Riba:
- Ability don nazarin tsarin firam / fakiti na ladabi kamar I2C / SPI / UART da TCP / IP, MQTT tare da tallafin AI
- Ikon taƙaita kurakuran yarjejeniya (lokaci, yin magana, checksum) azaman hasashe tare da AI
- Ability don tabbatar da fassarar ƙa'idar AI tare da daidaitaccen takaddun, ma'auni (hankali / fakiti)
Protocol wani tsari ne na ka'idoji da na'urori biyu suka yarda da juna don fahimtar juna: a cikin sauri, a cikin wani tsari, a wane tsari za su yi magana. Ko na'urar firikwensin zafin jiki yayi magana da microcontroller ta hanyar I2C ko na'ura yayi magana da uwar garken girgije ta hanyar TCP/IP da MQTT ya dogara ne akan yarjejeniya. A cikin wannan rukunin, zaku ga yadda ake amfani da AI don bincika firam ɗin / fakiti, kunkuntar kurakuran yarjejeniya, da fahimtar tarin sadarwa (yadudduka a saman juna, daga Layer na zahiri zuwa aikace-aikacen). AI yana da ƙarfi wajen bayyana ka'idoji da samar da hasashe; amma abin da a zahiri ke yin layi ana saninsa ne kawai ta hanyar auna ma'aunin sa (mai nazarin ma'ana, protocol/packet analyzer) da daidaitaccen takarda.
Haɗe-haɗe yarjejeniya: I2C, SPI, UART
Chips akan allo gabaɗaya suna magana da ka'idoji guda uku:
- UART: Layi biyu (TX/RX), babu layin agogo; Dole ne a saita ɓangarorin biyu zuwa gudu ɗaya ( ƙimar baud). Mai sauƙi amma aiki tare ya dogara da sauri.
- SPI: Clock (SCLK), shigar da bayanai / fitarwa (MOSI/MISO) kuma zaɓi layin (CS); Mai sauri, cikakken duplex, amma yana buƙatar ƙarin fil. Clock polarity/phase (CPOL/CPHA) dole ne yayi daidai da ɓangarorin biyu.
- I2C: Layi biyu (SDA / SCL), tushen adireshin, na'urori masu yawa akan layi ɗaya; ja-up resistors da gama gari yanayin. Sannu a hankali amma tattalin arziki.
AI yayi bayanin sosai yadda waɗannan ka'idodin ke aiki, tsarin tsarin su, da abubuwan da ke haifar da gazawa. Tsare-tsare yana lissafa dalilai masu yiwuwa (adireshin da ba daidai ba, bacewar cirewa, rashin daidaituwar saurin gudu, rashin daidaituwar ƙasa, jayayyar layi, tsayin kebul/ƙarar ƙarfi) lokacin da na'urar I2C ta zama mara amsa. Amma wanene daga cikin waɗannan shine ainihin za'a iya fahimta ta hanyar auna layin tare da mai nazarin dabaru da kallon raƙuman ruwa na SDA/SCL; AI yana ba da hasashe, ma'auni ya yanke shawara.
Tukwici: A cikin gazawar yarjejeniya ta serial, tambayi AI "ranga abubuwan da za a iya haifar da su daga mafi kusantar mafi ƙarancin ƙima, kuma duk abin da na gani akan mai nazari ga kowane an tabbatar da shi." Ta wannan hanyar za ku sanya ma'aunin da aka yi niyya; Maimakon gwada kowane dalili ɗaya bayan ɗaya, kallon mai nazari yana kai ku zuwa reshe da ya dace.
Ka'idojin hanyar sadarwa: TCP/IP, UDP, MQTT, CoAP
Ka'idoji masu layi suna shiga cikin wasa yayin da na'urori ke haɗuwa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa da gajimare. TCP/IP tari yana da mahimmanci: hanyar haɗin jiki / bayanai (Ethernet, Wi-Fi), cibiyar sadarwa (IP: adireshi da sarrafawa), sufuri (TCP: abin dogara, jerin, sarrafawa mai gudana / UDP: sauri, rashin aminci), da aikace-aikace (HTTP, MQTT, CoAP). Mahimman ra'ayoyi:
- TCP vs UDP: TCP yana ramawa ga asarar kuma yana ba da garantin oda amma yana gabatar da latency da sama; UDP yana da sauri amma ba shi da garantin isarwa (sauti/bidiyo na ainihi wanda aka fi so don telemetry).
- MQTT: Ƙa'idar saƙon IoT mai sauƙi wanda ke aiki tare da ƙirar wallafe-wallafe; saƙon ta hanyar batutuwa ta hanyar dillali. Matakan QoS sun saita tabbacin isarwa.
- CoAP: HTTP-kamar, ƙa'idar nauyi mai nauyi ta tushen UDP don ƙayyadaddun na'urori.
