Riba:
- Ikon haɗa bayanan meteorological (zazzabi, hazo, GDD, haɗarin sanyi, zafi) zuwa taga yanke shawarar aikin gona
- Ikon haɗa hasashen yanayi da phenology tare da AI don samar da daftarin jadawalin kariyar feshi / girbi / sanyi
- Ƙarfin fassara daidaitaccen rashin tabbas na hasashen hasashen da maganganu masu yuwuwa da sarrafa haɗari tare da yanke hukuncin agronomist
Kusan kowane yanke shawara a aikin gona yana haɗuwa da yanayin: lokacin da za a shuka, lokacin da za a fesa, lokacin da za a sha ruwa, lokacin girbi, sanyi zai zo da dare? Gogaggen manomi yana karantawa da yawa ta hanyar kallon sararin sama, amma yanayin yanzu kuma ana iya karanta shi a adadi: zazzabi, hazo, zafi, iska, hasken rana da hasashensu. Wannan rukunin yana koya muku haɗa bayanan yanayin yanayi zuwa taga yanke shawarar aikin gona, haɗa hasashen yanayi da haɓaka shuka tare da ƙwarewar wucin gadi don samar da daftarin lokaci, kuma - mafi mahimmancin batu - karanta ainihin rashin tabbas. Domin hasashen yanayi abu ne mai yiwuwa; Yin amfani da shi a matsayin tabbas yana ɗaya daga cikin kurakurai mafi tsada.
Mahimman Canjin yanayi don Noma
Zazzabi ba lamba ba ce kawai; Ita ce injin ci gaban shuka. Don auna wannan, ana amfani da GDD (Growing Degree Days): ana cire matsakaicin zafin rana na yau da kullun daga tushen zafin samfurin kuma ana tarawa. GDD shine mafi amintaccen “agogon nazarin halittu” fiye da kalanda; Yana tsinkaya ko wane mataki shuka zai kasance a ciki da kuma lokacin da wasu kwari zasu bayyana dangane da tarin zafi.
Hazo da zafi suna ƙayyade kasafin ruwa da haɗarin cututtuka. Daukewar ganye mai tsayi da zafi mai yawa sune abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan fungal da yawa; Shi ya sa wasu tsarin faɗakarwar cututtuka kai tsaye suna lura da yanayin zafi-zazzabi.
Haɗarin sanyi lamari ne na rayuwa da mutuwa ga gonar lambu, musamman a lokacin lokacin furanni; 'Yan sa'o'i kaɗan na rage yanayin zafi na iya lalata samfuran gaba ɗaya. Hasashen sanyi yana da mahimmanci don ƙaddamar da matakan kariya akan lokaci (kariyar sanyi tare da ban ruwa, injin iska).
Iska kai tsaye yana rinjayar shawarar fesa: a cikin manyan iskoki, magungunan kashe qwari, ba zai kai ga abin da ake nufi ba kuma yana lalata yanki/muhalli maƙwabta.
Mai canzawa
shawarar dogara
AI gudunmawa
GDD (tarin zafi)
Phenology, bayyanar kwaro
Hasashen lokaci/fitowa
Hazo + rigar ganye
Hadarin cuta, ban ruwa
Gargadin taga hadarin
Frost (minti zazzabi)
Kariyar sanyi yana jawo
Alamar dare mai haɗari
iska
Lokacin fesa
Dace shawarar taga
zafi + zafin jiki
samfurin cuta
Haɗin yanayin mahimmanci
Rashin Hasashen Karatu
Mafi mahimmancin ra'ayi na wannan rukunin: hasashen yanayi abu ne mai yuwuwa, ba alkawari ba. Maganar "70% na ruwan sama gobe" ba yana nufin "lalle zai yi ruwan sama" ba; Wannan yana nufin cewa 7 cikin 10 yanayi iri ɗaya suna fuskantar hazo. Amincewar hasashen yana faɗuwa da sauri tare da lokaci: tsinkayar kwanaki 1-2 abu ne mai dogaro sosai, tsinkayar kwanaki 7 mummunan yanayi ne, hasashen kwanaki 14 shine kusan matsakaicin yanayi. Ilimin wucin gadi na iya ɓoye wannan shubuha tare da kyawawan kalmomi; Aikin ku shine ku kiyaye shi a bayyane.
