Riba:
- Ability don samar da jerin dalilai na bambance-bambancen cututtuka (cututtuka masu yiwuwa) daga AI ta hanyar tsara tarihin, binciken asibiti da jinsin / jinsi
- Ability don ba da fifiko ga shawarwarin AI tare da binciken ja (gaggawa) da kuma amfani da horo na tabbatar da kowane ganewar asali tare da gwaji da jarrabawa.
- Ikon fahimtar cewa ganewar asali da yanke shawara na magani na cikin ƙwararren likitan dabbobi ne bisa doka da ɗabi'a, kuma AI tunatarwa ce kawai da kayan aikin tantancewa.
Lokacin da majiyyaci ya zo don dubawa, tambaya ta tashi da sauri a zuciyar likitan: "Waɗanne cututtuka ne waɗannan binciken zasu iya zama alamar?" Jerin amsoshin wannan tambaya ana kiransa ganewar asali (jerin da aka yi la'akari da yiwuwar cututtuka). Kyakkyawan lissafin bambance-bambancen ganewar asali yana tabbatar da cewa babu wani muhimmin yuwuwar da aka rasa kuma an kai madaidaicin ganewar asali da sauri tare da jarrabawar daidai. Hankali na wucin gadi (AI) taimako ne mai ƙarfi wajen yin wannan jeri: yana ƙididdige yuwuwar dangane da binciken da kuka bayar, yana tunatar da ku yiwuwar mantawa, yana ba da shawarar wanne gwajin ya bambanta. Amma dole ne a sake jaddada shi: AI baya gano cutar. Sakamakon bincike na ƙarshe da shawarar magani shine alhakin doka da ɗa'a na ƙwararren likitan dabbobi wanda ya bincika. A cikin wannan rukunin zaku koyi yadda ake amfani da AI cikin aminci a cikin tallafin yanke shawara na asibiti.
Menene goyon bayan yanke shawara na asibiti kuma menene ba?
Taimakon yanke shawara na asibiti shine kayan aiki wanda ke haɓaka da wadatar da shawarar likita; Ba kayan aiki ne ke yanke shawara ba. AI yana da haƙƙin halal guda uku a cikin wannan filin: haɓakawa (bayyana yiwuwar mantawa), tsarawa (fassara binciken cikin jerin tsararru), da ba da fifiko (bayar da shawarar wace jarrabawa ta fi nuna wariya). Matsayi guda uku da AI bai kamata ya taka ba sune: yin tabbataccen ganewar asali, fara magani, da maye gurbin jarrabawa.
Ka yi la'akari da shi kamar gizo-gizo gizo-gizo: AI yana ba ku taswirar yiwuwar, amma dubawa da jarrabawa kawai za su bayyana wane zaren gaske ne. Komai wadatar da lissafin ke da shi, taro da kuke ji a lokacin palpation, gunaguni da kuka ji yayin ausculation, ko darajar jini na iya canza komai.
Tsanaki: Jerin bambance-bambancen cututtukan AI shine farkon, ba ƙarshe ba. Sakamakon ganewar asali a saman jerin bazai zama mafi kusantar ba; jarrabawa da jarrabawa na iya canza tsari gaba daya.
Jajayen tutoci: fara magance barazanar rayuwa
Kuskure mafi haɗari a cikin ganewar asali na bambance-bambancen shine rasa yanayin barazanar rai (jarar tuta). Yanayi irin su dilatation-volvulus (GDV; kumburi da juyawa na ciki), matsanancin gazawar numfashi, zubar jini mai nauyi, sepsis, da toshewar urethra na iya zama m cikin mintuna. AI yana iyakance ta bayanin da kuke bayarwa kuma yana iya rasa jan tuta saboda baya yin dubawa. Sabili da haka, likita ya kamata ya kimanta alamun mahimmanci ( bugun jini, numfashi, launi na mucosal, lokacin cikawar capillary, zazzabi) a cikin kowane mai haƙuri kuma ya ware gaggawa tare da nasa binciken, koda kuwa AI ya ce "ba ya zama gaggawa."
Mataki-mataki: Yin ganewar asali tare da AI
- Tattara mahallin. Nau'i, tsere, shekaru, jinsi, yanayin rashin haihuwa, nauyi, tarihin rigakafi.
- Rubuta bincikenku a sarari. Tsawon ƙararrawa, farawa, hanya, alamomi masu mahimmanci, binciken bincike.
- Nemi lissafin dalili daga AI. Ga kowane ganewar asali, tambayi "me yasa zai yiwu" da "wane gwaji ya bambanta shi?"
