Zoonosis, Tsaron Halittu da Kula da Cututtuka

Riba:

• Ikon duba zoonosis (cutar da ake yadawa daga dabba zuwa mutum) kasada da matakan tsaro tare da AI da ƙirƙirar jerin abubuwan dubawa.
• Ikon yin amfani da AI tunatarwa ce kawai idan ana zargin cutar da za a iya sanarwa kuma sanarwar hukuma ce kuma ta zama dole.
• Ikon sarrafa haɗarin hasashe da jinkiri yayin sa ido kan bayanan cutar tare da AI da fahimtar buƙatar tabbatarwa tare da hukumomin hukuma.

Mafi mahimmancin batu inda magungunan dabbobi ke shafar lafiyar jama'a shine zoonoses. Zoonosis cuta ce da za a iya yada daga dabba zuwa mutum (ko daga mutum zuwa dabba); Rabies, brucellosis, hydatid cyst, leptospirosis, salmonellosis da murar tsuntsaye wasu daga cikinsu. Likitan dabbobi yana kare ba kawai dabba ba, har ma da mutum da yanayin da suka yi hulɗa da wannan dabba. Biosecurity wani tsari ne na matakan da ke hana masu cutar shiga da yaduwa cikin kasuwanci, asibiti ko yawan jama'a. Hankali na wucin gadi (AI) tunatarwa ce mai ƙarfi da mai tsarawa a cikin wannan filin: ba da jerin abubuwan haɗari, tsara ka'idojin biosafety, taƙaita bayanan fashewa. Amma a nan mafi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'ida ya zo cikin wasa: idan ana zargin cutar da aka sani, sanarwa ta zama doka kuma ta zama dole; AI baya maye gurbin wannan sanarwar. A cikin wannan rukunin zaku koyi yadda ake amfani da AI lafiya a cikin zoonosis da biosecurity.

Hadarin zoonosis da rawar AI

AI yana yin abubuwa uku a cikin sarrafa zoonosis. Na farko, tunatarwa: saitin alamun bayyanar cututtuka suna nuna cutar zoonotic (misali canjin hali + salivation + tarihin cizon → rabies ya kamata a tuna). Na biyu shine samar da jerin abubuwan dubawa: yana lissafin abin da za a yi bayan tuntuɓar, kayan kariya da matakan rigakafin. Na uku, rubutu mai ba da labari: daftarin kasida na kariya ga masu dabbobi da ma'aikata. Abin da AI ba zai iya yi ba shine bincikar cutar, yin sanarwar hukuma, da yanke shawarar lafiyar jama'a.

Hankali: A lokuta da wata cuta mai saurin kisa irin ta rabe-raben da ta shafi lafiyar jama'a, bata lokaci yana da kisa. Kawai saboda AI ta ce "ƙananan yuwuwar" baya haifar da zato. Idan akwai shakka, likita ya fara aikin hukuma; AI kawai tunatarwa.

Cututtuka masu sanarwa da sanarwar doka

Ana iya sanar da wasu cututtuka saboda mahimmancin su ga lafiyar jama'a da lafiyar dabbobi: wajibi ne a shari'a a kai rahoto ga hukumomin gwamnati da suka cancanta lokacin da ake zargin su (misali ƙafa da baki, ciwon huhu, brucellosis, murar tsuntsaye da sauran da aka lissafa a cikin dokokin ƙasar). Wannan sanarwar alhakin likita ne na sirri; Ana yin shi ta hanyar tashar hukuma a cikin wani ɗan lokaci. AI na iya tsara rubutun sanarwa kuma ya tunatar da ku waɗanne cututtuka ne a jerin; Koyaya, likitan ne ya yanke shawarar ko, yaushe da kuma yadda za a yi sanarwar. Kawai saboda AI ba ya lissafin cuta ba yana nufin cewa ba a ba da rahoto ba; Dole ne a tabbatar da lissafin ta dokar hukuma da ke aiki.

