Uru:
- Ikike idowe AI n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'ọnọdụ ibu, ọnọdụ oke yana nkọwa nsonaazụ na ọmụmụ ihe oke (FEA)
- Ikike inyocha njikarịcha topology na nhọrọ ihe mejupụtara maka mbelata ibu site na nkwado AI
- Ikike iji nyochaa ihe nchekwa, ndụ ike ọgwụgwụ na mmebi nnabata site na ngụkọta nke onwe
Usoro ụgbọ elu nwere otu ọrụ: iburu ibu niile edepụtara n'ime oke nchekwa anabatara n'oge ndụ ya a tụrụ anya ya; na ime nke a na obere uka. Na ụgbọ elu, kilogram ọ bụla agbakwunyere pụtara mgbakwunye mmanụ ọkụ na-ere ọkụ ogologo ndụ yana ibu nke enweghị ike ibu. Ọ bụ ya mere injinia nhazi ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na esemokwu mgbe niile: ike zuru oke ma ọ bụghị oke arọ. Ngwá ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ iji guzobe nguzozi a bụ nyocha nke njedebe (FEA; Ememe Element Analysis, usoro nke na-ekewa nhazi n'ime obere ihe ma jiri ọnụ ọgụgụ na-edozi nrụgide na mgbanwe mgbanwe na nke ọ bụla).
Ọgụgụ isi (AI) na-ebelata mkpali atọ dị arọ nke nyocha nhazi: na-eguzobe nke ọma na ibu ibu na ọnọdụ oke, ịkọwa nsonaazụ FEA dị mgbagwoju anya, na ịchọgharị ihe onwunwe site na njikarịcha topology (usoro nke na-achọpụta ụdị kachasị dị ogologo n'okpuru ibu enyere site na ikesa ihe naanị ebe ọ dị mkpa). Ma ihe owuwu ahụ bụ isi ihe dị mkpa nke nchekwa: ihe kpatara njehie nchekwa na-eduga ozugbo na ọdịda nhazi, ya bụ nkwụsị nke nku ma ọ bụ fuselage. Ya mere, enweghị nchekasị, ndụ ma ọ bụ ihe nke ụkpụrụ nchekwa nke AI nyere, ekwesịrị iji ya na-enweghị ngụkọ aka nọọrọ onwe ya na nyocha injinia.
Echiche: Ihe nchekwa nchekwa: Oke nke ibu nke ihe nwere ike iguzogide ibu imewe; Na ụgbọ elu, 1.5 ugboro oke oke ibu (nke kacha) na-ejikarị eme ihe. von Mises stress: Otu ihe atụnyere mkpụrụ nke na-ebelata nrụgide multiaxial ka ọ bụrụ otu uru dabara adaba. Ike ọgwụgwụ: Ihe na-agbawa ma na-agbaji oge n'okpuru ibu ugboro ugboro. Nkwadebe mmebi: Ikike nke ihe owuwu ahụ iji buru ya n'enweghị nsogbu ruo mgbe nyocha ọzọ, ọbụlagodi mgbe enwere mgbape.
Debe AI nke ọma na FEA Workflow
Ọmụmụ FEA bụ n'ezie usoro ndị a: ịkụda geometry n'ime nchikota mmewere, ịkọwapụta ihe onwunwe, itinye ibu na nkwado (ọnọdụ oke), idozi, na ịkọwa nsonaazụ ya. Ọtụtụ njehie na-amalite n'ime usoro abụọ ikpeazụ: ọnọdụ oke etinyere n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi ma ọ bụ itinye uche nhụsianya akọwahieghị ya.
AI dị ike n'ịhazi okwu ikpe. Emebere ihe owuwu ụgbọ elu ọ bụghị otu ibu, kama jiri envelopu ibu (nchịkọta ibu niile dị oke egwu dị ka ịmegharị, ikuku ikuku, ọdịda, nrụgide). Ọ bụrụ na ị gwa AI ọrụ na nhazi ya, ọ ga-echetara gị okwu ikpe nwere ike ileghara anya (dịka mgbada asymmetric, okirikiri pressurization) dị ka ndepụta nlele. N'okwu mmechi ya, von Mises na-enye ajụjụ nlele nke na-enyere gị aka ịmata ma ọnụ ọgụgụ dị na maapụ nchekasị bụ ihe dị adị ma ọ bụ nke dị iche iche (akụkụ dị nkọ ma ọ bụ nrụgide na-abụghị anụ ahụ nke na mgbakọ na mwepụ na-aga na njedebe na njedebe). Mana nke kacha elu dị adị bụ onye injinia na-ekpebi site na nnwale nchacha ntupu.
