Riba:
- Ikon yin bayanin abin da NDVI da sauran ma'aunin ciyayi ke aunawa da kuma wanne fihirisa ya dace a cikin wane yanayi.
- Ikon fassara taswirar index da aka samar daga hotunan tauraron dan adam / drone tare da taimakon AI da ba da fifiko ga wuraren damuwa
- Ability don kawar da ƙararrawa na ƙarya ta hanyar tabbatar da alamun rashin daidaituwa tare da sarrafa filin, meteorology da phenology
Kewaya filin da ido yana da sannu a hankali kuma yana yaudara akan manyan wurare: ido ya gaji, ya saba da shi, kuma ya rasa manyan alamu. Koyaya, idan aka duba shi daga sararin samaniya ko jirgin mara matuki, lafiyar ciyayi ta zama taswirar dijital kuma ana bayyana wuraren da aka damu sosai, da wuri don ido ya lura. Babban kayan aiki don wannan sauyi shine fihirisar ciyayi: ƙididdiga waɗanda ke canza ƙarfin shukar zuwa lamba daga rabon maɗaurin haske daban-daban a cikin hoton. Wannan rukunin yana gabatar da fihirisar gama gari, NDVI, da ƴan uwanta, yana bayyana bambanci tsakanin tauraron dan adam da drone, kuma yana nuna muku yadda ake fassarawa da-mafi mahimmanci-tabbatar da waɗannan taswirori tare da basirar wucin gadi.
Bari mu fara fahimtar ilimin lissafi. Wani lafiyayyen ganye na photosythetic yana sha jan haske sosai (saboda chlorophyll yana amfani da shi) kuma yana nuna haske kusa da infrared (NIR; band bayan ja, ganuwa ga ido) da ƙarfi. Yayin da shukar ke samun damuwa kuma ta rasa chlorophyll, yana sha ƙasa da ja kuma yana nuna ƙarancin NIR. NDVI (Indexididdigar Bambancin ciyayi na al'ada) yana auna daidai wannan bambanci:
NDVI = (NIR - Ja) / (NIR + Ja)
Sakamakon yana tsakanin -1 da +1. Ƙasa mara kyau da ruwa suna ba da ƙimar kusa da 0 ko korau; ƙananan tsire-tsire 0.2-0.4; m, lafiya murfin yana cikin kewayon 0.7-0.9. NDVI ba ta auna yawan amfanin ƙasa kai tsaye, cuta, ko danshi na ƙasa-kawai ƙarancin kore, murfin rai. Ƙananan NDVI gargadi ne, ba ganewar asali ba.
Me yasa Fihirisa ɗaya bai isa ba?
NDVI yana da ƙarfi amma yana da rauni guda biyu. Na farko shine jikewa: lokacin da murfin ya zama mai yawa (ce, masarar da aka haɓaka da kyau) NDVI kololuwa a 0.8-0.9 kuma baya nuna ƙarin haɓakar biomass. Na biyu shine tasirin ƙasa: a cikin ƙananan murfin, launi na ƙasa na baya yana karkatar da ma'anar. Shi ya sa aka samar da fihirisa daban-daban don yanayi daban-daban. Teburin da ke ƙasa ya taƙaita waɗanda aka fi amfani da su; Wace fihirisa kuka zaɓa ya dogara da tambayar ku.
index
Me yake da kyau
bayanin kula
NDVI
Ƙunƙarar murfin gabaɗaya
Yana ba da jikewa a cikin murfi mai yawa
NDRE (Jan baki)
Nitrogen/chlorophyll a cikin murfi mai yawa
Mai hankali ga NDVI a cikin ƙarshen zamani
GNDVI (Green)
Halin chlorophyll/nitrogen
Yana amfani da koren tef
SAVI
Mutuwar da ba ta da yawa, ƙasa maras kyau
Yana gyara tasirin ƙasa
NDWI/NDMI
Abin da ke cikin ruwan shuka/ƙasa
Kusa da damuwa ruwa
GIDA
M murfin, an gyara yanayi
Yana rage jikewa
Alama: "Wane fihirisa?" Amsar tambayar ita ce yanayin haɓaka samfurin. SAVI a farkon lokacin (rufin da ba a taɓa gani ba); NDRE/GNDVI a cikin ingantaccen murfin mai yawa da saka idanu na nitrogen; A cikin damuwa na ruwa, NDWI/NDMI sau da yawa yakan fi NDVI bayani.
Tauraron Dan Adam ko Drone?