AI tana nazarin tsarin firam/fakiti na waɗannan ka'idoji, yana taimaka muku fassarar kama Wireshark (mai nazarin fakiti), da kuma sake duba ƙirar taken MQTT. Amma abin da ainihin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ke tabbatarwa ta hanyar kama fakiti, kuma ana tabbatar da halayen uwar garken ta hanyar gwaji na gaske.
Checksum, CRC da tsarawa
Yawancin ka'idoji suna amfani da checksum ko CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) don duba cewa bayanai ba su lalace ba: mai aikawa yana ƙididdige ƙimar tantancewa daga bayanan, mai karɓar yana yin lissafin iri ɗaya kuma ya kwatanta. AI yana kwatanta da rubuta lambar don lissafin CRC / checksum, amma cikakkun bayanai kamar zaɓin polynomial, endianness, ƙimar farko da dai sauransu sun keɓance ga ma'auni; Dole ne a kwatanta lambar CRC da AI ta ƙirƙira a zahiri zuwa ma'anar ƙa'idar a hukumance kuma a tabbatar da ita a kan wani sanannen gwajin gwaji.
uku mini lokuta
Case 1 - Cikakkun cirewa. Ƙungiya ba za ta iya gudanar da firikwensin I2C akan allon burodi ba; baya yarda da adireshin na'urar (babu ACK). AI ya lissafta bacewar resistor da ƙasa gama gari a matsayin mai yuwuwar sanadi. Lokacin kallon layin SDA tare da mai nazari na ma'ana, ana ganin cewa siginar ba zai iya cika babban matakin ba; Sadarwa yana farawa lokacin da aka ƙara resistors masu cirewa. Darasi: AI ya haskaka dalilin da ya fi dacewa, mai nazarin ya tabbatar da shi.
Case 2 - Yanayin SPI mara kyau. Injiniya yana karanta bayanan gibberish daga na'urar SPI. AI yana ba da shawarar rashin daidaituwa na agogo/lokaci (CPOL/CPHA) azaman mai yuwuwar sanadi. A cikin na'urar nazari, agogon yana bayyana don samfur daban fiye da gefen da na'urar ke tsammani; Lokacin da aka gyara yanayin, bayanan suna zama masu ma'ana. Darasi: Alamar "bayanai amma shirme" a cikin SPI yawanci rashin daidaituwa ne; auna ya bayyana hakan.
Case 3 - MQTT QoS rashin fahimta. Wani ma'aikaci yana aika telemetry ta MQTT amma yana ganin wasu saƙonni sun ɓace kuma ya tambayi AI. AI ya furta cewa QoS 0 shine "aƙalla sau ɗaya, ba a ba da garantin bayarwa ba"; Yayi bayanin cewa ana buƙatar QoS 1/2 don bada garantin bayarwa, amma wannan yana gabatar da sama da ƙasa da jinkiri. Ma'aikacin ya canza zuwa QoS 1 dangane da mahimmancin telemetry kuma yana tabbatar da halin dillali tare da gwaji na gaske. Darasi: Bayyana zaɓin ka'idar AI; Zaɓin daidai an yi daidai da aikace-aikacen kuma an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar gwaji.
Samfuran gaggawar da za a iya kwafi
PROTOCOL FAILURE NAVIGATION TEMPLATE"[I2C/SPI/UART/TCP/MQTT] sadarwa yana da alamomi kamar haka: [alama] Matsayin abubuwan da za a iya haifar da su daga mafi kusantar zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta. Ga kowane dalili: (1) me yasa yake ba da wannan alamar, (2) duk abin da na gani akan mai nazari / aunawa, duk abin da aka gani shine CONFEL. KADA KA SANYA tabbataccen ganewar asali;
TEMPLATE TSARI/PACKET ANALYSIS TEMPLATE "Kiyaye abubuwan da ke biyowa [I2C/SPI/UART byte array / fakitin kama] a cikin filayen kuma bayyana kowane filin (adireshi, umarni, bayanai, checksum / CRC, tuta). Bayyana ra'ayin ku game da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan tsari da tsari.
CRC/CHECKSUM TEMPLATE"Yi kwatanta lissafin CRC/Checksum don [kwa'azantawa]: yawan ƙima, ƙimar farko, oda bit, ƙarshe
TEMPLATE PROTOCOL "Yi kwatancen jigilar sufuri / aikace-aikacen kwatancen aikace-aikacen mai zuwa: [buƙata: garantin isarwa, latency, iko, bandwidth, ƙuntatawar na'urar]. Kwatanta zaɓuɓɓukan TCP/UDP da MQTT/CoAP/HTTP tare da waɗannan sharuɗɗan. KADA KA SANYA cikakken zaɓi; daidaita kowane zaɓi kuma bayyana cewa ya kamata a tabbatar da ainihin zaɓin. "
Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
RAUNI GASKIYA: "I2C baya aiki, me yasa?"