Kpachara anya: Na FEA, nchekasị dị na nkuku ime dị nkọ na-abawanye nwayọọ nwayọọ ka ntupu na-adịwanye njọ; Nke a bụ otu, ọ bụghị eziokwu. Ọ bụrụ na AI na-egosipụta oke nrụgide dị ka "dị oke mkpa", buru ụzọ lelee site na nyocha mkparị ma ọ bụ otu netwọkụ; Ma ọ bụghị ya, ị ga-agbakwunye ihe na-adịghị mkpa na nsogbu na-adịghị adị.
Topology kacha mma na nhọrọ ihe
Topology njikarịcha na-edozi ajụjụ ahụ "kedu ka m ga-esi nye ike a na obere opekempe" nyere olu imewe, ibu na ihe mgbochi, ma na-emepụtakarị organic, ọkpụkpụ dịka ọkpụkpụ. Usoro a, mgbe ejikọtara ya na nrụpụta mgbakwunye (na-emepụta akụkụ nwere mbipụta 3D), na-enye nnukwu uru dị arọ na ụgbọ elu. AI na-enyere aka n'ịmepụta njikarịcha (mpaghara ga-anọgide na-adịgide adịgide, gịnị ga-abụ ihe mgbochi olu, olee otú a ga-esi kọwaa ibu) na ịkọwapụta nsonaazụ ya na mmepụta ihe.
Nhọrọ ihe onwunwe bụ mpaghara ọzọ nke ahia. Aluminom alloys, titanium, ígwè na ihe mejupụtara (mkpokọta; ọkụ na ihe siri ike nke eriri dị ka carbon fiber na-ejikọta na resin) na-enye ike dị iche iche-njupụta-ọnụ-n'ichepụta itule. AI na-ewu tebụl nke na-atụnyere ndị na-eme ntuli aka na ike dị iche iche (ike / njupụta), àgwà ike ọgwụgwụ, nkwụsị okpomọkụ, na ọnụ ahịa; mana nhọrọ ikpeazụ bụ mkpebi onye injinia nwere akụkọ asambodo yana eziokwu ọkọnọ.
Ihe onwunwe
Njupụta (kg/m³)
ike kpọmkwem
ike ọgwụgwụ
Ojiji eji eme ihe
Aluminom 7075
~2810
elu
ọkara
Torso, ọgịrịga, gbatịa
Titanium Ti-6Al-4V
~4430
nke ukwuu
nke ọma
Ngwunye injin, ngwa ọdịda
ígwè (4340)
~ 7850
ọkara
nke ọma
Ibu ibu dị elu
carbon fiber mejupụtara
~1600
kacha elu
Ọ dị mma (ntụziaka dabere)
Wing, ọdụ, shei
NDỤMỌDỤ: Nyochaa nọmba ọ bụla na tebụl ihe site na akwụkwọ data ihe, ọ bụghị site na AI. AI na-echeta ụkpụrụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, mana uru abanye na nzọụkwụ na-esote ga-esite na mpempe akwụkwọ data akwadoro nke alloy na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ị ga-eji.
Ngwa ngwa adịghị ike / Ike siri ike
Ngwa ngwa adịghị ike:
Nchegbu nke nkwado a tụgharịrị bụrụ 400 MPa. Ọ dị mma?
Mgbasa ozi siri ike:
Ọrụ: Ị bụ nnukwu injinia nhazi nhazi; Ị na-etinye nkwenye dị mkpa maka nchekwa. Okwu (ụkpụrụ ndị nnọchi anya): Aluminom 7075-T6 bracket, peak von Mises stress na FEA n'okpuru oke oke bụ 400 MPa. Ike mkpụrụ ihe onwunwe ~ 503 MPa. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu na-eme na nkuku dị nkọ n'ime. Ọrụ: 1) Gbakọọ ihe nchekwa maka njedebe na njedebe (1.5x) ibu; dee unit.2) Kedu ka m ga-esi lelee ma ọ bụrụ na vertex bụ ntupu singularity, nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ.3) Kedu ihe nyocha ọzọ a chọrọ n'ihe gbasara ike ọgwụgwụ? Mkpebi: Ekpela ikpe "nchekwa"; Gwa m mgbe ihe nyocha nwere ike ime mkpebi. Chetara m ka m nyochaa ụkpụrụ ihe sitere na mpempe data.
