Riba:
- Ikon karanta ma'auni na asali (pH, EC, OM, N-P-K, KDK) da madaidaicin ƙofa a cikin rahoton binciken ƙasa
- Ikon samar da daftarin shawarwarin taki bisa ga samfur da yawan amfanin ƙasa da sarrafa ma'aunin abinci mai gina jiki tare da AI
- Ikon tabbatar da shawarwarin taki AI tare da daidaitawa na gida, dokoki da iyakokin muhalli da hana wuce gona da iri.
Ƙasa ita ce injiniyan aikin gona mai shiru: samar da ruwa, iska da abubuwan gina jiki ga shuka; rike tushen; Tsarin rai ne mai cike da kwayoyin halitta. Babban tushen bayanai mafi ƙarfi da muke da shi lokacin fara lokacin samarwa shine rahoton nazarin ƙasa - takaddun da dakin gwaje-gwaje ke auna samfurin da aka ɗauka daga ƙasa kuma ya raba shi zuwa lambar shafi. Amma wannan shafin baƙon harshe ne ga yawancin masu samarwa: pH, EC, OM, KDK, ppm ... Wannan rukunin yana koya muku karanta wannan harshe, fassara shi da sauri da kuma daidai tare da basirar wucin gadi, da kuma tsarawa da kuma tabbatar da mafi mahimmancin fitarwa - girke-girke na taki. Bari mu ce daga farko: takardar sayan taki yana da mahimmancin aminci ta fuskar muhalli da tattalin arziki; AI ta samar da daftarin, amincewar ƙarshe ta tafi ga injiniya.
Karatun Rahoton Ƙasa: Ma'auni na asali
Kodayake kowane rahoto ya bambanta, kashin baya ɗaya ne. Sanin waɗannan sigogi:
pH (acidity/alkalinity): A kan sikelin 0-14, yana gaya muku ko ƙasa acidic ne ko alkaline. 7 shine tsaka tsaki, ƙasa shine acidic, sama shine alkaline. Don yawancin amfanin gona na gona, 6.0-7.0 ya dace; saboda abubuwan gina jiki sun fi sauƙin shiga cikin wannan kewayon. A ƙasa da pH 5, phosphorus da molybdenum suna kulle, ƙwayar aluminum ta fara; Sama da 8, baƙin ƙarfe, zinc da phosphorus yana raguwa. Ko da taki mafi tsada ba shi da amfani idan pH ba daidai ba ne.
EC (lantarki): Yana nuna adadin narkar da gishiri a cikin ƙasa; Ma'aunin gishiri ne. Babban EC (kimanin sama da 4 dS/m, ya bambanta da amfanin gona) yana sa tushen ya yi wahala ya sha ruwa, kusan yana “dehydrating” shuka da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.
OM (kwayoyin halitta): Ma'anar ƙarfin ƙasa da yawan aiki; yana ba da ajiyar ruwa, ajiyar kayan abinci da tsari. Kasa 2% yana da ƙasa a yawancin ƙasa; 3-5% yana da kyau.
Macro na gina jiki N-P-K: Nitrogen (N, ci gaban ganye-stem), Phosphorus (P, tushen-flower-iri), Potassium (K, ruwa ma'auni-cuta juriya). Yawancin lokaci ana ba da shi azaman ppm (ɓangare a kowace miliyan) ko kg/da.
KDK (Karfin Canjin Cation): Abubuwan gina jiki (cation) riƙe ƙarfin ƙasa. Ƙasar yumbu tare da babban KDK yana riƙe taki; Ƙasa mai yashi tare da ƙananan KDK yana da saukin kamuwa da leaching kuma ya zama dole a rarraba takin ta hanyar rarraba shi.
Siga
ƙananan
dace
babba
Kammalawa
pH
<5.5 acid
6.0-7.0
8.0 alkaline
Samuwar abinci mai gina jiki
EC (dS/m)
<2
2-4 (dangane da samfur)
>4 gishiri
damuwa shan ruwa
OM (%)
<2
3-5
>6
inganci/tsari
KDK
<10 zafi
10-25
> 25 yumbu
rike taki
Tukwici: Koyaushe fara rahoton fassarar da pH. Idan pH ya kashe, ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki suna yaudara; Ko da yake akwai alamun da yawa na phosphorus a cikin ƙasa, pH na acidic na iya kulle shi. Na farko, wajibi ne don kawo ƙasa zuwa pH daidai (liming / sulfurization), sannan takin.
