Riba:
- Ikon ganewa da sarrafa haɗarin da'a kamar mallakar bayanan manoma, keɓantawa da son zuciya na algorithmic
- Ikon haɗa duk hanyoyin haɗin ƙirar a cikin yanayi guda ɗaya na ƙarshen-zuwa-ƙarshen aiki
- Kafa a cikin ingantacciyar tsarin da fitowar AI baya maye gurbin ingantaccen amincewar masana aikin gona a cikin amintattun shawarwarin aikin gona.
Gwajin Module
1. Menene madogaran ingantattun 'anchors' guda uku da aka yi amfani da su kafin haɗa kayan aikin AI cikin yanke shawara a aikin injiniyan aikin gona?
- A) Girman girman, ƙwarewar aikin gona da shaidar filin ✔
- B) Shaharar samfurin, tsayin amsa da kuma iyawar harshe
- C) Farashin, gudun da kuma mai amfani
- D) Amintaccen alama, haɗin intanet da tsarin fayil
Bayani: anka guda uku; tsari na girma, wanda ke duba ko sakamakon yana cikin ikon da ake tsammani na 10, agronomic m, wanda ke kallon daidaito na fitarwa tare da amfanin gona da yanayi, da kuma shaidar filin, wanda ke ba da tabbaci a cikin filin maimakon ainihin / samfurin. Alamar tushen, shaharar samfurin, ko iyawar rubutu ba ƙa'idodin tabbatarwa ba ne.
2. Menene NDVI (Normalized Difference Index) yake auna asali?
- A) Ƙayyade ainihin adadin danshin ƙasa a cikin santimita
- B) Yawa da ƙarfin kore, ciyayi masu raɗaɗi ✔
- C) Wane wakili na cuta ne a matakin jinsi?
- D) Farashin samfurin ƙarshe bayan girbi
Bayani: NDVI tana auna yawa da ƙarfin kore, ciyayi masu rai na hotuna ta hanyar daidaita bambance-bambancen tsakanin infrared kusa da (NIR) da kuma nunin band ja. Tun da tsire-tsire masu lafiya suna nuna NIR da ƙarfi kuma suna sha ja sosai, NDVI yana ƙaruwa; Ƙimar tana raguwa a cikin maɗaukaki ko ƙarancin murfin. Ba ya auna yawan amfanin ƙasa kai tsaye, danshin ƙasa ko nau'in cuta; waɗannan suna buƙatar ƙarin bayanai.
3. Hoton tauraron dan adam yana nuna yanki mai ƙarancin ƙimar NDVI. Wanne daga cikin waɗannan shine mafi kyawun matakin da za a ɗauka kafin juya wannan rashin daidaituwa zuwa shawarar injiniya?
- A) Aiwatar da magungunan kashe qwari zuwa yankin nan take
- B) ninka adadin taki zuwa yankin
- C) Tabbatar da dalilin ta hanyar sarrafa filin, yanayin yanayi da phenology ✔
- D) Yi watsi da rashin daidaituwa kuma a yi amfani da matsakaita ga duka filin
Bayani: Ƙananan NDVI na iya haifar da damuwa ta ruwa, cuta, rashi na gina jiki, fitowar da ba a saba ba, inuwar gajimare ko ƙasa mai sabo. Zamu iya bambance wannan rashin tabbas ne kawai ta hanyar sarrafa filin, yanayin yanayi da phenology; Taswirar kadai ba ta bayyana dalilin ba. Yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari ko taki kai tsaye yana ɗaukar haɗarin kutsawa cikin dalilin da bai dace ba.
4. Menene mafi dacewa hanya yayin shigar da daidaitawar filin manoma, yawan amfanin ƙasa da bayanan farashi a cikin kayan aikin AI na jama'a?
- A) Manna duk bayanan kamar yadda yake tare da ID da haɗin kai
- B) Ba da izinin gano bayanan kuma raba bayanan fasaha kawai dole ✔
- C) Load da bayanai a cikin tebur na jama'a ba tare da duba su kwata-kwata ba
- D) Ba da gudummawar bayanai don samfurin horo ba tare da izini daga manomi ba
Bayyanawa: Bayanan manomi yana da mahimmanci na kasuwanci da sirri; Haɗin kai, ainihi da bayanin farashi lamari ne na dukiya da sirri. Hanyar da ta dace ita ce ɓoye bayanan ganowa tare da alamun wakilci (Plot-A, X coordinate) da raba bayanan fasaha kawai da ake buƙata don bincike. Raba bayanan kamar yadda yake ko buɗe shi ga ilimi ba tare da izini ba yana haifar da haɗari na ɗabi'a da doka.
5. Rahoton bincike na ƙasa ya karanta pH a matsayin 4.8. Menene wannan darajar ke nufi a fannin aikin gona?
- A) Ƙasa mai tsaka-tsaki kuma mai kyau don yawancin amfanin gona
- B) Ƙarfin acid; Yanayin da zai iya hana cin abinci kuma yana buƙatar gyara ✔
- C) Alkali mai karfi; yanayin da ke buƙatar liming
- D) Yana nufin cewa gishiri a cikin ƙasa yana da girma sosai.