Mataki-mataki: Zoonosis/tsarin aikin kare halittu tare da AI

1. Gane shakka. Ƙimar saitin alamomi da tarihin fallasa.
2. Nemi AI don tunatarwa. Lissafin yuwuwar zoonotic da jajayen tutoci.
3. Tabbatar da doka. Tabbatar da alhakin bayar da rahoto game da jerin gwanon da ke aiki.
4. Yi sanarwar hukuma. Idan ya cancanta, likita yana yin sanarwar ta hanyar tashar hukuma.
5. Kwarewa biosecurity. Ikon tuntuɓar, keɓewa, ƙazantawa, PPE (kayan kariya na sirri).
6. Kare mutane. Ba da bayanin kariya ga mutanen da ke tuntuɓar kuma a tura su ga likita idan ya cancanta.
7. Ajiye kuma kallo. Yi rikodin kuma bibiyar shari'ar da matakan tsaro da aka ɗauka.

uku mini lokuta

Case 1. Kare mai shekaru 2 da ba a yi masa allurar rigakafi ba; Canjin hali a cikin kwanaki 2, alamun hydrophobia, tarihin cizo. AI ta sanya rabies farko a cikin keɓaɓɓen jerin kuma ta ba da "sanarwa, tunatarwa ta sanarwa." Likitan ya fara aikin hukuma tare da tuhuma kuma ya jagoranci masu tuntuɓar zuwa cibiyar kiwon lafiya. AI tunatarwa; Likitan ya ɗauki matakan doka.

Case 2. A cikin kiwo, AI ta zana jerin abubuwan binciken halittu da bincike don brucellosis dangane da bayanan tarihi (sabon keɓewar dabba, sarrafa kayan sharar gida, PPE ma'aikaci). Likitan ya shirya kuma ya yi amfani da lissafin bisa ga ƙa'idodin ƙayyadaddun kasuwancin. Daftarin ya adana lokaci; Likitan ya tabbatar da abun ciki.

Al'amarin 3. An samu rahoton mutuwar mutane kwatsam a wata gonakin kiwon kaji. Daga cikin yuwuwar, AI ya tuno da wata cuta mai sanarwa kuma ta samar da jerin samfuran ƙaddamarwa. Likitan ya tuntubi hukuma kuma ya aiwatar da ka'idar samfurin; Bai yarda da cutar da AI ta kira "mai yiwuwa" a matsayin tabbatacce. Wannan shari'ar tana nuna fifikon tabbatar da hukuma a cikin cututtukan da ake zargi.

Taswirar kwatanta

nema

AI yi

AI ba zai iya / likita ba

Tunatar da yiwuwar zoonosis

Ee

Yin tabbataccen ganewar asali

Daftarin lissafin biosafety

Ee

Takamammen amincewar rukunin yanar gizo

Tunatarwa game da wajibcin sanarwa

Ee

Yin sanarwar hukuma

Takaitaccen bayanin annoba

Ee

yanke shawara game da lafiyar jama'a

Samfura huɗu masu kwafi

Matsayi: Mataimakin wayar da kan jama'a na Zoonosis (ba ku bincikar cutar da bayar da rahoto, kuna tunatarwa) .Tsarin: Species [...], matsayin alurar rigakafi [...], bayyanar cututtuka [...], tarihin tuntuɓar / cizon [...] Alama waɗanda za a iya sanar da su kuma ƙara bayanin kula "tabbatar da doka ta hukuma + sanarwar hukuma ta likita ce".

Aiki: DRAFT jerin abubuwan bincike na halittu don [kasuwa/kasuwa] (ikon fita-shiga, keɓewa, lalata, PPE, sarrafa shara, rajista). Bar sarari don dacewa da takamaiman rukunin yanar gizo da yarda. Magana: [...]

Aiki: Rubuta rubutun bayani mai sauƙi ga mai dabba/ma'aikacin dabba don kariya ta bayan lamba. Ba da shawarar likita; Ƙara "tuntuɓi likita idan akwai alamun bayyanar cututtuka" jagora. Matsayi: [...]

Aiki: Ƙirƙirar lissafin abin da za a yi idan ana zargin wata cuta mai sanarwa (samfurin, keɓewa, rajista, matakan sadarwa). Dokar: Dole ne a tabbatar da jerin sunayen cututtuka na yanzu da kuma hanya ta hanyar doka ta yanzu; Rubuta wannan azaman abu na farko.

Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi

Rauni: "Shin wannan kare yana da rabies?"

Ƙarfafa: "Kare mai shekaru 2, tarihin rigakafin da ba a san shi ba; canjin hali a cikin sa'o'i 48, ƙara yawan salivation, amsawar haske / ruwa, tarihin cizon mutum. Yi lissafin yiwuwar zoonotic da jajayen tutocin da ya kamata a yi la'akari; Alama waɗanda za a iya sanarwa kuma ƙara bayanin kula 'tabbatarwa daga doka na hukuma da kuma sanarwar hukuma ba ta tabbatar da ganewar likita ba. "

Ana ba da mahallin mahallin, tarihin tuntuɓar da ƙayyadaddun doka a fili cikin hanzari mai ƙarfi.