Ndebiri ngwa ngwa enwere ike i copyomi
Template 1 — Ibunye ndepụta nlele:
Mepụta ndepụta nlele zuru oke nke ikpe ibu dị oke egwu (ọnọdụ nnọchite anya) nke m kwesịrị ịtụle n'ime nhazi maka usoro a: [akụkụ, ọrụ]. Tụlee imegharị ihe, gust, mgbada, nrụgide, okpomọkụ, ịma jijiji na ikpe asymmetric. Maka ikpe ibu nke ọ bụla, dee njikọ dị oke mkpa yana otu esi enyocha ya. Ọ bụrụ na ihe funahụrụ gị, kaa ya akara ka "lelee".
Template 2 — Ihe kpatara nchekwa na ngụkọ oke:
Gbakọọ oke nchekwa site na nsonaazụ FEA na-esonụ (dee nkeji n'ụzọ doro anya):peak von Mises stress =[...], material yield =[...], Ultimate energy=[...]. M ga-akwado mgbako aka.
Template 3 — Nhazi kacha mma Topology:
Nyere m aka ịkọwapụta nhazi njikarịcha topology (nnọchite anya): imewe olu = [...], mpaghara ga-anọgide na-adịgide adịgide (ibu / nkwado) =[...], target=minimization mass, constraint = akụkụ nke olu ma ọ bụ nrụgide. (a) Kedu mpaghara m ga-ahapụ "enweghị imewe"? (b) Ọ bụrụ na nsonaazụ ya bụ organic, kedu ihe mgbochi m ga-agbakwunye maka nrụpụta (mmepụta mgbakwunye, ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi kacha nta)? (c) Kedu otu m ga-esi jiri FEA nyochaa nsonaazụ ya?
Temple 4 — Tebụlụ azụmaahịa ihe:
Debe tebụl atụnyere [akụkụ, ibu, okpomọkụ, gburugburu ebe obibi] ihe ndị na-achọ ihe maka ngwa ndị a: aluminum, titanium, steel, composite. Criteria: ike a kapịrị ọnụ, omume ike ọgwụgwụ, nnabata okpomọkụ, nrụpụta, ọnụ ahịa ikwu, ntozu asambodo. Kaa akara ọnụọgụgụ ọ bụla na ndetu "nyochaa site na mpempe data"; edela ọnụ ahịa ziri ezi, nye oke oke.
Obere Okwu
Ikpe 1 - A na-eche na ịdị n'otu dị adị. Onye injinia na-atụ ụjọ mgbe ọ na-eleba anya na nrụgide kachasị elu nke FEA kpugheere 620 MPa na njikọ njikọ; mkpụrụ ihe onwunwe bụ 503 MPa, oke na-egosi adịghị mma. A na-etinye ule ntanetị nke netwọkụ nke AI na-atụ aro: ka netwọk ahụ na-adịwanye njọ, nrụgide na-abawanye site na 620 ruo 680, wee gaa na 740 MPa, ya bụ, ọ naghị agbakọta. Nke a bụ singularity; Ezigbo nrụgide na-edozi na 410 MPa mgbe a na-edozi obere fillet dị n'akụkụ ma dozie ya ọzọ, oke ahụ na-aghọkwa nke ọma. Ihe nkuzi: nchekasị agbakwunyere na-akparaghị ókè bụ ọnụọgụ, ọ bụghị nke anụ ahụ.
Ikpe 2 - Topology kacha mma na-echekwa ibu 28%. Otu topology otu- na-ebuli ihe nkwado igwe na-arị elu nke atụmatụ ọdịnala ya dị kilogram 1.85. AI na-enyere aka ịtọ ntọala (mpaghara edozi, mgbochi olu); A na-emegharị geometry organic nke na-esi na ya pụta ka emepụtara ya site na imepụta ihe mgbakwunye na titanium, na-ebelata ịdị arọ ruo 1.33 kg. Otú ọ dị, ndị otu ahụ anabataghị geometry kachasị mma na-emeghị ya site na nkwado FEA na nyocha ike ọgwụgwụ; n'ihi na njikarịcha ezubere iche maka ike static na echeghị ike ọgwụgwụ ozugbo. Ihe nkuzi: nrụpụta kacha mma bụ mmalite, ọ bụghị njiri mara nke ọma.