Abubuwan albarkatun biyu ba masu fafatawa ba ne amma sun dace da juna. Tauraron dan adam (misali Sentinel-2, Landsat) yana rufe manyan wurare a lokaci na yau da kullun kyauta ko kuma mai rahusa, amma ƙudurin su yana da ƙarfi (pixels 10-30 m) kuma girgije na iya ɓoye hoton. Jirgin yana ba da babban ƙuduri (pixels da centimeters) da tashi kowace rana da kuke so, amma ya mamaye ƙaramin yanki kuma jirgin da sarrafawa yana buƙatar aiki. Dabarar da ake amfani da ita tana kan layi: bincika duk gonar tare da tauraron dan adam kuma nemo wuraren da ake tuhuma, sannan bincika wuraren da jirgin mara matuki, sannan a je filin.
Ta yaya Hankalin Artificial ke Fassara Taswirar Fihirisa?
Ilimin wucin gadi yana da mahimmanci a fassara ba hoton kanta ba, amma taƙaitaccen ƙididdiga da aka samo daga gare ta: matsakaicin yanki, canji a kan lokaci, bambanci tare da yankuna makwabta. Misali, idan kun ba AI taƙaice kamar "Ƙarshen Arewa na Plot-3 NDVI ya ragu daga 0.72 zuwa 0.48 a cikin kwanaki 12 na ƙarshe, ƙarshen kudu yana da kwanciyar hankali", zai taimaka muku ba da fifikon abubuwan da za a iya haifar da su kuma yin shirin sarrafa filin. Amma ku tuna: "me yasa" AI ta ba da shawara shine jerin hasashe. Ƙananan NDVI na iya haifar da damuwa ta ruwa, cuta, rashi na gina jiki, fitowar da ba a saba ba, lalacewar ƙanƙara, inuwar gajimare ko ƙasa da aka yi da sabuwar ƙasa. Sai kawai filin, yanayin yanayi da phenology sun bambanta waɗannan.
Karamin Harkoki guda uku: Ta Lambobi
Shari'a ta 1 - Farkon kamawar damuwa. A cikin filin masara, tauraron dan adam NDVI ya kasance maki 0.15 ƙasa da yankin da ke kewaye a yankin kudu maso yammacin 8-decare na filin. Injiniyan ya tafi yankin; ya sami toshe a layin ban ruwa kuma an gyara kuskuren kwanaki 6 kafin bayyanar cututtuka (fading) bayyana. An kauce wa kiyasin asarar yawan aiki.
Hali na 2 - Ƙararrawar ƙarya. NDVI ta faɗo ba zato ba tsammani a kan tauraron tauraron dan adam guda ɗaya a cikin filin alkama. AI ya ce "cuta mai yiwuwa". Duk da haka, binciken yanayi ya nuna gajimare masu nauyi a wannan rana; A cikin hoto mara gajimare na gaba, NDVI ta koma al'ada. Inuwar girgije ƙararrawa ce ta ƙarya; Ba a yanke shawarar akan kwanan wata guda ba, an duba jerin lokutan.
Harka 3 - Zaɓin Fihirisa. A cikin ingantaccen filin gwoza sukari NDVI ya cika a 0.85 ko'ina kuma bai nuna wani bambanci na nitrogen ba. Lokacin canzawa zuwa ma'aunin NDRE, an lura da rashi na chlorophyll a gabashin rabin filin; Binciken ganye ya tabbatar da ƙarancin nitrogen kuma an yi amfani da suturar saman da aka yi niyya zuwa yankin.
Rauni Mai Sauƙi / Ƙarfi Mai ƙarfi
Rawanin faɗakarwa:
Shin akwai wata matsala da wannan taswirar NDVI? Me zan yi?
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:
Matsayinku: Masanin aikin gona ya taimaka masa ta hanyar hangen nesa. Ina ba ku NDVI mai hikimar yanki da taƙaitaccen jerin lokutan NDREtime (kwanaki, yanki, matsakaicin ƙima). Aiki: - Lissafin yankunan da ke nuna gagarumin DECLINE tare da adadin da tsawon lokaci na raguwa.- Ba da 2-4 POSSIBLE dalilin hasashe ga kowane yanki (ruwa / cuta / abinci mai gina jiki / ƙasa / girgije) - Rubuta a cikin jumla ɗaya yadda zan tabbatar da shi a cikin filin don kowane hasashe. magungunan kashe qwari/taki; Jerin abubuwan da aka ba da fifiko ver.Data: [takaitaccen jerin lokuta]
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yana juya AI daga na'ura mai ganowa zuwa mai ba da fifiko da mataimaki na tabbatarwa; a sarari ya rubuta game da tarkon kwanan wata guda ɗaya da iyakar bincike.
