AI na njikarịcha ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na usoro nhazi — Ọgụgụ isi Artificial na Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

Uru:

Ikike ịhazi austenitizing, quenching na tempering paramita na AI dabere na njirimara ebumnuche yana chepụta matriks nnwale.
Ikike iji nyochaa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti hardenability (Jominy), CCT / TTT curves na tempering parameters na AI nkwado
Ikike iji nwalee usoro nhazi ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke AI akwadoro na ọkọlọtọ, eziokwu ọkụ na nnwale nkwado

Iberibe abụọ nke otu ígwè nwere ike ịbụ otu na-agbanwe dị ka mmiri na nke ọzọ na-egbuke egbuke dị ka iko naanị n'ihi na a na-emeso ha okpomọkụ dị iche iche. Ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ bụ usoro nke na-agbanwe microstructure na ya mere ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ihe ahụ site na ikpo ọkụ ma mee ka ọ dị jụụ n'ụzọ a na-achịkwa. The ahụkarị okirikiri na steels mejupụtara austenitizing (na-ebute austenite na-adọ na elu okpomọkụ), quenching (ngwa ngwa jụrụ na akpụ martensite) na tempering (ịdị nro na martensite na inweta ike) nzọụkwụ. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na ogologo oge nke usoro ndị a na-ekpebi ike na ike ezubere iche. AI na-eme ngwa ngwa guzobe uzommeputa izizi dabere na njirimara ebumnuche, chepụta matriks nnwale, na ịkọwa akụkụ. Otú ọ dị, ọkụ ọkụ eziokwu, akụkụ ọkpụrụkpụ na hardenability na-eme ka uzommeputa dị iche na akwụkwọ; Ọ nweghị ike ịbanye na mmepụta oke ruo mgbe akwadoro usoro nhazi ọ bụla na mpempe ule.

Echiche ndị bụ isi nke ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na ọrụ AI

Ike siri ike: Kedu ka igwe nwere ike isi sie ike mgbe emenyụ ya. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke carbon na-ekpebi ọkwa nke ike, na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe (Cr, Mo, Ni) na-ekpebi omimi nke hardening. Nnwale Jominy na-akọwapụta ike ike site n'ịfesa mmiri n'otu nsọtụ nke ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ wee tụọ ka ike siri ebelata na anya.
TTT na CCT akụkụ: TTT (Oge-Okpomọkụ-Ngbanwe: mgbanwe na okpomọkụ mgbe niile) na CCT (Na-aga n'ihu na-ajụ oyi: mgbanwe na-aga n'ihu na-ajụ oyi) ihe mgbagwoju anya na-egosi nke microstructure (perlite, bainite, martensite) ga-etolite n'ụdị dị jụụ. Ọ bụ map nke nhazi nhazi.
Ntụle okpomọkụ: Okpomọkụ dị elu na-ebelata ike mana ọ na-abawanye ike. Ebumnuche bụ iji nweta nguzozi a dịka ngwa ahụ si dị.

AI dị ike n'ịkụzi echiche ndị a, na-ewepụta usoro a ga-achọ dabere na ike nke ebumnuche, yana ịkwado matrix nnwale (nchịkọta okpomọkụ / oge dị iche iche). Ma n'ezie ọnọdụ nke CCT curve na-adabere na kpọmkwem mejupụtara nke ígwè; Usoro nke AI 'chetara n'isi' abụghị akụkụ nke pati gị n'ezie.

NDỤMỌDỤ: Mgbe ị na-atụle usoro nhazi ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, jụọ mgbe niile gbasara ọkpụrụkpụ nkebi. Ngwunye nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ihe nlele dị mkpa enweghị ike iru n'etiti etiti dị oke (mmetụta oke); etiti na-anọgide nro. Nye AI akụkụ kachasị oke nke akụkụ ahụ tupu ịrịọ maka ndenye ọgwụ.

Nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ: Ịmepụta usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na AI

Kọwaa ebumnuche: ike/ike siri ike ebumnuche, na mpaghara nke, dịka ọkọlọtọ si dị (dịka isi ike elu 55-60 HRC).
Nye ihe na akụkụ obe: Ụdị ígwè (dịka AISI 4140), akụkụ obe kachasị njọ, ọnọdụ dị ugbu a.
Rịọ skeleton nri: Rịọ AI maka uzommeputa izizi na izi ezi maka ime ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ/oge dịkwuo elu, na-emenyụ ọkara na oke ọkụ.
Hazie matriks nnwale: Chepụta matriks nke na-agbanwe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ n'ọtụtụ usoro (dịka 200/400/550 Celsius).
Tinye ma tụọ: Tinye na mpempe ule wee tụọ ike na obere ihe.
Nyochaa wee họrọ: Tulee nsonaazụ ya na ebumnuche na ọkọlọtọ, mechaa ndenye ọgwụ.