Tukwici: Lokacin tambayar AI yanke shawara ta tushen yanayi, ce "haɗa da yiwuwar da lokacin amincewa, kar ku kasance takamaiman." Maimakon "dakatar da fesa har zuwa gobe", fitarwa kamar "iska gobe yana iya yin ƙasa da X%, amma akwai kwanaki 2 na rashin tabbas" yana da amfani sosai.
Karamin Harkoki guda uku: Ta Lambobi
Case 1 - Lokaci tare da GDD. Ana sa ran fitowar kwaro a cikin gonar apple a cikin "tsakiyar Mayu" bisa ga kalanda. Tare da saka idanu na GDD, an ga cewa tarin zafi ya ƙare a wannan shekarar; An dage sakin kwanaki 11 bayan haka. Tarkon sa ido ya tabbatar da hasashen GDD kuma ba a ɓata feshin ba da wuri amma an yi shi daidai a lokacin bayyanar.
Hali na 2 - Yiwuwar kuskuren karantawa. Wani mai samarwa ya dogara da hasashen "60% ruwan sama" kuma ya soke ban ruwa; Ruwan sama bai zo ba kuma shukar ta sami damuwa na kwana biyu. Darasi: 60% ba "tabbas" bane. Lokaci na gaba, an yanke shawarar ta hanyar kimanta yiwuwar hasashen tare da firikwensin danshi na ƙasa; Idan akwai ƙarancin zafi, an yi amfani da ban ruwa mai haske ba tare da jiran ruwan sama ba.
Hali na 3 - Kariyar sanyi. AI ta nuna ƙarancin yuwuwar sanyi na kwanaki uku a gaba, amma injiniyan kuma ya kula da radar da tashar gida, sanin rashin tabbas na kwanaki 5. Yayin da dare mai tsanani ya gabato, hasashen ya yi tsanani; An kunna ban ruwa mai kare sanyi a cikin lokaci kuma an ajiye furanni. Idan mutum ya amince da hasashen mai nisa a makance, za a kama shi ba tare da shiri ba.
Rauni Mai Sauƙi / Ƙarfi Mai ƙarfi
Rawanin faɗakarwa:
Yaushe zan fesa a wannan makon?
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:
Matsayinku: Masanin aikin gona yana tallafawa ilimin yanayin noma. Fassara tsinkayar kwanaki 7 da ke ƙasa (rana, min / max zafin jiki, yuwuwar hazo, iska, zafi) .Aiki: - Lissafin dacewar windows don fesa; baratar da iska da hazo takura. - Ƙara zuwa kowace shawara YIWUWAR Hasashen da adadin kwanakin rashin tabbas da yake ɗauka. - Amfani da madaidaicin harshe; Bayyana shi kamar "mafi yiwuwa / rashin tabbas". - Alama idan akwai yanayin zafi + yanayin zafi wanda ke da haɗari ga cututtukan fungal. - Lura cewa ina buƙatar yanke shawara tare da firikwensin / filin. Hasashen: [kwanaki 7 na bayanai]
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yana tilasta yuwuwa da rashin tabbas, yana hana madaidaicin harshe, kuma baya danganta yanke shawara ga tushe guda.
Samfura guda huɗu masu Kwafi
1) GDD kalkuleta da phenology:
Samfuri [..], tushen zafin jiki [..]°C. Matsakaicin yau da kullun na yanzu. tara GDD tare da yanayin zafi da kuma hasashen yiwuwar matakin haɓaka dangane da tarin na yanzu. Bayyana rashin tabbas; rubuta cewa ana buƙatar tabbatarwa ta hanyar lura da filin.