Inganta Haki: Hankali
Hadi mai kyau yana amsa tambayoyi hudu: menene (abin da ya ɓace), nawa (da ake buƙata don yawan amfanin ƙasa - samuwa a cikin ƙasa), lokacin (raba ta hanyar phenology), yaya (tushe / saman, yadawa / banding / hadi). AI yana da sauri wajen samar da zayyana akan waɗannan tambayoyi guda huɗu, amma yana da iyaka guda uku: daidaitawa na gida (bincike guda ɗaya yana buƙatar shawarwari daban-daban a yankuna daban-daban), dokoki (umarnin nitrate, wurare masu mahimmanci) da yanayi (yawancin nitrogen ya shiga cikin ruwa, da yawa phosphorus eutrophicates). Don haka shawarar AI koyaushe ana tace ta hanyar ƙimar jagorar gida da hukuncin injiniya.
Karamin Harkoki guda uku: Ta Lambobi
Case 1 - Kulle phosphorus. A cikin wani fili na tumatir, rahoton ya ce "phosphorus ya wadatar" amma tsire-tsire suna da ganyen shunayya (alama ta karancin phosphorus). AI ya nuna cewa pH ya kasance 5.2: phosphorus yana cikin ƙasa, amma pH acidic ya kulle shi. Maganin ba ƙarin phosphorus bane amma liming; an hana takin da ba dole ba.
Case na 2 - Yawaita tarkon nitrogen. AI ta ba da shawarar kilogiram 45 na nitrogen mai tsafta a kowace decare don fakitin alkama. Injiniyan ya san cewa yawan amfanin da aka yi niyya da jagorar yankin sun nuna 14-16 kg; Shawarar ta kasance mafi girma sau uku. Bayan duba abubuwan da aka shigar, ya bayyana cewa AI ta ɗauki filin "al'adar manufa" tare da rukunin da ba daidai ba. Idan an aiwatar da shi, za a iya samun haɗarin rashin lafiya a gado da kuma gurɓataccen nitrate.
Hali na 3 - Rarraba a cikin ƙasa mai yashi. A cikin filin masara mai yashi tare da KDK na 8, AI ta fara ba da duk nitrogen a lokaci ɗaya. Injiniyan ya gyara: a cikin ƙananan ƙasa KDK ana zubar da nitrogen; An raba kashi zuwa 3-4 kuma an rarraba shi a cikin matakan ci gaba. Tare da jimlar nitrogen iri ɗaya, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya ƙaru kuma asara ya ragu.
Rauni Mai Sauƙi / Ƙarfi Mai ƙarfi
Rawanin faɗakarwa:
Bisa ga wannan bincike na ƙasa, wane taki zan shafa kuma nawa? [rahoto]
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:
Matsayinku: Masanin ilimin abinci na shuka. Fassara nazarin ƙasa a ƙasa.- Yi la'akari da pH da EC FARKO; idan ana buƙatar gyara, gaya mani KAFIN taki .- Sa'an nan kuma rarraba matsayin N-P-K a matsayin "ƙananan / dace / high", ƙayyade ƙofofin.- Na ba da yawan amfanin da aka yi niyya da samfurin: [samfurin, manufa kg / da] - Ba da shawarar taki a matsayin DRAFT; Rubuta naúrar a cikin kg/da na gina jiki mai tsabta kuma ƙara bayanin kula "dole ne a daidaita shi tare da jagorar gida". - Har ila yau kashedi batun da ke haifar da taki mai yawa / haɗarin muhalli. - Yi alama bayanan da ba ku da tabbas a matsayin "bace, buƙatar tabbatarwa". Rahoton: [daraja + raka'a]
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yana tilasta fifikon pH, ƙofofin rarrabuwa, bayyananniyar ra'ayi, daftarin aiki / faɗakarwar daidaitawa da haɗarin muhalli.