KARFIN KYAUTA: "Na'urar firikwensin I2C ba ta ACK (adireshin da ba a yarda da shi ba) Lissafin abubuwan da za su iya farawa daga mafi kusantar: cirewa, ƙasa gama gari, adireshin da ba daidai ba, saurin gudu, ƙarfin kebul, jayayya. Ga kowane dalili, rubuta duk abin da na gani akan SDA / SCL akan mai nazarin dabaru an tabbatar da shi, duk abin da na gani an kawar da shi. Kada ku yi ma'auni.
Rarraunan hanzari yana haifar da zato guda ɗaya; Ƙarfin faɗakarwa yana ba da taswirar bincike wanda za'a iya ƙunsarwa don aunawa, oda da tabbatarwa.
ginshiƙi kwatanta yarjejeniya
yarjejeniya
Nau'in
karfi batu
kayan aiki tabbatarwa
UART
Jerin, ba tare da agogo ba
Sauƙi, layi biyu
Mai nazari na hankali
SPI
Serial, clocked
Mai sauri, cikakken duplex
Mai nazarin dabaru (CPOL/CPHA)
I2C
Serial, mai iya magana
Na'urori da yawa, ƴan fil
Analyzer (ACK, ja-up)
TCP
hanyar sadarwa, sufuri
Amintacce, cikin tsari
Mai nazarin fakiti (Wireshark)
UDP
hanyar sadarwa, sufuri
Mai sauri, rashin jinkiri
fakiti analyzer
MQTT
Aikace-aikace
Fuskar nauyi, mashaya/sabi, QoS
Login dillali + kama fakiti
Tsanaki: Samun AI ta fassara kama yarjejeniya yana da sauri, amma AI na iya yin kuskuren ɗaukar odar bit ko iyakar filin. Tabbatar da kowane bincike akan bayanin hukuma na ƙa'idar da sanannen vector na gwaji.
Kuskuren gama gari
- Canza shi bisa hasashen AI ba tare da auna dalilin kuskure ba. Ra'ayin mai nazari yana jagorantar ku zuwa dalilin da ya dace.
- Yin watsi da CPOL/CPHA a cikin SPI. "Akwai bayanai amma shirme ne" sau da yawa rashin daidaituwa na yanayin.
- Manta ja-up da gama gari akan I2C. Wannan shine dalilin da ya fi dacewa na "rashin aiki kwata-kwata".
- Zaton sigogin CRC. Polynomial, farawa, tsari na bit sun keɓance ga ma'auni; An tabbatar da shi tare da gwajin vector.
- MQTT QoS mai ruɗani tare da garantin bayarwa. QoS 0 baya garanti; Ana yin zaɓin kuma an gwada shi bisa ga aikace-aikacen.
A takaice
A cikin wannan rukunin kun yi amfani da AI azaman taimako mai ƙarfi wajen bayyana ƙa'idodi kamar I2C/SPI/UART da TCP/IP, MQTT, ƙididdigar firam/ fakiti da kuma taƙaita abubuwan da ke haifar da kuskure. Amma ƙa'idodi daidai ne kuma daidaitattun daidaito: abin da a zahiri ke yin layi ana ƙaddara ta hanyar dabaru / fakiti na nazari, ana ƙayyade daidaiton bincike ta hanyar ma'anar tsari da gwajin gwajin gwaji, ana ƙayyade dalilin kuskure ta hanyar aunawa. Gudanar da AI don ba da "mafi yiwuwa dalilin da ma'auni don tabbatar da shi"; Bari mai nazari da ma'auni su yanke shawara.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Zaɓi yanayin rashin nasarar tsarin yarjejeniya (misali babu I2C ACK). Nemi taswirar bincike na jeri da ma'auni-tabbatacciyar taswira daga AI tare da samfuri "laifi takurawa yarjejeniya". Sannan ɗauki samfurin byte array (misali firam ɗin karatun firikwensin) kuma sanya shi tare da tsarin "Frame/packet parsing" kuma lura da zato na ƙarshe. A ƙarshe, tabbatar da lambar CRC akan sanannen gwajin gwajin tare da samfurin "CRC/checksum verification".
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] Na tabbatar da dalilin gazawar ta hanyar ma'aunin nazari, ba ta hanyar tsinkayar AI ba.
- [ ] Na jera CPOL/CPHA akan SPI, adireshi/ ja-up/ sarrafa ƙasa na gama gari akan I2C.
- [ ] Na kwatanta firam/fakitin fakiti tare da ma'anar yarjejeniya ta hukuma.
- [ ] Na tabbatar da ma'auni na CRC/checksum tare da vector na gwaji.
- [ ] Na yi zaɓin tsarin sufuri / aikace-aikacen bisa ga abin da ake buƙata kuma na gwada shi tare da gwaji na gaske.
- [ ] Na fassara daidai ma'anar garantin isar da MQTT QoS.