- Kawo jajayen tutoci gaba. Ɗauki damar masu barazanar rai zuwa saman.
- Jadawalin dubawa. Ba da fifikon gwaji na bambanta.
- Ƙaddamar da shi ta hanyar jarrabawa da jarrabawa. Yanke lissafin tare da binciken; Likitan ya tabbatar da ganewar asali.
- Ajiye yanke shawara. Rubuta zuwa asibitin tare da hujja.
uku mini lokuta
Case 1. Dan shekaru 5, 32 kg, makiyayin Jamus mai zurfi mai zurfi; Rashin natsuwa kwatsam, kumburin ciki, retching mara amfani. Jerin AI yana sanya GDV a farko kuma yana ba da shawarar "rediyon gaggawa." Likitan yana hanzarta binciken kuma ya tabbatar da GDV. Anan AI ya adana lokaci ta hanyar nuna alamar ja; Amma jarrabawar ta yanke shawara.
Case 2. 11 mai shekaru, 4.1 kg, mace mai banƙyama; Rage nauyi (0.6 kg), polyuria-polydipsia (yawan fitsari-yawan shan ruwa) na tsawon makonni 3. AI yana ba da haske game da cututtukan koda na yau da kullun, hyperthyroidism, da ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin ganewar asali kuma ya lissafa gwajin bambancin (biochemistry, T4, glucose jini / fitsari) ga kowane. Likita ya ba da umarnin gwaje-gwaje kuma ya tabbatar da ganewar asali tare da dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Case 3. 3 mai shekaru, 6.2 kg, cat namiji; rashin iya yin fitsari, rashin natsuwa. Akwai ƙananan cututtuka na urinary fili a cikin jerin AI, amma likita ya ba da cikakken, mafitsara mai raɗaɗi yayin gwajin kuma nan da nan ya gane toshewar urethra (gaggawa). AI ya ba da jerin; amma jarrabawar ta ƙayyade gaggawar gaggawa. Wannan yana nuna dalilin da yasa kuskuren "tsalle jarrabawar lokacin da lissafin yayi kyau" na iya zama m.
Taswirar kwatanta
kusanci
AI kawai lissafin
AI + jarrabawa + jarrabawa
Kama tutar ja
m, skippable
An amintar da alamun mahimmanci
Daidaituwar nau'ikan/ iri
miscible
Likitan ya tabbatar
tabbataccen ganewar asali
ba zai iya kasa ba
Ana gano shi ta hanyar bincike
Nauyi
Rashin tabbas (mai haɗari)
A ƙwararren likita (daidai)
Samfura huɗu masu kwafi
Matsayi: Mataimakin ganewar asali na likitan dabbobi (ba ku yin ganewar asali, kuna ba da zaɓuɓɓuka). Mai haƙuri: Nau'in [...], tseren [...], shekaru [...], jinsi [...], nauyi [...] kg. Sakamakon: [ƙorafi, tsawon lokaci, hanya, alamomi masu mahimmanci, binciken binciken]. Aiki: Ba da lissafin ganewar asali na dalilai na abubuwa 6-10. Ga kowane abu: (a) me yasa zai yiwu, (b) wane gwaji ya bambanta shi. Doka: Sanya abubuwan da ke barazanar rai (jajayen tuta) a saman kuma yi musu alama.
Aiki: A cikin saitin binciken da ke biyo baya, ƙirƙira keɓantaccen jerin yanayi waɗanda zasu iya zama alamar GAGGAWA/ja kuma rubuta mahimman binciken cewa "dole ne a bincika nan da nan" ga kowane. Yin tabbataccen ganewar asali. Sakamakon: [...]
Aiki: Mai da jerin abubuwan gano cututtuka daban-daban zuwa tsarin jarrabawa, tare da mafi bambanta gwajin zuwa farko. Rubuta sakamakon da ake sa ran ga kowane gwaji a cikin jumla ɗaya.Jeri: [...]
Aiki: Lokacin yin la'akari da bambance-bambancen ganewar asali don wannan harka, tunatar da kanku game da ramukan musamman ga SPECIES (misali cututtuka da ke ci gaba daban-daban a cikin kuliyoyi, magungunan ƙwayoyi). Nau'o'in: [...] Sakamakon: [...]
Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
Rauni: "Mene ne zai iya zama ganewar asali a cikin kare amai?"
Mai ƙarfi: "Shekaru 4, 18 kg, kare mace mai rauni; zubar da sau 5 a cikin sa'o'i 24, stool yana da al'ada, zafin jiki shine 39.1 ° C, ciwon ciki yana da zafi kadan, mucosa shine ruwan hoda. Yi lissafin ganewar asali mai ma'ana, sanya alamar ja kuma rubuta gwajin bambanci ga kowane ganewar asali. Yin yanke shawara akan ganewar asali kuma likita zai yanke shawara.
