Riba:
- Ikon haɓaka ƙira, zaɓin kayan aiki da ƙididdige ƙididdiga na samarwa / cinyewa tare da AI da tabbatarwa tare da takaddar bayanai
- Ƙarfin yin bita da shimfidar PCB, ɗorawa Layer da ƙa'idodin amincin sigina tare da tallafin AI
- Ikon gwada hanyoyin kewayawa / shimfidar wuri wanda AI ya ba da shawara tare da DRC, simulation da ma'aunin samfuri
Samfurin lantarki shine samfurin manyan matakai guda biyu: ƙira: zane mai ma'ana na abubuwan haɗin gwiwa da haɗin kai da shimfidawa (yadda ake tsara waɗannan abubuwan a zahiri akan allon da'ira da aka buga). Jadawalin ya ƙayyade "abin da za a haɗa"; "Inda kuma yadda za a haɗa shi" an ƙayyade a cikin shimfidar wuri. A cikin wannan rukunin za ku ga yadda ake amfani da AI azaman mai haɓakawa a cikin matakai biyu, amma me yasa aka yanke shawarar ƙarshe ta takaddar bayanai, simulation, bincika ƙa'idar ƙira (DRC: Binciken atomatik na masana'anta da dokokin lantarki) da ma'aunin samfuri. Babban tashin hankali a nan shi ne AI yana bayyana da kyau yadda za'a yi aiki da da'ira, amma baya auna ainihin iyakokin ainihin abubuwan da kuka zaɓa da kuma gaskiyar zahirin hukumar ku.
Inda AI ke da ƙarfi a ƙirar kewaye
AI yana da ƙarfi akan ɓangaren "tunani" na ƙira: samar da zaɓuɓɓukan topology, bayanin yadda ake gina toshe, nuna matakan da za a yi amfani da dabara a cikin takaddar bayanan, da gina kwarangwal na asusu. Misali, zai iya ba ku matakan ƙira na mai rarraba wutar lantarki (sauƙaƙin da'ira mai daidaita ƙarfin shigarwa tare da resistors guda biyu), matattarar ƙarancin wucewa ko toshe amplifier op-amp, cikin tsari. Za a iya tattauna waɗanne fil ɗin za su yi ma'ana don haɗa abubuwan haɗin microcontroller, waɗanne layukan da ke da amo. Yana taimaka muku ƙirƙirar itacen wuta: zane mai nuna wanne mai sarrafa kowane toshe ake ciyar da shi.
Amma a nan yana da mahimmanci don yin bambance-bambance mai mahimmanci: ƙimar resistor, ƙimar capacitor ko zaɓin mai sarrafawa da AI ta bayar shine farkon. Haƙiƙanin ƙimar ya dogara da ƙarfin ƙarfin ku/na yanzu/haƙuri, kewayon zafin jiki, da takaddar bayanan ɓangaren da kuka zaɓa. Cikakkun bayanai kamar ƙarfin (wattage) na resistor, juriyar ƙarfin lantarki da tasirin nuna son rai na DC na capacitor (ƙarfinsa yana raguwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki), ƙimar RDS (akan) MOSFET suna da mahimmanci a cikin samfurin kuma ana tabbatar dasu kawai daga takaddar bayanai.
Ƙididdigar wutar lantarki da wadata (ƙarashin wutar lantarki).
Ɗaya daga cikin ayyuka na yau da kullum shine ƙirƙirar kasafin kuɗi na wutar lantarki: ƙara yawan adadin halin yanzu kowane toshe yana zana da zabar mai sarrafawa da kuma samar da hanyar daidai. AI na iya taimaka maka saita wannan tebur, amma kowane ƙimar yanzu a cikin layuka dole ne ta fito daga takaddar bayanan ɓangaren; AI yana cewa "yawanci yana jan wannan da yawa" ba inganci ba ne.