Matriks nnwale na nnwale emebere (DoE)

Kama ịnwale paramita ọ bụla n'otu n'otu, nnwale emebere (DoE) na-ewepụta nsonaazụ nke ọtụtụ paramita yana obere ọnụọgụ ule. AI na-enyere aka n'ịtụpụta matriks DoE (dịka ọmụmaatụ zuru oke ma ọ bụ Taguchi) na ịkọwa nsonaazụ ya. N'okpuru bụ matrix tempering dị mfe maka AISI 4140 (austenitizing 845 Celsius C, mmanụ na-emenyụ mgbe niile).

ikpe

tempering okpomọkụ

Usoro isi ike tụrụ anya

Ọchịchọ satiety tụrụ anya ya

nkwenye

200 Celsius C

Elu (~ 52-55 HRC)

ala

HRC + Charpy

400 Celsius C

Ọkara (~ 45-48 HRC)

ọkara

HRC + Charpy

550 Celsius C

Dị ala (~ 34-38 HRC)

elu

HRC + Charpy

300 Celsius C

(ihe ize ndụ nke iwe iwe)

mkpa ịlele

Charpy + microstructure

Rịba ama: Njikọ ~ 260-370 °C dị na ahịrị D na-ebu ihe ize ndụ nke "mmetụta ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ" na ụfọdụ ígwè; AI nwere ike icheta nke a, mana nnwale Charpy ga-enyocharịrị omume n'ezie. Oghere isi ike dị na tebụl bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, ọ bụghị ụkpụrụ ziri ezi.

Obere ikpe atọ

Ikpe 1 - Mass mmetụta eleghara anya. Otu ogbako na-emetụta ndenye ọgwụ AI nke "845 °C austenite, quench na mmanụ, na-atụ anya 55 HRC" maka ogwe Ø80 mm mere nke 4140. Elu na-apụta na 54 HRC, mana etiti bụ naanị 32 HRC; n'ihi na na nnukwu ngalaba, mmanụ quenching enweghị ike inye zuru ezu jụrụ oyi na etiti. Ebe ọ bụ na AI ajụghị maka ọkpụrụkpụ nke ngalaba na ogbako ahụ enyeghị ya, ndenye ọgwụ ezughị ezu. Ụzọ ziri ezi bụ inye akụkụ obe ma tụlee ígwè siri ike dị elu (dịka 4340) ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi na-emenyụ ike ma lelee data Jominy.

Ikpe 2 - Matriks ziri ezi, nhọrọ ziri ezi. Otu otu chọrọ ma isi ike zuru oke yana ike a na-anabata maka onye na-egbu osisi. Ọ na-arịọ AI maka matriks nwere okpomọkụ tempering atọ dị ka n'elu. A / B / C na-etinye aka na mpempe ikpe; A na-ahụ na 400 Celsius C na-enye 46 HRC na ike Charpy zuru oke. Ndị otu ahụ na-ahọrọ uzommeputa B ma na-akwado iwe ọkụ martensite na microstructure. AI haziri matriks ahụ, ejiri data ule mee mkpebi.

Ikpe 3 - iwe iwe ọkụ jidere. Onye injinia na-ajụ AI 300 Celsius C tempering maka ọnụ ala dị ala; AI na-ekwu na band a na-ebute ihe ize ndụ nke iwe iwe na ụfọdụ ígwè alloy na ekwesịrị iji Charpy lelee ya. Onye injinia na-atụnyere 300 Celsius C na 450 Celsius; Ọ na-ahụ na mmetụta siri ike dị ala karịa ka a tụrụ anya na 300 Celsius ma mee ka ọ dịkwuo 450 Celsius. AI buru ụzọ gosipụta ihe ize ndụ, nnwale gosipụtara. Ihe nkuzi: Ọbụna ịdọ aka ná ntị nke AI na-anwale site na nnwale, mana ịdọ aka ná ntị ahụ na-eme ka e guzobe nnwale ziri ezi.

Ndebiri ozugbo enwere ike iṅomi

Okpomọkụ usoro nri SKELETON TEMPLATE "Ọrụ: Ị bụ onye inyeaka okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ engineer. Steel: [eg. AISI 4140]. Thickest ngalaba: [mm]. Ugbu a ọnọdụ: [...] .Target: [elu elu hardness HRC / toughness / zone].Nye m a tempering START uzommeputa na ziri ezi maka a quenchitning. Kọwaa otú ike siri ike ga-esi gbanwee nsonaazụ a;

MATRIX OF EXPERIMENTS (DoE) TEMPLATE "Achọrọ m ịkwalite ihe ndị a: [okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, oge ...]. Mpụta ihe mgbaru ọsọ: [ike, siri ike]. Na-atụ aro m matrix nnwale (factorial / Taguchi) nke na-ekewa mmetụta na ule ole na ole. Detuo ihe nha (HRC, Charpy, microstructure) ga-eme ihe n'ihe ize ndụ (HRC, Charpy, microstructure). band)."