Samfura guda huɗu masu Kwafi
1) Shawarar zaɓen fihirisa:
amfanin gona: [girbi], matakin ci gaba: [mataki], tambayata: [danniya ruwa / nitrogen / ƙarfin gabaɗaya]. A taƙaice bayyana fihirisar ciyayi 2 mafi dacewa da wannan yanayin, me yasa da fa'idarsu akan NDVI. Rubuta hanyoyin ma.
2) Takaitaccen taƙaitaccen jerin lokuta:
A cikin tebur-kwana-NDVI da ke ƙasa: jera daban: (a) raguwa fiye da 0.1 kuma yana dawwama na aƙalla kwanaki 2 a jere, (b) tsalle-tsalle na kwana ɗaya. Kar a ƙara sharhi, kawai cire tebur.
3) Tsarin kula da filin:
Yi shirin balaguron balaguro don wuraren fifiko masu zuwa: rubuta menene ma'auni (danshi, samfurin ganye, duba tushen) Zan ɗauka a kowane yanki da dalilin da yasa ake buƙata. Ba da shawarar wuraren GPS zuwa cibiyar yanki.
4) Tace ƙararrawa ta ƙarya:
Jerin abubuwan dubawa don yin watsi da wannan digowar NDVI kafin yanke shawara: girgije/inuwa, kusurwar inuwa, girbi/saki, kwanan wata firikwensin, daidaiton yankin maƙwabta. Duba kowane abu "an duba shi?" Gaba kamar.
Kuskuren gama gari
- Yin yanke shawara bisa kwanan wata guda. Gajimare, inuwa da yanayi suna karkatar da hoto ɗaya; ko da yaushe duba jerin lokaci.
- Ƙananan NDVI = kuskure don cuta. Fihirisar ba ta fadi dalilin ba; Matsalolin ruwa, abinci mai gina jiki, ƙasa da magudanar ruwa suna ba da raguwa iri ɗaya.
- Yin watsi da jikewa. NDVI kololuwa a cikin murfi mai yawa; Canja zuwa NDRE/GNDVI a cikin saka idanu na nitrogen.
- Ƙaddamar mantawa. pixel na tauraron dan adam 10 m na iya ɓoye ƙaramin facin damuwa; Kasa jirgin mara matuki a wurin da ake tuhuma.
- Tsallake filin. Taswirar yatsa ce mai nuni; Ana yin bincike a cikin ƙasa da ganye.
Lura: Taswirar fihirisa tana amsa tambayar “inda ya kamata ku duba”, ba tambayar “menene matsalar ba”. Fassara ginshiƙi kai tsaye zuwa shawarar magani ko taki haɗari ne na tsoma baki cikin dalili mara kyau.
A takaice
Fihirisar ciyayi suna fassara ƙarfin shuka zuwa lambobi daga rabon maɗaurin haske daban-daban; Yayin da NDVI ya fi kowa, bai dace da kowane yanayi ba saboda jikewa da tasirin ƙasa - 'yan uwanta irin su NDRE, SAVI, NDWI sun fi ƙarfin kan wasu tambayoyi. Tauraron dan Adam shine babban sikanin, jirgin mara matuki shine wurin dubawa na kusa, kuma filin shine matakin tabbatarwa na ƙarshe. AI yana da mahimmanci a ba da fifiko ga taƙaitaccen bayani da kafa tsarin tabbatarwa; Amma ƙananan ƙididdiga shine hasashe, ba ganewar asali ba. Kar a fada cikin tarkon kwanan wata, zaɓi fihirisar ta tambaya kuma gwada kowace sigina a cikin filin.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Shirya ƙaramin tebur mai ɗauke da aƙalla kwanan wata uku NDVI kuma, idan zai yiwu, ƙimar NDRE don fakiti (ainihin ko wakilci); sanya digo da gangan a cikin yanki da tsalle sau ɗaya a cikin kwanan wata. Ba da shi ga AI tare da "takaitaccen taƙaitaccen jerin lokutan anomaly" da samfuran "tacewar ƙararrawa ta ƙarya" a cikin wannan rukunin. A cikin fitarwa, kimanta ko AI zai iya raba ainihin digo daga billa gajimare, ko yana ƙoƙarin yin ganewar asali, kuma rubuta ma'auni ɗaya da za ku duba a fagen kowane yanki.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] A hankali na zaɓi fihirisar (NDVI/NDRE/SAVI/NDWI) da ta dace da tambayata.
- [ ] Na dogara ne akan jerin lokaci, ba hoto ɗaya ba.
- [ ] Na tace magudanar ruwa ba zato ba tsammani idan akwai gajimare/inuwa/tafi.
- [ ] Na ɗauki dalilan da AI suka bayar a matsayin hasashe, ba kamar yadda ake ganowa ba.
- [ ] Na tsara ma'aunin tabbatar da filin don kowane yanki mai fifiko.