Tukwici: Shin AI ta gina teburin kasafin kuɗi na wutar lantarki azaman “kwarangwal mara komai” (bangaren, toshe, min/na al'ada/max halin yanzu, ginshiƙin tushe). Sannan cika kowane tantanin halitta da kanku daga takardar bayanan. Don haka AI yana adana lokaci amma baya yin lambobi.
AI na iya tunatar da ku game da ka'idodi na gaba ɗaya (sanya kusa da guntu kamar yadda zai yiwu, yi amfani da gajerun hanyoyi masu faɗi da fa'ida, daidaita dabi'u daban-daban) game da ƙaddamarwa / kewayawa capacitors (decoupling capacitor: capacitor sanya kusa da ƙarshen samar da kowane guntu, saduwa da buƙatun na yanzu da kuma kawar da hayaniya). Koyaya, amsar tambayar nawa kuma wacce ƙimar ta dogara da shawarwarin da ke cikin takaddar bayanan guntu da mitar aiki.
Mutuncin sigina a cikin shimfidar PCB
Mutuncin sigina shine ikon sigina don isa inda yake ba tare da an karkatar da shi akan katin ba. Hanyoyi huɗu suna fitowa akai-akai a cikin ƙira mai sauri:
- Magana/jirgin ƙasa: Ƙarƙashin ƙarfe mai ci gaba da jan ƙarfe wanda abin da ke gudana a halin yanzu na siginar yana gudana. Idan an katse shi, hayaniya da radiation za su karu.
- Hanyar dawowa: Kowane sigina na yanzu yana da hanyar dawowa; Dole ne wannan hanya ta gudana ba tare da katsewa ba, kusa da alamar siginar.
- Crosstalk: Siginar waƙa ɗaya tana tsalle zuwa waƙar maƙwabta. Yana raguwa tare da nisa tsakanin su da kusancin jirgin.
- Sarrafa impedance: A cikin manyan layukan sauri, ana ƙididdige faɗin alamar ganowa da tari (tari) don cimma wani ƙayyadaddun halayen halayen (misali 50 Ω ko 100 Ω bambanta).
AI yana da kyau sosai a juya waɗannan ƙa'idodin zuwa jerin abubuwan dubawa. Kuna iya kwatanta tsarin ku kuma ku tambayi "waɗanne haɗari zan bincika amincin sigina a cikin wannan shimfidar wuri?" Amma fa'idar gano nisa, sharewa da ƙimar impedance ana ƙaddara ta hanyar mai warware filin ko kayan aikin lissafin janareta bisa ga ainihin ma'aunin Layer da ikon masana'anta na katin ku; Ƙimar da AI ta bayar kamar "0.3 mm alama na 50 Ω" ya kamata a tabbatar da tabbas saboda ya dogara da kauri da kayan.
uku mini lokuta
Case 1 - DC tarkon son zuciya. Mai zane yana tace layin 3.3 V tare da shawarar AI "10 µF, 6.3 V, X7R ceramic capacitor." Katin ya fi surutu fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Lokacin da aka auna, ana ganin cewa wannan ƙaramin fakitin capacitor ya rasa fiye da rabin ƙarfin ƙarfin sa ƙasa da 3.3 V (tasirin nuna son kai na DC). Lokacin da aka bincika lanƙwan ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin takardar bayanan, ana ganin ƙimar inganci ta faɗi zuwa ~ 4µF. AI ya ba da ƙimar gabaɗaya; Haƙiƙanin ɗabi'a yana bayyana daga madaidaicin bayanan bayanai kawai.
Case 2 - Truncated jirgin sama. Wani injiniya ya kwatanta tsarinsa zuwa AI, yana lura da cewa "layin sigina mai sauri yana wucewa ta hanyar tsagawa a cikin jirgin ƙasa a ƙasa." AI yana tunatar da cewa wannan na iya tsawaita hanyar dawowa kuma ya haifar da radiation da hayaniya, kuma yana da mahimmanci kada a wuce layin ta hanyar tsaga ko sanya capacitor gada. Injiniyan yana ɗaukar wannan azaman faɗakarwa, a gani na yana tabbatar da tsaga a cikin ra'ayi na 3D na allon, kuma ya sake hanyar layi. Anan AI yayi aiki azaman jerin abubuwan dubawa; Injiniyan ya yanke shawarar tare da hujja mai iya aunawa.
