Riba:
- Ƙarfin gina ƙididdigar haɗarin ginin gini cikin AI tare da matsayi na haɗari, yuwuwar, tsanani da kuma taka tsantsan.
- Ikon tabbatar da nazarin haɗarin, umarnin OHS da maganganun akwatin kayan aiki wanda AI ta samar tare da doka da gaskiyar filin
- Ikon fahimta da amfani da alhakin doka na takaddun OHS da fitarwar AI na buƙatar amincewar ƙwararru
Gine-gine na ɗaya daga cikin sassan da haɗarin aiki ke faruwa akai-akai kuma mafi tsanani; Fadowa daga tudu, fadowa kayan gini, zabtarewar kasa, hadurran wutar lantarki da na gine-gine su ne ke haddasa asarar rayuka. Kiwon Lafiya da Tsaro na Ma'aikata (OHS) shine horo na gano waɗannan haɗari cikin tsari da kuma yin taka tsantsan, kuma ya zama tilas a doka. Takardun OHS (kimanin haɗari, umarnin aminci, maganganun akwatin kayan aiki, tsare-tsaren gaggawa) takardu ne waɗanda ke ɗaukar alhakin doka. AI taimako ne mai ƙarfi a cikin sauri samar da daftarin waɗannan takaddun, faɗaɗa jerin haɗari da sauƙaƙe umarni. Amma a cikin OHS, ɓataccen kariya ko kuskure kai tsaye yana nufin amincin rayuwa; Dole ne a tabbatar da fitowar AI tare da gaskiyar filin ta ƙwararren / injiniya na OHS. A cikin wannan rukunin, za mu ga yadda ake samar da takaddun OHS lafiya tare da AI.
Ƙirƙirar Ƙimar Haɗari Daidai
Mahimmin mahimmanci na ƙididdigar haɗari: gano haɗari ga kowane mataki na aiki, kimanta haɗarin (yiwuwar × tsanani), ɗauki mataki da sake kimanta haɗarin bayan aiki. Lokacin kafa nazarin haɗari ga AI, samar da bayanan masu zuwa:
- Mataki/aikin aiki: Menene ake yi? (cire mold, aiki a tsayi, tono, ɗaga kaya tare da crane).
- Haɗari: Me zai iya cutar da shi? (faɗuwa, murkushewa, haƙora, wutar lantarki).
- Yiwuwa da tsanani: Yaya akai-akai, yaya tsanani? (a kan sikeli).
- Matsayin matakan: Kawar> maye gurbin> Ma'aunin injiniya (Tsarin tsaro, shinge)> Ma'aunin gudanarwa (umarni, horo)> Kayan kariya na sirri (PPE). Wannan oda yana da mahimmanci; PPE shine makoma ta ƙarshe.
Matsayin taka tsantsan ra'ayi ne mai mahimmanci: kawar da haɗari gaba ɗaya ya fi tasiri fiye da samar da hula mai wuya kawai. AI wani lokaci yana tsalle kai tsaye zuwa PPE kuma ya tsallake matakan tsaro; Wajibi ne a gyara wannan.
Rikicin haɗari shima yana buƙatar kulawa. Ana rage haɗarin sau da yawa zuwa lamba yayin da yuwuwar ta ninka da tsananin (misali, akan sikelin 1-5, yuwuwar 4, tsananin 5 → haɗari 20, babba). Amma wannan lambar na iya zama mai ɓarna: haɗari mai wuya amma mai haɗari (ƙananan yuwuwar, tsananin tsananin) ba za a taɓa yin watsi da shi ba, koda kuwa yana ba da ƙarancin ninka. AI na iya haifar da ƙima da ƙima da ƙima kuma ta rage haɗarin haɗari saboda ƙarancin yuwuwar. Don haka kar a amince da sakamakon ninkawa a makance; Haɗu da kowane haɗari tare da yuwuwar asarar rai tare da taka tsantsan, ba tare da la'akari da maki ba. Tabbatar kuma cika ginshiƙi na "raguwar haɗari" bayan yin taka tsantsan: ko haɗarin ya ragu zuwa matakin da aka yarda da shi bayan an yi taka-tsantsan shine babban dalilin ƙimar haɗarin kuma wannan hukunci na ƙwararren OHS ne.