2) Tagar fesa:
Ya ba da shawarar tagogi 2 mafi dacewa don feshi dangane da hasashen iskar da ruwan sama na kwanaki 7. Rubuta saurin iskar, yuwuwar hazo da hatsaniya ga kowane. Idan babu taga mai dacewa, faɗi haka a fili.
3) Haɗarin sanyi da wuri:
A cikin dare masu zuwa, min. Auna zafin jiki da yuwuwar sanyi. Alama dare a cikin haɗarin faɗuwa ƙasa da mahimmin kofa (~ 0°C a lokacin fure) kuma rubuta rashin tabbas na hasashen. Bugu da ƙari, bayar da shawarar ko wane tushe na gida ya kamata in duba.
4) Tagan hadarin cuta:
Alama windows inda haɗarin cututtukan fungal ya karu dangane da tsawon lokacin jiƙa na ganye da bayanan zafi/zazzabi na wannan amfanin gona. Yin ganewar asali; faɗakarwa kawai a matakin "sharuɗɗan sun dace, ƙara saka idanu".
Kuskuren gama gari
- Yiwuwar kuskure don tabbas. "60% hazo" ba garanti ba ne; Karka kafa shawararka akan zato guda daya.
- Dogaro da tsinkaya mai nisa. Kwanaki 7 a gaba shine yanayin; Yi yanke shawara mai mahimmanci tare da sabunta hasashen yayin da yake gabatowa.
- GDD zafin gindi mai haɗewa. Tushen kowane samfurin ya bambanta; tushe mara kyau zai canza duk tarin.
- Yin watsi da iska. Fesa a cikin manyan iskoki yana nufin ɓata lokaci da lalacewar muhalli.
- Amincewa da tushe guda ɗaya. Tauraron dan adam, radar, tashar gida da filin tare sun fi dogaro.
Tsanaki: Dogaro da makaho akan hasashen nesa a cikin yanke shawara na lokaci kamar kariyar sanyi, fesa da girbi yana da tsada. Karanta tsinkaya azaman rarraba yiwuwar kuma sabunta shawarar yayin da kuke kusanci dare/rana mai mahimmanci.
A takaice
Bayanan yanayi shine lokacin yanke shawarar aikin gona: GDD yana ƙayyade phenology da fitowar kwaro, haɗarin cutar zafi-zazzabi, min. Zazzabi yana ƙayyade haɗarin sanyi, iska ta ƙayyade taga feshin. AI yana da ƙarfi wajen haɗa wannan bayanan da kuma samar da jadawalin tsarawa, amma hasashen yana da yuwuwa kuma kwarin gwiwa yana raguwa akan lokaci. Nisantar AI daga madaidaicin harshe, sanya yuwuwa da rashin tabbas a bayyane, yanke shawara tare da firikwensin da filin, kuma dogara akan hasashen halin yanzu a lokuta masu mahimmanci.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Shirya teburin hasashen yanayi na kwanaki 7 wakili (min/max zafin jiki, yuwuwar hazo, iska, zafi). Ba da shi ga AI tare da samfurin "taga mai fesa" da "hadarin sanyi" a cikin wannan rukunin. A cikin fitarwa, la'akari da ko AI yayi magana da tabbaci ko yuwuwa, ko ya ƙayyade lokacin rashin tabbas, kuma ko ya faɗi haka da gaske idan babu taga akwai. Rubuta ƙarin kayan aikin da za ku yi amfani da su don yanke shawara, ba kawai zato ba.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] Na fassara yiwuwar ruwan sama / sanyi a matsayin mai yiwuwa, ba tabbas ba.
- [ ] Na yi la'akari da lokacin amincewar hasashen (sabuntawa yayin da yake gabatowa).
- [ ] Na yi amfani da madaidaicin zafin jiki na GDD daidai bisa ga samfurin.
- [ ] Na duba hadarin iska/drift a cikin shawarar fesa.
- [] Na yanke shawarar lokaci mai mahimmanci tare da hukuncin injiniya, wanda yawancin albarkatu da filin ke goyan bayan.