Riba:
- Ability don rarrabe inda hankali na wucin gadi ke adana ainihin lokaci a cikin aikin aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje (pre-nalytical, analytical, post-nalytical) da kuma inda aka bar yanke shawara mai mahimmanci na aminci (tabbacin sakamako, fassarar asibiti, ganewar asali) ga gwani, bisa ga matakin haɗarin aiki.
- Ikon yin amfani da horo wanda ke tabbatar da kowane fitarwa na AI ta hanyar matakan haɗa shi zuwa tushen, sake ƙididdige shi, da tacewa na asibiti / nazari.
- Bayar da bayanan majiyyaci tsakanin iyakokin KVKK/ keɓewa da samun ɗabi'ar zabar abin hawa mai aminci.
Dubban yanke shawara ana yin shiru a kowace rana a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na likita. Za a karɓi bututu ko ƙi; ko sakamakon potassium na ainihi ne ko kuma saboda hemolysis; ko tantanin halitta da aka gani a cikin smear jini shine lymphocyte na al'ada ko fashewa; Wannan na iya zama dalilin da ya sa creatinine na majiyyaci ya ninka sau biyu idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar da ta gabata. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan yanke shawara suna maimaituwa kuma suna cin lokaci; Wasu daga cikinsu yanke shawara ne da za su iya shafar rayuwar mutum kai tsaye kuma wanda ya kamata gefen kuskure ya kasance kusa da sifili. Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙadda tọn ne (AI, ko AI a da aka yi a takaice-tsarin kwamfuta wanda zai iya samar da rubutu, gane alamu, rarraba hotuna, da yin lissafi kamar mutane) ya dace daidai a tsakiyar wannan hoton: lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi daidai, yana hanzarta ayyukan maimaitawa kuma yana ba ku lokaci don tunani; Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi ba daidai ba, zai iya ɗauka da alama mai aminci amma ba daidai ba ga rahoton haƙuri.
Naúrar farko na wannan ƙirar ba gabatarwar software ba ce. Manufarsa ita ce bayyana inda za a saka AI a cikin sana'ar ku da kuma inda ba za ku saka shi kwata-kwata ba. Saboda kimiyyar dakin gwaje-gwaje na likitanci filin "aminci-mahimmanci": kowane sakamakon da kuka samar zai iya shafar shawarar likitan likita, adadin magani, jinkirin tiyata. Let's reiterate the basic principle here: Artificial intelligence is an assistant, not a laboratory expert. Shawarar sakin (tabbatar) sakamakon, fassarar asibiti da ganewar asali ya ta'allaka ne ga ƙwararren ƙwararren - ƙwararren likitan dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma likitan da ke halartar.
Jimlar tsarin gwaji da wurin AI
Don fahimtar aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, wajibi ne a raba tsarin zuwa matakai uku. Mataki na farko na nazari shine lokaci daga yin odar samfurin har sai ya shiga cikin na'urar: odar gwaji, shirye-shiryen haƙuri, tarin jini, lakabi, sufuri, centrifugation. Matsayin nazari shine lokacin da ake yin awo akan na'urar. Matakin bayan nazari shine tabbatarwa, fassarar, bayar da rahoto da isar da sakamakon ga likitan. Abu mai ban sha'awa shine yawancin kurakurai na dakin gwaje-gwaje suna faruwa a cikin lokacin nazari na farko, ba a cikin lokacin nazari (kayan aiki ba). AI na iya taɓa dukkan matakai guda uku, amma ba kowane da iko iri ɗaya ba.
Ta "analyte" muna nufin abu ko siga da ake aunawa: glucose, creatinine, potassium, hemoglobin, da dai sauransu. "Kewayon nuni" shine kewayon ƙimar da ake tsammani na mai nazari a cikin mutane masu lafiya kuma ya bambanta da shekaru, jinsi, hanya. Ana amfani da "Validation" a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ta hanyoyi guda biyu: tabbatar da sakamako kafin a sake shi, da kuma tabbatar da amincin hanya / hanya / samfurin. AI na iya samar da fayyace fassarorin farko na sakamako; Amma ƙwararren ne kawai ya kimanta ko wannan fassarar ta dace da yanayin asibiti na mai haƙuri, magunguna da sakamakon da ya gabata.