JOMINY / HARDENABILITY TEMPLATE "Enwere m data Jominy ndị a: [pasent- hardness pairs]. Na-ekwu maka ike siri ike nke ígwè a: otú siri ike na-ebelata na anya, ruo n'ókè nke akụkụ nke m nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ike ikwado? Olee otú o si emetụta nhọrọ nke quenching ọkara? Chetara m iji nyochaa kpọmkwem ókè site nnwale. "

CCT/TTT TEMPLATE "Kwuo okwu CCT n'usoro maka ígwè ndị a: [steel/composition]. Microstructure Target: [martensite / bainite]. Kedu ihe dị jụụ chọrọ iji nweta microstructure a na ihe nkwụsị ọkụ ga-enye ya? Kwupụta na ebe ọ dị n'ezie na-adabere n'ụzọ ziri ezi na a ga-enyocha ya na batch m."

Ngwa ngwa adịghị ike / Ike siri ike

EKWU IKE: "Olee otu m ga-esi mee ka ígwè 4140 sie ike?"

IKE KWESỊRỊ: "Ọrụ: Ị bụ onye inyeaka okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ engineer. Part: AISI 4140, thickest ngalaba Ø80 mm, gia aro. Target: 50-54 HRC n'elu, isi ike siri ike dị ka o kwere mee na center, ezi ike siri ike. Nye m uzommeputa mbụ maka austenitizing + quenching + mmịpụta Ø ma EFFE0 siri ike na etiti etiti, ma EFFE0. ngalaba "Kwawara. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, tụọ aro nchara ọzọ nwere ike siri ike dị elu. Dee nha nke m ga-eji nyochaa uzommeputa na mpempe ikpe. Ekwela nkwa na ị siri ike."

Ngwa ngwa na-adịghị ike na-emepụta nzaghachi n'ozuzu nke na-amaghị ihe gbara ya gburugburu na ebumnuche. The ike ngwa ngwa na-enye cross-ngalaba na lekwasịrị anya, n'ụzọ doro anya ajụjụ uka mmetụta, na-arịọ maka ọzọ, na-achọ nkwenye nha - na-eweta akwụkwọ ntuziaka nso n'ezie ọkụ ọnọdụ.

Mmejọ ndị nkịtị

Ịrịọ ndenye ọgwụ na-enyeghị oke akụkụ (mmetụta oke); na-akpụ akpụ na mkpa sample uru na oké akụkụ.
Na-emehie ụzọ CCT/TTT "buru n'isi" dị ka ezigbo usoro nke nnọkọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ gị.
Ịhọrọ eriri embrittlement tempering (~ 260-370 Celsius C na ụfọdụ nchara) na-enyochaghị ya.
Na-atụ ike mana anaghị atụ ike (Charpy); ha abụọ na-agbanwe n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ.
Itinye usoro nri AI n'ime mmepụta oke na-akwadoghị ya na mpempe ikpe.
Na-echeghị na eziokwu nke oven (okpomọkụ edo edo, n'ezie jụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi).

Na nchịkọta

Na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, AI na-ewuli usoro nhazi usoro dabere na njirimara ebumnuche, chepụta matrix nke nnwale (DoE) ma kọwaa data Jominy / CCT / TTT. Otú ọ dị, ihe ga-esi na ya pụta na-adabere na oke akụkụ, ike ike na ọnọdụ oven; Agaghị ewere usoro nhazi ọ bụla bụrụ ihe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya ruo mgbe ejiri ike na microstructure kwadoro ya (na Charpy siri ike ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa) na mpempe ikpe. Jụọ mgbe niile gbasara nsonaazụ oke, tụọ ike na isi ike ọnụ, wee lelee eriri okpomọkụ dị ize ndụ site na nnwale.

Ọrụ ngwa

Họrọ nchara (dịka AISI 4140 ma ọ bụ 4340) na ọkpụrụkpụ ngalaba nwere ezi uche. Site na ndebiri “SEKELETON”, nweta uzommeputa maka ike siri ike sitere na AI wee jụọ ya ka ọ kọwaa nsonaazụ oke. Wee guzobe matriks nwere okpomoku atọ na template “EXPERIMENT MATRIX”, dee ihe ị ga-eme na nnwale ọ bụla wee kaa akara n'ihe egwu nke iwe iwe. N'ikpeazụ, kwupụta n'otu paragraf ọkọlọtọ nke ị ga-enyocha usoro nhazi (ule ike na ike siri ike).

ndetu

[] Akọwapụtara m ebumnuche ike / isi ike, mpaghara na ọkọlọtọ.
[] Enyere m akụkụ kachasị oke ma were mmetụta dị ukwuu n'uche.
[] M jụrụ mgbagha mgbagha nke hardenability (Jominy) na CCT/TTT.
[] Etinyere m matriks nnwale wee hazie nha nnwale ọ bụla.
[ ] E nyere m akara okpomọkụ dị ize ndụ (iwe ọkụ ọkụ).
[] Ekwenyere m usoro nhazi ahụ na ike na ike siri ike na mpempe ikpe ahụ, wee tinye ya n'ime mmepụta ihe.