Kuskuren gama gari

• Barin sanarwar zuwa AI. Sanarwa ta hukuma bisa doka ta likitan ne; AI ba zai iya ba.
• Cire shakku tare da "ƙananan yuwuwar". A lokuta irin su rabies, ko da zato ya fara hanya.
• Ba tabbatar da lissafin tsari ba. Dole ne a tabbatar da lissafin cututtukan da aka sanar daga rubutun hukuma.
• Rashin daidaita lissafin biosafety zuwa filin. Tsarin tsarin bai dace da kowane kasuwanci daidai ba.
• Kewaya lafiyar ɗan adam. Bai kamata a yi watsi da jagorancin mutanen da ke hulɗa da su ba.

Hanyar Lafiya ɗaya da iyakar AI

Zoonoses shine mafi kyawun misalin da ke nuna cewa lafiyar dabbobi da lafiyar ɗan adam ba sa rabuwa. Kiwon lafiya ɗaya shine tsarin da ke ɗaukar lafiyar ɗan adam, dabba da muhalli gaba ɗaya: kamuwa da cuta a cikin kasuwanci kuma ya shafi ma'aikaci, mabukaci da namun daji da ke kewaye. Likitan dabbobi shine mabuɗin hanyar haɗin gwiwa a cikin wannan sarkar saboda yawancin zoonoses suna fara bayyana a cikin dabbar. AI na iya taimakawa wajen tsara wannan cikakken hoto: haɗa alamomi, tuntuɓar juna da bayanan muhalli daga tushe daban-daban don samar da taƙaitaccen haɗari, tsara rubutun yaƙin neman zaɓe, shirya jerin bincike don gano tuntuɓar juna.

Amma AI yana da iyaka masu mahimmanci guda biyu anan. Na farko, lokaci: bayanan annoba suna canzawa da sauri, kuma bayanan horo na AI na iya zama tsoho; Ana koyo halin da ake ciki na annobar yanzu daga sanarwar hukuma nan take. Na biyu, hukuma: hukunce-hukuncen kiwon lafiyar jama'a, kamar ayyana annoba, odar keɓewa, hana motsi, ana yin su tare da ikon doka; AI baya yin ko maye gurbin wannan shawarar. Matsayin likitan dabbobi shine ya karanta daidai abin lura na farko a cikin filin, canja wurin tuhuma zuwa tashar hukuma kuma ya karya sarkar biosecurity. AI yana tunatar da kuma hanzarta waɗannan ayyuka; amma alhakin da yanke shawara a cikin Sarkar Lafiya ɗaya koyaushe yana kan wanda aka ba da izini.

a takaice

Zoonoses da yanayin rayuwa sune wurare masu mahimmanci inda magungunan dabbobi ke haɗuwa da lafiyar jama'a. AI tunatarwa ce mai ƙarfi, janareta jerin bayanai, da mai tsara taƙaitaccen bayani anan; amma ba ya bincikar cutar, yin sanarwar hukuma, ko yanke shawarar lafiyar jama'a. Sanarwa doka ce kuma wajibi ne a cikin lamuran cutar da ake zargi; Likitan yana aiwatar da hanyar ta hanyar tashoshi na hukuma. Tabbatar da jerin ƙa'idodi daga rubutun hukuma, daidaita ka'idar biosafety zuwa rukunin yanar gizon kuma kare mutanen da ke hulɗa.

Aikin aikace-aikace

Zana jerin abubuwan bincike na biosafety na AI don asibitin ku ko kasuwancin da kuke bi kuma ku daidaita shi zuwa rukunin yanar gizon. Hakanan, ɗauki zato na zoonosis na kwanan nan (ko yanayin da zai yiwu) kuma: (1) kwatanta damar da AI ta haifar da ilimin ku, (2) tabbatar da waɗanne cututtuka ne aka sanar da su daga jerin hukuma na yanzu, (3) rubuta sanarwar hukuma da matakan lafiyar ɗan adam.

jerin abubuwan dubawa

• [ ] Na kimanta alamar da tarihin tuntuɓar.
• [] Na tuna da AI (ba bincikar cutar ba) yuwuwar zoonotic.
• [ ] Na tabbatar da wajibcin sanarwar daga lissafin hukuma da ke aiki.
• [ ] A matsayina na likita, na yi sanarwar da ta dace a hukumance.
• [ ] Na daidaita ka'idar biosafety zuwa filin.
• [ ] Na sanar da kuma shiryar da mutanen da suke hulɗa da su.
• [ ] Na rubuta shari'ar da taka tsantsan.