Uru:
- Ikike iji tụọ ọnụọgụ dị ka nha ọka, oke akụkụ na porosity sitere na onyonyo microstructure nwere nhazi onyonyo yana AI.
- Ikike ịhazi nkewa nke ọma, nkwụsị na nhazi usoro ma gbochie njehie ọnụ ọgụgụ
- Ikike ị gafeta nkọwa microstructure AI site na usoro metallography ọkọlọtọ yana nlebanya ọkachamara.
A na-ezobe ndụ siri ike, ike na ike ọgwụgwụ nke ígwè n'ime microstructure ya, nke a na-adịghị ahụ anya na anya gba ọtọ: nha ọka, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oge, porosity (ihe efu), inclusions (oxide / sọlfọ residues na metal) na nkesa nke precipitates. Metallography bụ sayensị nke na-enyocha ihe n'okpuru microscope site n'ịcha, ihicha na etching (kemịkalụ etching elu na ime ka a na-ahụ anya). Metallography nke ọnụọgụ na-atụ ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ (ọnụọgụ nha ọka, pacenti nkeji, oke porosity) site na onyonyo ndị a. Ọgụgụ isi na nhazi onyonyo nwere ike ibelata awa nke ịgụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka na nkeji; mana ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ezighi ezi ma ọ bụ nkewa na-adịghị mma na-eme ka ọnụọgụgụ niile ezighi ezi. Na ngalaba a, ị ga-amụta otu esi eji AI na nhazi onyonyo tụọ onyonyo ma chọpụta nha ọ bụla.
Nzọụkwụ ndị bụ isi nke nha dabere na onyonyo
Na quantitative metallography, ọ bụla nha na-agafe n'otu yinye; Ọ bụrụ na mgbanaka ga-agbaji, ihe ga-esi na ya pụta agaghị atụkwasị obi:
- Àgwà onyonyo: elekwasị anya, ọkụ na àgwà etching. N'ime ihe nlele na-adịghị mma, oke na-agbaji.
- Nhazi: Ịtụgharị ogwe ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ọ bụrụ pikselụ. Kedu micrometer ole bụ pikselụ ọ bụla? Ọ bụrụ na awụpụ nzọụkwụ a, nha nha dum ga-apụta n'ogo na-ezighi ezi.
- Nkeji: Kewaa onyonyo n'ime mpaghara mmasị - nke pixel bụ ọka, nke pixel bụ oke, nke pixel bụ porosity.
- Nkwadebe: Nkewa nkewa/oghere nwere ụda isi awọ ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụzọ agba. Ọ bụrụ na akụkụ abụọ nwere nchapụta dị iche iche, ọnụ ụzọ na-ekewa ha.
- Nleta na ọnụ ọgụgụ: Ngụkọta ọka, oke mpaghara, ngụkọta nkesa nha.
Ngwá ọrụ AI kwadoro (ụdị akụkụ nke mmụta miri emi zụrụ azụ) na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa ọnụ ụzọ dị mfe, ọkachasị n'ụdị mgbagwoju anya, ọtụtụ usoro. Mana ngalaba AI bụkwa amụma; nha nha na ntule nke nsonaazụ ya na usoro ọkọlọtọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, nha ọka ASTM E112, ọnụọgụ ntụpọ ASTM E562) bụ iwu.
Nlebara anya: Mmejọ a na-ahụkarị na nke dị aghụghọ bụ ichefu ịhazi nha. Onyonyo a nwere ike ịdị ka "mma" n'ụdị ọnụọgụ, mana ọ bụrụ na ntụgharị pixel-to-micrometer ezighi ezi, nha ọka ga-abụ 25 µm kama 8 µm ma ị gaghị ahụ ya. Malite oge nha ọ bụla site n'ịkwado nhazi.
Nzọụkwụ site na nzọụkwụ: nha microstructure na-akwado AI
- Kọwaa ebumnuche: Gịnị ka ị na-atụ? Nha ọka, oke akụkụ ma ọ bụ porosity? Site n'ụkpụrụ dị aṅaa?
- Calibrate: Tulee ogologo pikselụ nke ogwe ọnụ ọgụgụ, gbakọọ nha µm/pixel wee tinye ya n'ime ngwa ọrụ.
- Usoro tupu usoro: Ndozi ọdịiche, mbelata mkpọtụ. Jụọ AI nke nzacha dabara adaba.
- Nkeji/ọnụ ụzọ: Usoro ma ọ bụ oghere dị iche iche; Lelee anya na ejidere oke ndị ahụ nke ọma.
- Nleta: Oke mpaghara, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọka, pụtara na nkesa.
- Nyochaa: Jiri aka tulee nsonaazụ ya na usoro ọkọlọtọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ intercept vs nha ọka); Tinyegharịa n'ọtụtụ onyonyo.