Shekaru, nauyi, tsawon lokaci, binciken lambobi da iyaka an ba da su a fili cikin hanzari mai ƙarfi; Jerin zai zama da amfani sosai.
Kuskuren gama gari
- Tunanin kun gane lissafin. Na farko bazai zama mai yiwuwa ba; Gwajin yana canza tsari.
- Bar tutar ja zuwa AI. Likita ya kamata ya kimanta yanayin gaggawa da kansa ta amfani da alamun mahimmanci.
- Tsallake mahallin nau'in. Ƙirar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kati da abubuwan guba na iya ruɗar da AI.
- Tsallake jarrabawa. Tsallake jarrabawar jiki lokacin da lissafin ya cika na iya zama m.
- Neman jeri tare da bayanan da bai cika ba. Idan ba a ba da nauyi, tsawon lokaci da alamun mahimmanci ba, lissafin zai zama na zahiri da ɓarna.
Alamun cututtukan gama gari da mahallin nau'in
Ma'anar da AI ya fi kuskure a cikin ganewar asali shine yana rage nau'i da shekaru mahallin zuwa tsarin "haƙuri" na gaba ɗaya. Duk da haka, wannan alamar tana nuna jeri daban-daban a cikin nau'i daban-daban. Alal misali, yayin da asarar nauyi da karuwar ci suna ba da shawarar hyperthyroidism a cikin cat, wannan hoton yana iya haifar da rashin lafiya ko rashin lafiya na endocrin a cikin kare. Yayin da ake fassara amai na kwatsam a cikin dabbar dabba don jin dadin jikin waje da cututtuka, irin wannan alamar a cikin tsohuwar dabba yana nuna yiwuwar neoplasia (tumoral form). Idan ba ku ba AI wannan mahallin ba, lissafin yana samar da matsakaicin matsayi "na kowane nau'i a kowane zamani" kuma baya nuna yuwuwar gaskiya.
Saboda haka, ko da yaushe saka jinsin, tseren, shekaru kungiyar da physiological matsayi (ciki, lactation, rashin haihuwa) a cikin bambance-bambancen ganewar asali m, kuma kada ku yi shakka a daban-daban tambayar AI don taken "la'akari na musamman ga wannan jinsin / shekaru". Ka tuna, kodayake: Ko da takamaiman nau'in gargaɗin da AI ke bayarwa shine tunatarwa; Likita ne kawai zai iya haɗa cututtukan da ke tattare da ƙabilanci, cututtuka na yanki, da tarihin kowane mai haƙuri. Komai wadatar da lissafin ya zama, ainihin ganowar da aka bayyana a lokacin palpation, auscultation da jarrabawa koyaushe yana sake rubuta tsari.
A takaice
AI shine mnemonic mai ƙarfi da mai tsarawa a cikin ganewar asali; amma baya tantancewa. Ba da fayyace mahallin mahallin da binciken bincike, nemi jeri mai ma'ana, kimanta jajayen tutoci daban-daban tare da alamu masu mahimmanci, da kunkuntar jeri bisa hasken gwaji da aiki. Sakamakon ganewar asali na ƙarshe da shawarar magani koyaushe nasa ne na ƙwararren likita. Kawai saboda AI ta ce "babu gaggawa" baya ware gaggawa; Kar a taɓa tsallake jarrabawa.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin shari'o'i uku da kuka gani na ƙarshe (nau'i, shekaru, nauyi, binciken). Ƙirƙirar jeri tare da samfurin ganewar asali na sama. Sa'an nan: (1) sanya alamar ja a cikin jerin, (2) rubuta yadda binciken da kuka samu a lokacin jarrabawar ta ainihi ya canza matsayi, (3) ku lura cewa jarrabawar ta yi amfani da ku don gano ainihin ganewar asali. Har ila yau la'akari ko akwai yiwuwar AI ta rasa.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] Na ba jinsin, tseren, shekaru, nauyi da alamun mahimmanci.
- [ ] Ina son jeri tare da hujja da gwaji na musamman.
- [ ] Na kimanta jajayen tutoci da kansu tare da alamomi masu mahimmanci.
- [ ] Na bincika takamaiman nau'in / tsere takamaiman tarko.
- [ ] Na takaita lissafin ta hanyar jarrabawa da jarrabawa.
- [ ] A matsayina na likita, na yi bincike na ƙarshe.
- [ ] Na rubuta hukuncin da hujjarsa.