Tebur mai zuwa yana taƙaita rawar da matakin haɗari na AI ta manufa:
nema
Matsayin AI
Matsayin haɗari
Wanda ya yarda
Ƙimar nauyin aiki, rarrabuwar samfur
hanzari, mai tsarawa
ƙananan
Manajan dakin gwaje-gwaje
Rubuta daftarin sharhi na ƙarshe
Zane janareta, sarrafawa
matsakaici
gwanin dakin gwaje-gwaje
Delta duba / QC faɗakarwar tsara
Ƙimar ƙididdiga
Matsakaici-Mai girma
Kwararre (ya gano tushen dalilin)
Rabe-raben hoto (smear, fitsari)
Na farko, ba kalma ta ƙarshe ba
babba
Kwararre (ya tabbatar da ganewar asali)
Sanarwa darajar tsoro
Browser, daftarin janareta
mai girma
Gwani (ya tabbatar, rahotanni)
Binciken asibiti / yanke shawara
ba taimako
mai girma
Likita + gwanin dakin gwaje-gwaje
Ka tuna layi ɗaya a cikin wannan ginshiƙi: yayin da haɗarin ke ƙaruwa, aikin AI yana raguwa, amincewar ɗan adam yana girma.
Me yasa "tabbaci" shine zuciyar wannan kasuwancin
Samfuran yaren basirar ɗan adam da alama suna da tabbaci ga amsarsu, amma ƙila ba za su tabbata ba. A cikin harshe na fasaha, ana kiran wannan hallucination: shine ƙirar ƙirƙira na bayanan da ba su wanzu a cikin jimla mai kyau, kamar dai gaskiya ne. Ga masu sana'a na dakin gwaje-gwaje, wannan mummunan tarko ne: samfurin na iya gaya muku "matsalar kwayar cutar potassium a cikin manya shine 3.5-5.1 mmol / L" (wanda yake kusa da daidai), amma kuma yana iya amsawa "matsayin ferritin na yau da kullum shine 30-400 ng / ml ga kowa da kowa," yin watsi da bambancin jima'i (wannan bai cika ba). Tunda ya faxi duka da iyawa ɗaya, abin da ke raba nagarta da mugunta shine iliminka da ɗabi'ar tantancewa.
Horon tabbatarwa ya ƙunshi matakai guda uku:
- Hanyar haɗi zuwa tushe: Don bayani kamar kewayon tunani, naúrar, hanya, dogara ga ingantattun bayanan dakin gwaje-gwaje na kanku da tushe da aka sani (sakar fakitin masana'anta, hanyar da aka amince da ita, jagororin ƙasa/na ƙasa), ba ƙwaƙwalwar AI ba. Yi amfani da AI don fassara wannan bayanan, ba don tunawa da shi ba.
- Sake ƙididdigewa/kwatanta: bincika kai tsaye kowane sakamakon lamba, raka'a da canjin delta wanda AI ta dawo. Musamman, daidaiton naúrar gwajin (mg/dL ↔ mmol/L) da yarjejeniya tare da sakamakon baya.
- Na'urar tantancewa da tacewa: Gwada tare da ƙwararren ido don ganin idan fitarwar ta ci karo da yanayin likita na majiyyaci, magunguna, ingancin samfurin da matsayin QC.
Hankali: Kwafi fassarar sakamakon da AI ta samar ga rahoton majiyyaci ba tare da tabbatar da shi ba kamar bayar da rahoton sakamakon da ba a sanya hannu ba dangane da alhakin ƙwararrun ku. Sharhin ba daidai ba ne kawai saboda ya fito da kyau.
Keɓantawa: bayanan haƙuri bayanan sirri ne
Bayanan dakin gwaje-gwaje na marasa lafiya (sakamakon gwaji, ganewar asali, lambar yarjejeniya, bayanan ganowa) bayanan sirri ne masu mahimmanci kuma ana kiyaye su a ƙarƙashin KVKK (Dokar Kariya ta Sirri) a Turkiye da GDPR a Turai. Babban laifi ne a liƙa sunan majiyyaci, lambar ID na TR, lambar yarjejeniya da ganewar asali cikin kayan aikin AI na jama'a. Dokar mai sauƙi ce: ɓoye bayanan. Maimakon "Ayşe Yılmaz, mai shekaru 68, yarjejeniya 2024-114523, cututtuka na koda", rubuta "mace mai shekaru 68, rashin gazawar koda"; Cire sunan, bayanin lamba, cibiyar da lambar yarjejeniya. Idan zai yiwu, zaɓi kayan aikin kamfanoni waɗanda ke da yarjejeniyar sarrafa bayanai kuma kar a yi amfani da bayanan ku a cikin horon ƙira.