Nha ọka, oke akụkụ na porosity
Nha ọka bụ nkezi nha nke ọka kristal nke ihe; Obere ọka n'ozuzu na-enye ike na ike dị elu (mmekọrịta Ụlọ-Petch). A na-egosi ya site na ASTM E112 nọmba nha ọka G; Ka G na-abawanye, ọka na-adị ntakịrị. Usoro nhazi bụ pasent olu / mpaghara nke usoro ọ bụla na nhazi abụọ ma ọ bụ multiphase (dịka ọmụmaatụ, nguzozi ferrite-austenite bụ nke ezubere maka ~ 50/50% na igwe anaghị agba nchara). Porosity bụ oke oghere nke gas ma ọ bụ mbelata na nkedo na-ebute ma na-ebelata nke ukwuu ndụ ike ọgwụgwụ.
nha
usoro ọkọlọtọ
Onyinye nhazi ihe onyonyo/AI
nkwenye siri ike
Nha ọka (G)
ASTM E112 njikọ / ntụnyere
Nchọpụta oke na agụta akpaaka
Calibration + njikwa ụzọ ntupu akwụkwọ ntuziaka
Oke usoro (%)
ASTM E562 ntụpọ ntụpọ
Oke mpaghara nwere ọnụ ụzọ
Etching uniformity, ọnụ ụzọ nhọrọ
Ọgba aghara (%)
Nyocha ihe onyonyo ASTM E1245
Nkewa oghere
ịkpa oke ihe arụrụ arụ
nsonye
ASTM E45
Nhazi ụdị/nkesa
ntụnyere ndebiri ntụnyere
Obere ikpe atọ
Ikpe 1 - nha ọka na-enweghị nhazi. Onye ọkachamara na-ebu ihe onyonyo microstructure n'ime ngwa AI kwadoro ma nwee nha ọka; Nsonaazụ bụ 6µm. Agbanyeghị, ewepụtara onyonyo a na mmụba 200x kama ịbụ 500x, yana nhazi nhazi oge gara aga (500x) ka nọ na ngwa ahụ. Nha ọka n'ezie bụ ~ 15 µm. Uru ezighi ezi na-eduhiekwa ntule ike site na Hall-Petch. Onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ na-abanye n'omume nke ịmegharị ihe nrịbama na nnọkọ ọ bụla. Ihe nkuzi: nhazigharị bụ ihe nlele na mmụba akọwapụtara na enweghị ike ibufe ya.
Ikpe 2 - Etching artifact e mehiere maka nkeji. A na-atụ nha ferrite/austenite na igwe anaghị agba nchara. Emehie ihe nrịba ama ntụpọ gbara ọchịchịrị na mpaghara ferrite, na-enye oke nke 62% ferrite; ebe nguzozi n'ezie bụ ~ 48%. Oke ferrite na-emepụta mkpu ụgha gbasara corrosion na ike siri ike. Onye na-ahụ maka metallurgist ahụ na-achọpụta njehie ahụ mgbe ọ kwadochara oge etching wee lelee ọtụtụ mpaghara na-agụta ntụpọ ntuziaka. nkuzi: ogbenye sample nkwadebe nzuzu ọbụna kasị mma algọridim — mkpofu na, ahịhịa si.
Ikpe 3 - Ojiji ziri ezi, maapụ porosity. Ndị otu nkedo na-achọ ịlele ọnụego porosity na mpaghara obe nke akụkụ aluminom. Ụdị nkewa nke AI na-ekewa ngwa ngwa ma na-enye map nkesa na 2.3% porosity. Ndị otu ahụ na-elele anya na ncha nke na-apụta n'oge a na-ekpochapụ ihie ụzọ, na-akwado nsonaazụ ya dị ka ASTM E1245 si kwuo, wee hụ na porosity ahụ gbadoro ụkwụ na mpaghara nri ma na-emezi nhazi nkedo. AI wetara ọsọ ọsọ, e mere mkpebi site na ọkọlọtọ na nleba anya.
Ndebiri ozugbo enwere ike iṅomi
Atụmatụ Amụma "Ọrụ: Ị bụ onye inyeaka nke metallography nke ọnụọgụgụ. Nzube: tụọ [ha nha nha / nkeji oge / porosity]. Ihe: [...]. Ịkwalite: [...]. Standard: [eg ASTM E112]. Nye m usoro nha nke nzọụkwụ site na nzọụkwụ: nkwadebe sample, etching, CALIBRATION scale, calibration, calibration, resegment. dị ka nzọụkwụ mbụ na nke iwu kwadoro, Gwa m usoro ọkọlọtọ iji aka nyochaa.
Nlele nlele nke ngalaba "Enweela m [usoro / ọdịiche] na foto microstructure. Depụta isi ihe ndị nwere ike ịgahie: etch artifact, polishing scratch, out-of-field, overlapping boundaries. Dee otu esi elele nke ọ bụla na otu esi edozi ya. Kedu ihe nlele anya ka m ga-eme tupu ịnakwere nsonaazụ?"
