun bambanta; Anan muna amfani da AI don ƙirar tsari, kimanta bayanai da rahoto.

Rawanin faɗakarwa:

Faɗa mini, shin samfurin gano lahaninmu yana da kyau?

Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:

Matsayinku: Injiniyan ingancin yadi da mai nazarin bayanai. A ƙasa akwai sakamakon gwajin samfurin gano lahani (matrix ɗin rikicewa: tabbataccen gaskiya, tabbataccen ƙarya, ƙarancin ƙarya, ƙarancin gaskiya). saitin bakin kofa da duban dan adam.Lambobi: [matrix]

Samfuran da za a iya kwafi

1) Lissafi da fassarar ma'auni:

Yi lissafin hankali, daidaito da maki F1 daga matrix ɗin ruɗani masu zuwa, rubuta kowace dabara kuma tabbatar da wanne ne ya fi mahimmanci ta fuskar inganci. Matrix: [TP, FP, FN, TN]

2) Tushen arya mara kyau:

A ƙasa akwai jerin fasalulluka na lahani da aka rasa (nau'in lahani, launi, haske, sauri). Ƙirƙirar hasashe na gama-gari da ba da shawarar gwadawa ga kowane hasashe. Data: [list]

3) Juya zuwa maki 4:

Mayar da abin ganowa mai zuwa zuwa tsarin maki 4: maki kowane lahani gwargwadon tsayinsa, ƙididdige jimillar makin a cikin m² 100, kwatanta da maki [kofa] kuma bayar da shawarar karɓa/ ƙi. Lalacewar lissafi: [jeri]

4) Daftarin rahoton dubawa:

Samo taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani daga bayanan lahani mai zuwa: manyan lahani 3, tushen tsari mai yuwuwar ( hasashe), jimlar ƙima, da ayyukan shawarwarin. Kada ku sanya lambobin, kawai amfani da abin da aka bayar. Data: [Table]

Jadawalin Kwatancen awo

ma'auni

Menene ma'auni

Shin yana da kyau ya zama babba?

Muhimmancin inganci

Daidaito

Gabaɗaya daidai ƙimar

Zai iya zama mai ruɗi

Ƙananan bayanai marasa daidaituwa

Hankali (tunawa)

An kama ainihin ƙimar lahani

Ee

Sauke mummunan mummunan (mahimmanci)

Daidaitawa

Gaskiyar abin da ka fada aibi ne

Ee

Yana rage ingancin karya/sharar gida

karya mara kyau

tsira aibi

A'a, ya kamata ya zama ƙasa

Hadarin kayan da ba daidai ba ga abokin ciniki

tabbataccen ƙarya

ƙararrawa mara kyau

A'a amma an jure

Haɓaka / asarar sauri

Hankali: Tsarin da ke sarrafa kansa “pre-screener” ne, ba “mai yarda ba”. Shawarar karɓar ingancin ƙarshe tana buƙatar amincewar ƙwararren jami'in inganci, musamman don batches waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin kwangilar abokin ciniki. Samfurin yana haɓaka ikon ɗan adam, amma baya keɓe shi.

Kuskuren gama gari

• Don duban adalci da gamsuwa. Babban daidaito yana ɓoye kayan tarihi a cikin bayanan marasa daidaituwa.
• Yin watsi da yanayin kallo. Ba tare da ci gaba da haskakawa da saurin gudu ba samfurin ba abin dogaro ba ne.
• Ba a duba ingancin lakabin ba. Samfurin da aka horar da lakabin da ba daidai ba yana koya ba daidai ba.
• Mantawa da sabon nau'in lahani. Idan ba a sabunta bayanai don sabbin lahani waɗanda ke bayyana kan lokaci ba, aikin zai ragu cikin shiru.
• Yanke mutane. Matakin yarda mai mahimmanci yana buƙatar amincewar ɗan adam.

a takaice

Sarrafa hoto yana haɓaka binciken masana'anta sosai kuma yana rama gajiyar ɗan adam. Amma ba a karanta aikinsa ba da daidaito, amma tare da azanci da daidaito na ajin aibi; Karya mara kyau shine kuskure mafi haɗari a inganci. Yanayin hoto mai tsayayye, lakabin inganci da dubawar mutum-in-madauki sune ginshiƙai uku na amincin tsarin. Fitarwa ta atomatik shine gwajin farko; Shawarar karɓa ta ƙarshe ta kasance tare da amincewar injiniyan.

Aikin aikace-aikace

Ƙayyade matrix ruɗani misali don tsarin gano lahani (misali 100 mara kyau, 4900 cikakkun samfurori). Yi hankali, daidaito da F1 da aka ƙididdige su tare da samfurin "lissafin awo" a cikin wannan rukunin; sannan duba sakamakon da hannu. Tattauna a cikin sakin layi abin da ke faruwa da tabbataccen ƙarya lokacin da kuka canza kofa don raba ƙarancin ƙarya a cikin matrix ɗaya, kuma yanke shawarar wane ma'auni daidai ga samfurin ku.

jerin abubuwan dubawa

• [ ] Ina kimanta aiki ta hankali/madaidaici, ba daidaito ba.
• [] Na fassara haɗarin rashin kuskuren ƙarya tare da tasirin kasuwanci.
• [ ] Na daidaita yanayin kallo (haske, gudu).
• [ ] Ina bincika ingancin lakabi akai-akai da sabbin nau'ikan lahani.
• [ ] Na sanya yardar ɗan adam a kan yanke shawara na ƙarshe; Samfurin shine pre-sifter kawai.