uku mini lokuta
Case 1 - Amintaccen amfani. Kwararren masanin kimiyyar halittu yana son bayyana bayanan da za a bai wa majiyyaci don ma'auni 8 marasa kyau a cikin rahoton mara lafiya. AI yana samar da zane mai haske daga ƙimar da ba a san su ba (babu sunaye). Kwararren ya kwatanta jeri na tunani tare da ƙimar dakin gwaje-gwaje na kansa, yana cire jimlolin da ke nuna "tabbatacciyar ganewar asali" kuma ya ƙara bayanin kula "tuntuɓi likitan ku don kimantawa". Duration: 4 minutes maimakon 15 minutes. AI ya ba da daftarin, alhakin ya kasance tare da gwani.
Case 2 - Ba a tantance tarkon sharhi ba. Wani ƙwararren yana da YZ fassara sakamakon TSH (hormone mai motsa jiki). AI ta gaya mana cewa sakamakon shine "al'ada" dangane da kewayon ma'anar manya; amma samfurin ya fito ne daga jariri kuma jaririn da aka haifa ya bambanta. Sharhin ba daidai ba ne saboda an yi shi don rukunin shekarun da ba daidai ba. An yi watsi da tabbatarwa, an rasa mahallin asibiti.
Shari'a ta 3 - Cin zarafin sirri. Ma'aikacin Lab yana ɗaukar cikakken sunan majiyyaci kuma ya ba da rahoton PDF a cikin kayan aikin AI na jama'a kuma ya ce "sha'a." Bayanan sun tafi zuwa uwar garken waje. Cibiyar tana fuskantar nazarin KVKK. Hanyar da ta dace ita ce ɓoye bayanan kuma a raba mahimman ƙimar lambobi kawai, ba tare da suna ba.
Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
Rawanin faɗakarwa:
Fassara sakamakon bincike na wannan majiyyaci: Ayşe Yılmaz, TC 123..., yarjejeniya 2024-114523. Creatinine 2.1, urea 90, potassium 5.8.
Wannan buƙatar ba daidai ba ne a cikin bangarori uku: an raba bayanin sirri (ketare KVKK), ba a ba da raka'a da kewayon tunani ba, kuma babu mahallin asibiti (shekaru, jinsi, ganewar asali). AI ya cika giɓi tare da zato kuma akwai haɗarin rashin fahimta.
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:
Matsayin ku: DRAFT mataimakin shirye-shirye ga ƙwararren dakin gwaje-gwaje. Bincike, yanke shawara na asibiti. DRAFT bayani mai sauƙi ga majiyyaci don sakamakon da ba a san shi ba a ƙasa; yana nuna tabbataccen ganewar asali; Ƙara bayanin kula "tuntuɓi likitan ku". Yi alama a inda ba ku da tabbas [don tabbatar da gwani]. Mara lafiya: mace mai shekaru 68, sanannen ciwon koda. Sakamako (tare da naúrar mu da bayanin dakin gwaje-gwaje): Creatinine 2.1 mg/dL (ref 0.5-0.9), Urea 90 mg/dL (ref 17-43), Potassium 5.8 mmol/L (ref 3.5-5.1).
Ƙarfin faɗakarwa ba a san shi ba, yana bayyana rawar da iyaka, yana ba da raka'a da tunani, yana ba da mahallin asibiti, kuma yana buƙatar alamar tabbatarwa.
Samfuran gaggawar da za a iya kwafi
BAYANIN RAMA DA IYAKA Aikinku: TSAFARKI shirya mataimaki ga ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwanƙwasa. Kai ba gwani ba ne; yin ganewar asali, yin yanke shawara don saki sakamakon, bada shawara na asibiti. Izinin ƙarshe na gwani ne. Idan ba ku da tabbas, yi masa alama a matsayin "[bari ƙwararren ya tabbatar]", kar a daidaita shi. Aiki: [rubuta aiki].
TEMPLATE SARAUTA SANARWA Sunan, TR ID, protocol/lambar fayil, lamba da bayanin cibiyar daga rubutun da ke ƙasa; maye gurbin da "[cire]". Ka bar bayanan asibiti kawai/mahimman bincike. Kada a bar alamun ainihi a cikin fitarwa.Text: [manna rubutu]
TAMBAYOYIN BINCIKEN GASKIYA Ga kowane fassarar sakamako da kuka samar, nuna: (1) wace kewayon tunani da kuka ɗauka, (2) ko naúrar daidai ce, da (3) inda fassarar ta dogara da mahallin asibiti. Yi amfani da yaren "mai yiwuwa" maimakon cikakken.