TEMPLATE ASTM E112 GRAIN SIZE INTERPRETATION TEMPLATE "M tụrụ ASTM E112 grain size G = [uru], magnification [x] . Kọwaa otú uru G nke a si kwekọọ na njedebe nke ọkara ọka na mmetụta ya na ike n'ihe gbasara Hall-Petch. Chetara m na uru G na-adabere na calibration; gwa m nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ otu esi achọpụta nsonaazụ intersection. "
PYTHON IMAGE PROCESSING SKELETON TEMPLATE "Ọrụ: Ị bụ onye inyeaka koodu nhazi ihe oyiyi. Dee koodu skeleton nke na-agbakọ usoro nhazi oge na foto microstructure na scikit-image: (1) µm/pixel variable EXPRESSLY na top for scale calibration, (2) convert to 3, 5th (thread) Na-ebipụta nsonaazụ. Tinye nkọwa na usoro nke ọ bụla Ezipụta n'ime koodu na uru na nhazi ya ga-eji aka.
Ngwa ngwa adịghị ike / Ike siri ike
EKWU IKE: "Gwa m oke ọka nke microstructure a."
IKE KWESỊRỊ: "Ọrụ: Ị bụ onye enyemaka metallography quantitative. Achọrọ m ịlele nha ọka dịka ASTM E112 si kwuo. Image 500x, scale bar 50 µm = 240pixel (ie 0.208 µm/pixel). Nye m usoro iji gbakọọ nha ọka site na linear intersection, gwa m usoro iji gbakọọ nha nha site linear intersection, gwa m usoro iji gbakọọ nha nha site linear intersection. Nọmba G. Achọrọ m nyochaa nhazi ahụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala "Chetara m na m ga-emegharị ya na mpaghara 3 dị iche iche. Ị nweghị ike 'ịgụ' nsonaazụ ikpeazụ; megharịa usoro ahụ."
Ngwa ngwa na-adịghị ike na-arịọ AI ka ọ "gụọ" onyonyo a - mana AI amaghị oke na etching ma nwee ike wepụta nọmba emebere. Ngwa ngwa dị ike na-eme ka nhazi ahụ pụta ìhè, na-arịọ maka usoro ọkọlọtọ, chọrọ ugboro ugboro na nkwenye, ma jiri AI dị ka ngwá ọrụ nhazi usoro, ọ bụghị nha.
Mmejọ ndị nkịtị
- Echefu ịhazi nha nha ma ọ bụ jiri nhazi nhazi oge gara aga.
- Na-adabere na nkewa na-enweghị mezie etching ọjọọ / na-abụghị uwe.
- Na-emehie ọkọchị ma ọ bụ unyi maka porosity/phase.
- Nleta site na otu mpaghara na nchikota na ihe nlele dum; ọnụ ọgụgụ chọrọ ọtụtụ ubi.
- Na-eche na AI ahụla "ahụla" ihe oyiyi ahụ ma jiri ya na-egosighị ọnụ ọgụgụ ọ na-enye.
- Ịnabata nsonaazụ nkewa na-enyochaghị ya anya.
Na nchịkọta
Na quantitative metallography, AI na nhazi onyonyo na-eme ka nha ọka dị ngwa ngwa, nha nke usoro na nha porosity ma mee ka akụkụ dị ike nke akụkụ dị mgbagwoju anya. Agbanyeghị, izi ezi nke nsonaazụ ya dabere na nhazi nha nha, ezigbo nkwadebe nlele, yana nkwado site na usoro ọkọlọtọ (ASTM E112/E562/E1245). Mee nhazi ọkwa nke mbụ, nyochaa nkewa site na anya, kwugharịa n'ọtụtụ mpaghara, wee jiri AI dị ka ngwá ọrụ na-emepụta usoro nha ma dee koodu ahụ, ọ bụghị nke "na-agụ" onyinyo ahụ.
Ọrụ ngwa
Were foto microstructure (nlele nke gị ma ọ bụ ihe nlele nkuzi) na uru mmanya ọnụ ọgụgụ. Site na ndebiri "PYTHON IMAGE PROCESSING SKELETON", jụọ AI maka koodu na-agbakọ oke mpaghara mpaghara; Gbaa mbọ hụ na nhazi µm/pixel nọ n'elu wee gbanye ya na koodu. Gbaa koodu ahụ wee tulee oke mpaghara ga-esi na ya na agụta akwụkwọ ntuziaka (grid 10x10) n'otu onyonyo ahụ. Dee ihe dị iche n'etiti nsonaazụ abụọ ahụ na ihe nwere ike ịkpata ya (nhọrọ ọnụ ụzọ, artifact) n'otu paragraf.
ndetu
- [] Adokwasịrị m ogwe ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ka ọ bụrụ pikselụ wee nyochaa ya na nnọkọ ọ bụla.
- Achọpụtara m na nkwadebe etching/sample bụ otu.
- [] M na-elele anya na nsonaazụ nkewa/nkwụsị wee wepụ ihe arịa.
- [] M kwughachiri nha na opekata mpe mpaghara dị iche iche.
- [ ] Ejikwara m usoro ọkọlọtọ (E112/E562/E1245) nyochaa nsonaazụ ya.
- [ ] M na-eji AI dị ka usoro na koodu ngwá ọrụ, ọ bụghị dị ka "onye na-agụ" ihe oyiyi.