Samfura guda huɗu masu Kwafi
1) Rahoton karatu da rarrabawa:
Rarraba kowane ma'auni (pH, EC, OM, N, P, K, KDK) a cikin wannan binciken ƙasa a matsayin "ƙananan / dace / babba"; Rubuta bakin kofa da kuke amfani da ita kusa da shi. Babu sharhi, tebur kawai. Alama ƙima tare da naúrar shubuha.
2) Kula da fifikon pH:
Bincika ƙimar pH da EC. Shin gyaran ƙasa (liming/sulfurizing/washing) ya zama dole kafin taki? Idan ya cancanta, a taƙaice bayyana a wace hanya kuma me yasa. Dosing; kawai bukata / babu bukata da shugabanci.
3) Kula da ma'auni na gina jiki:
Kwatanta ƙimar N-P-K da aka ba da shawarar zuwa ainihin buƙatun samfurin. Shin daya na gina jiki yana hana ɗayan (misali babban K yana rage shan Mg)? Rubuta hadarin ma'auni.
4) Muhalli da jajayen tuta:
Don wannan daftarin taki: jera haɗarin muhalli/ka'idoji kamar haɗarin leaching/nitrate, ƙuntataccen yanki, hana aikace-aikacen lokaci, da rubuta ma'aunin ragewa ga kowane.
Kuskuren gama gari
- Tsallake pH da tafiya kai tsaye zuwa taki. A pH mara kyau an kulle taki; kudi da abinci sun lalace.
- Raunin ppm tare da kg/da. Kuskuren raka'a na iya mamakin kashi ta hanyar 10; Tabbatar da rukunin kowace ƙima.
- Ba da jimlar nitrogen a lokaci ɗaya. Ana zubar da Nitrogen, musamman a cikin yashi, ƙananan ƙasa KDK; Aiwatar ta hanyar rarrabawa.
- Danganta alamar zuwa dalili guda ɗaya. Ganyen shuɗi "kamar" kamar ƙarancin phosphorus, amma ƙasa mai sanyi kuma tana ba da alama iri ɗaya.
- Aiwatar da adadin AI ba tare da daidaitawa na gida ba. Binciken iri ɗaya yana buƙatar shawarwari daban-daban a yankuna daban-daban; damuwa da jagora.
Hankali: Yawan hadi ba kawai asarar kuɗi ba ne, har ma da gurɓataccen ruwan ƙasa da rafi. Yawan nitrate nitrogen da wuce haddi na phosphorus suna haifar da eutrophication (ruwa algae). Tunanin "sa'a" yana da illa ga muhalli da samfur.
A takaice
Rahoton bincike na ƙasa shine tushen yanke shawara mafi mahimmanci na kakar; Don karanta shi, ya zama dole a san pH, EC, OM, N-P-K da KDK da mahimmin matakan su. Fassarar koyaushe tana farawa da pH saboda kuskuren pH yana ɓatar da duk teburin abinci mai gina jiki. AI yana da sauri wajen samar da rabe-rabe da tsarin taki, amma yana ƙarƙashin iyakoki uku: daidaitawa na gida, doka da muhalli. Rubutun taki yana da mahimmancin aminci; An inganta naúrar, an raba kashi, ana bincika haɗarin muhalli kuma injiniya koyaushe yana da faɗin ƙarshe.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Sami rahoton nazarin ƙasa (ainihin ko wakilci; zaɓi pH da gangan ƙasa, kamar 5.3). Shin AI ta fassara shi da "karanta rahoton", "tabbacin fifiko na pH" da "ma'aunin abinci" a cikin wannan rukunin. Bincika ko AI yana kula da pH kafin taki, ko yana ganin phosphorus a matsayin "isa" kuma ya gane kulle-kulle na acidic, da sashin allurai da yake bayarwa. Yi bayanin duk wani rashi da gargaɗin girman girman da kuka samu.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] Na fara sharhi na daga pH da EC; Idan ya cancanta, na kawo gyara ƙasa.
- [ ] Na tabbatar da naúrar (ppm/kg/da) na kowane ƙimar sinadirai.
- [ ] Na gwada adadin taki bisa tsari mai girma da jagorar gida.
- [ ] Na tsara nitrogen ta hanyar rarraba ta ƙasa/samfuri.
- [ ] Na duba don wuce gona da iri taki da haɗarin muhalli / tsari; Na bar amincewar ƙarshe ga injiniyan.