MATSALAR TSARA MATSALAR HATSARI Sanya aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje zan ba ku cikin ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan guda uku kuma ku rubuta ma'ana: (A) ƙarancin haɗari - ƙayyadaddun AI ya isa, (B) haɗarin matsakaici - tabbaci na ƙwararru, (C) babban / babban haɗari - ganewar asali / yanke shawara na gwani ne, AI kawai taimako. Aiki: [rubuta aiki].
Kuskuren gama gari
- Kuskure AI don "kwararre". AI yana magana da kyau amma ba shi da alhakin; Sa hannu naku ne. Fitowar daftarin ne, ba yanke shawara ba.
- Manna takardar shaidar kamar yadda yake. Sunan, lambar ID na TR da lambar yarjejeniya sune bayanai na musamman; Rabawa ba tare da saka sunansa cin zarafi ne na KVKK ba.
- Ba tambayar kewayon tunani. AI yana ba da kewayon gabaɗaya; Kewayon na'urarka da shekaru/ ƙungiyar jinsi na iya bambanta.
- Ba bayar da mahallin asibiti ba. Fassarar ba tare da shekaru ba, jinsi, ganewar asali, magani da ingancin samfurin kuskure ne.
- Barin tafi saboda "yana da kyau." Fassara ba daidai ba ne; Kowane fitarwa yana buƙatar sarrafawa mai zaman kansa.
Tukwici: Kafin ka fara aiki tare da AI, tambayi kanka tambaya ɗaya: "Me zai faru da majiyyaci idan wannan fitowar ba ta da kyau?" Idan amsar tana da mahimmanci, yi amfani da AI kawai don daftarin aiki / cancanta kuma kada ku tsallake tabbaci.
a takaice
Hankali na wucin gadi shine mataimaki mai ƙarfi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na likita: yana hanzarta ayyuka masu maimaitawa, yana haifar da zane-zane, bincika alamu. Amma tun da kuna aiki a cikin wani yanki mai mahimmanci na aminci, yanke shawarar sakin sakamakon, fassarar asibiti da ganewar asali ya dogara da ƙwararren ƙwararren. Matsayin AI a cikin kowane lokaci na jimlar gwajin gwaji (pre-nalytical, analytical, post-nalytical) ya bambanta dangane da matakin haɗari; Yayin da haɗarin ke ƙaruwa, amincewar ɗan adam yana girma. Dabarun asali guda uku suna kiyaye kowane mataki: tushe, sake ƙididdigewa/kwatanta, tacewa na asibiti. Kuma sirrin yana ƙarƙashin komai: bayanan mara lafiya baya shigar da kowane kayan aiki ba tare da an ɓoye sunansa ba.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Zaɓi ayyuka daban-daban guda uku daga ɗakin binciken ku (ko daga yanayin misali): ƙananan haɗari ɗaya (misali taƙaitaccen aikin aiki), haɗarin matsakaici ɗaya (misali daftarin fassarar sakamako), babban haɗari ɗaya (misali bayanin ƙima mai mahimmanci). Ga kowane, (1) bayyana matsayin AI a cikin jumla ɗaya, (2) rubuta matakin tabbatarwa da za ku ɗauka, (3) nuna yadda za ku ɓoye bayanan. Sa'an nan daidaita samfurin "Role and Boundaries Definition" a sama zuwa matsakaicin aikin haɗarin ku kuma rubuta gaggawa.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] Na ƙaddara matakin haɗari (ƙananan / matsakaici / babba) na aikin.
- [ ] Na iyakance aikin AI zuwa "mataimaki/ tsarawa / cancanta"; ganewar asali/yanke shawara ya ta'allaka ne da gwani.
- [ ] Na ɓoye bayanan; Suna, TR ID, lambar yarjejeniya ana fitarwa.
- [ ] Na tabbatar da kewayon tunani da naúrar tare da ƙimar dakin gwaje-gwaje na.
- [] Na ƙara mahallin asibiti (shekaru, jinsi, ganewar asali, ingancin samfurin) zuwa ga hanzari.
- [ ] Na ƙaddamar da fitarwa ga masu bincike masu zaman kansu kafin in sake shi.