Hankali: Kima hadarin OHS takarda ce ta doka kuma dole ne a yi shi bisa ga ainihin wurin da ainihin hanyar masana'anta. Binciken haɗari na "generic" wanda AI ya haifar shine farkon farawa; Kwararre na OHS ne kawai wanda ke bincika takamaiman haɗari (ƙasa na wurin ginin, tsarin makwabta, yanayi, kayan aiki) a wurin zai iya ƙara su. Sa hannu da rataya bugu na AI babban alhaki ne.
Rauni Mai Sauƙi / Ƙarfi Mai ƙarfi
RAUNI: "Rubuta nazarin haɗari don ginin ginin." na farko a ƙarshen) - Kada ku yi tsalle zuwa PPE kawai;
Tabbatar da fitowar AI
Matsayin matakan. Shin AI tana ba da shawarar matakan manyan matakan (injiniya) da farko, ko kuma nan da nan ta yi tsalle zuwa PPE? Matakan gama gari kamar titin tsaro, dandamali, tarun tsaro da sauransu yakamata su ɗauki fifiko akan kowane PPE.
Gaskiyar fili. AI yana lissafin hatsarori gabaɗaya da kyau, amma ba zai iya sanin haɗarin takamaiman wurin ginin ba (kusancin ginin maƙwabta, layin ƙasa, kunkuntar wurin aiki). Masanin ya kara da wadannan.
Yarda da tsari. Shin matakan sun bi ka'idodin OSH da suka dace? AI na iya ba da bayanan da suka gabata ko na gabaɗaya; Ana buƙatar tabbaci daga dokokin yanzu.
Kammalawa. AI na iya tsallake wasu matakan aiki ko haɗari. Bincika cewa lissafin ayyuka ya cika.
sarrafawa
Abin da za a nema
kuskure akai-akai
Matsayin matakan
Shin aikin gama kai ne kafin PPE?
Tsalle kai tsaye zuwa PPE
gaskiyar filin
Shin akwai wasu haɗari musamman ga wurin ginin?
zaman jama'a
doka
Shin yana bin dokokin OSH na yanzu?
Bayanin da ya ƙare / ɓacewa
cikakkiya
An rufe duk matakan aiki?
tsallake mataki
Nauyi
An samu amincewar ƙwararru?
amfani da unsigned
Mini Cases guda uku
Hali na 1 - Ma'aunin iyaye da aka cire. AI kai tsaye yana cewa "bel ɗin aminci da za a sa" (PPE) don yin aiki a tsayi, amma ya tsallake matakan gama kai kamar titin tsaro da tarun tsaro. Kwararre na OHS ya fara ba da umarnin kariya ta gefe (rails) kuma yana ƙara PPE azaman ma'auni. Gyaran matsayi yana samar da tsari mafi aminci.
Case 2 - Haɗarin takamaiman rukunin yanar gizo. Binciken haɗarin hakowa na AI ya haɗa da haɗarin rushewa gabaɗaya, amma bai san nauyin tushe na tsohon ginin da ke kusa da wannan wurin ginin ba. Masanin yana ƙara shoring (tallafin hakowa) da matakan sa ido a cikin tono kusa da tsarin makwabta. Binciken kan-site yana ɗaukar haɗari mai mahimmanci wanda jita-jita gabaɗaya ta ɓace.
Hali na 3 - Tattaunawar Akwatin Kayan aiki. Don tattaunawar akwatin kayan aiki na yau da kullun (gajeren lafiyar filin), shugaban ma'aikatan jirgin ya nemi AI don ɗan gajeren rubutu na musamman ga aikin ranar (ɗagawa). AI yana samar da tsari mai sauƙi, mai fahimta; Shugaban yana ƙara kuma yana amfani da takamaiman gargaɗin shafi (iska, ba tsayawa ƙarƙashin kaya). Ƙananan haɗari, amfani mai sauri.
Hali na 4 - Maki marar kuskure. A cikin nazarin haɗari, AI ta ƙididdige haɗarin ƙananan, yana mai cewa "yiwuwar ta yi ƙasa" don hayewa mai tafiya kusa da rami mai zurfi. Duk da haka, ƙwararren OSH yana ganin cewa sakamakon da zai yiwu (ana binne shi a ƙarƙashin tarkace) yana da mutuwa; Wannan haɗari, wanda ke da tsananin gaske, ba za a iya yin watsi da shi ba duk da ƙarancin yuwuwar. Masanin yana ƙara shinge na jiki da matakan rufe wuri ta hanyar kallon nauyin sakamakon, ba sakamakon ninka ba. Darasi: haɗarin haɗari masu yuwuwa suna buƙatar babban aiki, ba tare da la'akari da maki ba.