Case 3 - Daidaitaccen fakitin daidai. Wani ma'aikaci ya nemi AI don ƙirƙirar "hangen sawun" don mai haɗawa (tsarin tsibiri mai siyar da kayan a kan allo). AI yana ba da ma'auni masu kama da ma'ana. Mai horon yana amfani da wannan ba tare da kwatanta shi da zanen injinan masana'anta ba; Lokacin da katunan sun zo, mai haɗawa bai dace ba. Hanyar da ta dace ita ce tabbatar da kowane sawun sawun baki ɗaya daga zanen injuna na hukuma; AI ba za ta taɓa rufe samar da sawun sawun da kanta ba.
Samfuran gaggawar da za a iya kwafi
KASHIN KUDIN WUTA" Ƙirƙirar kwarangwal ɗin tebur na kasafin kuɗi mara ƙarfi don waɗannan tubalan: [jerin bulogi/kwakwalwa] ginshiƙai: ginshiƙan: bangaren, ƙarfin lantarki, min/nau'i/max halin yanzu, tushen (lambar shafi na bayanai), bayanin kula. Bar ƙimar lambobi BLANK; lura cewa kowane halin yanzu yakamata a cika shi daga madaidaitan bayanan da ya dace da zaɓaɓɓen bayanan da za a yi amfani da shi. karshen."
SIGNAL INTEGRITY TECKLIST TEMPLATE "Yi la'akari da shimfidar wuri mai zuwa: [bayanin allon allo; adadin yadudduka, layukan sauri, tubalan analog masu mahimmanci]. Bayyana haɗarin da nake buƙata don bincika amincin siginar da amincin ƙarfin, abu da abu: ci gaba da jirgin ƙasa, hanyar dawowa, ƙaddamar da capacitor wuri, crosstalk, impedance na tabbatar da kowane abu'. gano "BADA nisa/ƙimar hanawa."
TEMPLATE ZABI NA ZABI"Jera sigogin bayanan da zan bincika lokacin zabar wani sashi don toshe mai zuwa: [kayyade bayanin, misali.
TEMPLATE SCHEME REVIEW TEMPLATE"Yi bita bayanin tsare-tsaren da ke ƙasa kuma ku nemi kurakurai masu yuwuwa a cikin hanyar tambaya (misali 'wannan fil ɗin yana buƙatar resistor mai cirewa', 'mai tsarawa yana ba da mafi ƙarancin kaya a halin yanzu'). KAR KA CE cikakkar gaskiya/ƙarya; zai fitar da jerin tambayoyi don in duba saɓanin takaddar bayanan.
Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
RAUNI GASKIYA: "Wane capacitor zan saka don 3.3 V?"
KARFIN GASKIYA: "Bayyana waɗanne ma'auni (ƙarfin, ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki, jure wa gefe, tasirin nuna son kai na DC, nau'in dielectric
Rarraunan faɗakarwa yana gayyatar ku don ƙirƙirar ƙima ɗaya; Ƙarfin faɗakarwa yana ba ku marquee wanda ke yin tambayoyin da suka dace.