Ikpe 3 - Mgbe ike ọgwụgwụ na-eleghara anya. Otu ụmụ akwụkwọ na-akwado nku nku nke yiri ka ọ nwere oke oke na nyocha static; AI na-echetara anyị na oke kwụ ọtọ zuru ezu, mana ibugharị ugboro ugboro na ibu ọdịda ga-ekpebi ndụ ike ọgwụgwụ. Ngụkọta dị mfe na S-N curve (njupụta nrụgide - ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmekọrịta cycles) na-egosi na imewe ahụ nwere ike ịmalite mgbawa na 20,000 cycles, ebe ndụ lekwasịrị anya bụ okirikiri 60,000. A na-emegharị akụkụ ahụ site n'ibelata nrụgide nrụgide. Ihe nkuzi: nchekwa static apụtaghị nchekwa ike ọgwụgwụ.
Mmejọ ndị nkịtị
- Na-emehie otu ihe maka ezigbo esemokwu. Nchegbu na-arịwanye elu na-akparaghị ókè na nkuku dị nkọ bụ ọnụọgụ; A naghị agbakwunye ihe na-enweghị ule mkparị.
- Naanị ilele ụgwọ kwụ ọtọ. Ike ọgwụgwụ n'okpuru ibu ugboro ugboro nwere ike imebi akụkụ ahụ na-egosi na ọ nweghị nchekwa.
- Inweta uru ihe sitere na AI. Uru ike nke a ga-agbakọ na-abịa site na akwụkwọ data akwadoro nke alloy na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.
- Na-emejọ nsonaazụ kacha mma maka imewe akwadoro. A naghị akwado nsonaazụ topology na-enweghị nkwenye FEA, nrụpụta nrụpụta na nlele ike ọgwụgwụ.
- Ịwụnye envelopu ibu ezughị ezu. Ikpe ibu efu efu (mkpụrụ asymmetric, pressurization) nwere ike ịbụ nke kacha mkpa.
Na nchịkọta
Ntụle ihe owuwu bụ isi nke nchekwa-mkpa; nrụgide ma ọ bụ ihe kpatara njehie nchekwa na-eduga ozugbo na ọdịda nhazi. AI bụ onye enyemaka siri ike n'ịhazi okwu ikpe, nkọwa nsonaazụ, nhazi nkwalite topology na ịzụ ahịa ihe. Mana a na-achọpụta nrụgide kachasị elu site na ịdị n'otu, nsonaazụ site na mgbako aka, ụkpụrụ ihe onwunwe site na mpempe data, oke kwụ ọtọ site na ike ọgwụgwụ. Ihe nrụpụta kachasị mma bụ mmalite; Nkwenye ikpeazụ bụ nkwenye nyocha na nyocha injinia.
Ọrụ ngwa
Kọwaa ibu nnọchite anya na ọnọdụ ihe maka akụkụ nhazi dị mfe (ihe nkwado, ọgịrịga, njikọ). Iji AI, (a) wepụta ndepụta nlele nke ikpe ibu dị oke egwu, (b) gbakọọ ma jiri aka gbakọọ oke na ihe kacha mma maka nchekwa maka oke nrụgide enyere, (c) gagharịa otu esi elele ma ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu bụ otu. Tọọ tebụl ahịa ihe ma jiri mpempe data nyochaa opekata mpe otu uru.
ndetu
- [ ] Edepụtala m ikpe ibu dị oke egwu dị ka envelopu zuru oke.
- [] M gbakọọ ọnụọgụ nchekwa iche iche maka oke na ibu kachasị ma jiri mgbako aka kwado ya.
- [] Achọpụtara m ma nrụgide kachasị elu ọ bụ ihe dị iche iche na ule mkparị.
- [] Na mgbakwunye na oke kwụ ọtọ, enyochara m ike ọgwụgwụ / nnabata mmebi.
- [] Achọpụtara m ụkpụrụ ihe onwunwe site na mpempe data akwadoro.
- [] Agafere m mmepụta kacha mma topology site na nkwado FEA.