Samfuran gaggawar da za a iya kwafi
KYAUTATA SAMUN SAUKI: "Sake tsara matakan da aka ba da shawarar a cikin kimantawar haɗari mai zuwa bisa ga matsayi: 1) kawar da 2) maye gurbin 3) aikin injiniya / ma'auni (ma'auni, net, dandamali) 4) ma'auni na gudanarwa 5) PPE. Alama wuraren da ke tsalle kai tsaye zuwa PPE kuma bayar da shawarar mataki mai girma] Rubutu: [papaste mataki]."
TOOLBOX TALK PROMP: "Rubuta 5-minti, taƙaitaccen daftarin akwatin kayan aiki (amincin filin yau da kullun) magana don ayyukan ginin ginin yau '[aikin]'. Babban haɗari na 3, matakan da za a ɗauka da abin da ake tsammani daga ƙungiyar. Bar wani abu mara kyau don ME don ƙara takamaiman gargadin shafi. "
GASKIYA TASKAR KASANCEWAR SHAFIN KYAUTA: "Kun ba da cikakken nazarin haɗarin haɗari. Yanzu, jera nau'ikan haɗari waɗanda zasu iya zama takamaiman ga wannan wurin ginin da kuma waɗanda ƙila ba ku sani ba (tsarin maƙwabta, ƙasa / ruwa, layin ƙasa, kunkuntar sarari, iska, zirga-zirga) a matsayin kanun labarai don mu iya bincika kowannensu akan wurin kuma mu cika su."
Kuskuren gama gari
- Ketare tsarin kulawa da ba da shawarar kai tsaye / karɓar PPE.
- Rashin cika ƙididdigar haɗarin AI gabaɗaya tare da takamaiman haɗari na rukunin yanar gizo.
- Rashin tabbatar da matakan daidai da dokokin OSH na yanzu.
- Barin wasu matakan aiki ko haɗari sun ɓace.
- Sa hannu da amfani da fitar AI ba tare da amincewar ƙwararren OHS ba.
- Sanya makin haɗari (yiwuwar/nauyin tsanani) daga ƙima na gaskiya.
A takaice
- Takardun OHS suna ɗaukar alhakin doka; Fitowar AI baya aiki ba tare da amincewar ƙwararru ba.
- Ƙaddamar da ƙimar haɗari tare da matsayi na haɗari, yuwuwar, tsanani da taka tsantsan.
- A cikin ma'auni na matakan, matakan haɗin gwiwa / injiniya sun zo gaban PPE.
- AI ya lissafa haɗarin gama gari da kyau; Kwararre yana ƙara takamaiman haɗarin yanar gizo.
- Tabbatar da matakan daga dokokin OSH na yanzu.
- AI yana haɓaka rubutun ƙananan haɗari kamar Akwatin Kayan aiki da umarni; Masanin ilimin haɗari ya tabbatar.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Zaɓi aikin wurin gini (misali aiki a tsayi, tono ƙasa, craning). Tambayi AI don tsara kimanta haɗarin haɗari tare da ginshiƙai don haɗari, yuwuwar, tsananin, yin taka tsantsan, da sauran haɗarin; Faɗa masa ya jera ma'auni a cikin matsayi kuma saita masu tuni don takamaiman wuraren. Sa'an nan: (1) duba cewa matakan sun dace da matsayi (na farko na farko), (2) ƙara akalla haɗari guda biyu na takamaiman rukunin yanar gizon, (3) tabbatar da matakan tare da dokokin yanzu, (4) duba duk matakan aiki da suka ɓace. Lura cewa takardar tana buƙatar amincewar ƙwararru.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] Na ayyana aikin tare da haɗari, yuwuwar, tsanani, da taka tsantsan.
- [ ] Na duba cewa matakan sun dace da matsayi (na gama gari/injiniya ta farko).
- [ ] Na ƙara ƙayyadaddun haɗari na rukunin yanar gizo ga daftarin.
- [ ] Na tabbatar da matakan daga dokokin OSH na yanzu.
- [ ] Na tabbatar da cewa an rufe duk matakan aiki.
- [ ] Na kimanta ƙimar haɗarin da gaske.
- [ ] Na ba da takardar ga amincewar ƙwararren / injiniya na OHS.