Tabbataccen yadudduka a ƙirar kewaye/PCB
Layer
Me yake aikatawa
Matsayin AI
Takardar bayanai
Yana dawo da ainihin iyakoki na ɓangaren
Yana haifar da lissafin siga da tambaya
Simulation (SPICE)
Lambobi yana annabta halayen da'ira
Fitar shigarwa da kuma jerin jerin abubuwan da ke faruwa
DRC/ERC
Ƙirƙirar ƙira da duba ƙa'idodin lantarki
Yana ba da jerin dokoki don dubawa
Ma'aunin samfuri
Yana gyara akan katin gaske
Yana ba da shawarar tsarin aunawa da wurin gwaji
Tsanaki: Ko da simintin SPICE (warware da'ira tare da ƙirar lissafi) yana da kyau kawai kamar daidaiton ƙirar. Simintin da AI ya kafa baya ba da garantin gaskiya ba tare da lissafin ainihin samfuran kayan aikin da tasirin parasitic (juriya / inductance na alamu).
Kuskuren gama gari
- Ba duba ƙimar ɓangaren da AI ta bayar tare da takaddar bayanan ba. Ƙaunar DC, zafin jiki da iyakan wutar lantarki suna da mahimmanci ga samfurin.
- Yin la'akari da impedance/faɗin alama mai zaman kansa ba tare da tari ba. Darajar ya bambanta da kayan abu da kauri; Ana ƙididdige yanki tare da kayan aiki mai warwarewa/janeneta.
- Rashin tabbatar da sawun sawun tare da zanen injina. Tsarin tsibiri na siyar da ba daidai ba zai zubar da dukkan allo.
- Yin la'akari da ƙirar da aka gama da zarar ta wuce DRC. Ko da an zartar da dokokin DRC, ana tabbatar da amincin sigina da yanayin zafi daban.
- Saka sakamakon AI's SPICE a madadin samfurin. Simulation shine tsinkaya; Maganar ƙarshe ita ce ma'aunin ku.
A takaice
A cikin wannan rukunin kun sanya AI azaman mai haɓakawa da janareta jerin abubuwan dubawa a cikin zane-zane, kasafin kuɗi da tsarin PCB. AI yana ba da shawarar topology, ƙididdige ƙididdiga, tunatar da haɗarin amincin sigina, kuma yana haifar da tambayoyin bita. Amma ana tabbatar da kowane ƙimar ɓangaren daga takaddar bayanan, kowane ƙima / ƙimar ganowa daga lissafin tarin Layer, kowane sawun ƙafa daga zanen injina, da kowane shawarar ƙira daga DRC, simulation da ma'aunin samfuri. Yi amfani da AI a matsayin abokin tarayya wanda "ya sa ku yi tambayoyin da suka dace" maimakon "ba ku lambobi".
Aikin aikace-aikace
Zaɓi ƙaramin toshewar da'ira (misali mai sarrafa kuɗi ko na'urar firikwensin firikwensin). Da farko cire sigogin bayanan bayanan da za a sarrafa su daga AI tare da samfurin "tambayoyin zaɓin abubuwan". Sa'an nan kuma saita tebur mara kyau tare da samfurin "Kwararrun kasafin kuɗi" kuma cika ƙimar abubuwan abubuwan biyu daga ainihin takaddun bayanai. A ƙarshe, yi amfani da samfurin “Jerin bincikar Sigina” don jera haɗarin turawa kuma rubuta yadda zaku tabbatar da kowannensu.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [] Na tabbatar da kowane ƙimar kayan aikin AI da aka ba da shawara daga takaddar bayanan (ciki har da son zuciya na DC, zafin jiki, ƙarfi).
- [ ] Ban daidaita magudanar ruwa a cikin teburin kasafin kuɗi na wutar lantarki zuwa AI ba, amma na cika su daga takaddun bayanan.
- [ ] Na lissafta ma'aunin girman girman girman ra'ayi tare da ma'aunin Layer da kayan aikin mai warwarewa / janareta.
- [ ] Na kwatanta kowane sawun sawun da zanen injiniyoyi.
- [ ] Na yi shirin tabbatar da shimfidar wuri tare da DRC/ERC, simulation da tsarin ma'aunin samfuri.
- [] Na sanya alamar AI a matsayin farkon don tabbatarwa, ba ƙirar ƙarshe ba.