Bayani: pH 4.8 yana nuna ƙasa mai acidic; A karkashin wannan yanayin, an rage yawan shan phosphorus da molybdenum, haɗarin aluminum / manganese mai guba yana ƙaruwa, kuma an hana ci gaban tushen a yawancin amfanin gona. Don yawancin amfanin gona na gona, 6.0-7.0 shine kewayon da ya dace. Don haka, ana la'akari da gyara kamar liming; Ƙasar acidic ba ita ce 'madaidaici' kuma ba ta da kanta ba da garantin yawan amfanin ƙasa.
6. AI ya ba da shawarar kilogiram 60 na nitrogen mai tsafta a kowace decare don filin alkama; Amfanin yanki na yanki da yawan amfanin ƙasa yana nuna kusan kilogiram 12-16 na nitrogen mai tsafta a kowace decare. Menene mafi kyawun hali?
- A) Aiwatar da shawarwarin kamar yadda yake, saboda AI ƙididdigewa
- B) Ƙara yawan kashi har ma don zama lafiya
- C) Duba shi azaman oda na faɗakarwa mai girma da bincika abubuwan shigar da daidaitawa na gida ✔
- D) Rarraba tsari a cikin rabin ba tare da la'akari da binciken ƙasa ba
Bayani: Shawarar tana kusan ninki huɗu da ake tsammani; Wannan umarni ne na faɗakarwa mai girma. Yawan nitrogen yana nufin duka lalacewar tattalin arziƙi da haɗarin baƙin ciki, cuta da gurɓataccen nitrate. Madaidaicin ɗabi'a shine ƙin yarda da shawarwarin da duba abubuwan da aka shigar (naúrar, yawan amfanin ƙasa, yawan amfanin ƙasa, ƙasa N) da daidaitawar gida. Aikace-aikacen makafi yana haifar da cutar da muhalli da agronomic.
7. Menene ma'anar 'sharar ruwa' (evapotranspiration, ET) da ake amfani da ita wajen yanke shawara na ban ruwa?
- A) Adadin ruwan da ke shiga cikin ƙasa ta hanyar hazo kawai
- B) Jimlar asarar ruwa ta hanyar fitar da ruwa daga ƙasa da shayarwa daga shuka ✔
- C) Rashin wutar lantarki na ƙasa
- D) Ƙimar matsi a cikin bututun ban ruwa
Bayani: Evapotranspiration shine jimillar asarar ruwa daga ƙasa zuwa sararin samaniya ta hanyar ƙazantar da iska daga shuka. Ta hanyar ninka ma'anar ET tare da ƙimar amfanin gona (Kc), ana ƙididdige ainihin buƙatar ruwa na samfurin (ETc) kuma an shirya ban ruwa bisa ga wannan ma'aunin ruwa. ET ba ruwan sama ba ne ko gishirin ƙasa; Yana wakiltar gefen fitar da kasafin ruwa.
8. Wani injiniya wanda ya ga alamun bayyanar cututtuka a kan ganye ya ba da bayanin hoto ga AI kuma ya sami ganewar asali na farko. Wanne ya wajaba kafin fassara wannan ganewar asali zuwa shawarar kawar da kwari?
- A) Tabbatar da wakili a cikin filin / dakin gwaje-gwaje da zabar magani mai lasisi da lakabi ✔
- B) Shan magunguna daban-daban tare, don kawai a kiyaye
- C) Aiwatar da kayan aiki nan da nan duk abin da AI ya ce.
- D) Zabi maganin kashe kwari mafi arha sannan a shafa shi a duk filin
Bayani: Binciken farko daga hoton kawai bai isa ba saboda dalilai daban-daban (fungal, bacteria, viral, rashi na gina jiki, damuwa abiotic) wanda ke haifar da irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka. Ya kamata a tabbatar da wakili tare da samfurin filin kuma, idan ya cancanta, ganewar dakin gwaje-gwaje, sa'an nan kuma kawai magani da aka ba da lasisi ga wakili da samfurin kuma ya dace da lakabin sa. Aikace-aikacen maganin kashe kwari mai faɗi ba tare da tabbatarwa ba yana haifar da haɗarin juriya da saura.
9. Menene manufar GDD (Ranar Digiri na Girma), wanda akai-akai ana amfani da shi wajen tallafin yanke shawara na aikin gona?
- A) Bin ƙimar pH na ƙasa
- B) Hasashen matakan ci gaban shuka da bullowar kwari ta hanyar tarin zafi ✔
- C) Auna yawan kwararar bututun ban ruwa
- D) Lissafin farashin kasuwa na samfur
Bayani: GDD shine jimillar zafin da aka tara ta hanyar cire madaidaicin zafin jiki daga matsakaicin zafin rana kuma ana amfani dashi don kimanta matakan haɓaka (phenology) na shuka da lokacin bayyanar wasu kwari. Don haka, ana iya tsara feshi, hadi da tagogin girbi bisa ga tarin zafi maimakon kalanda. GDD ba pH na ƙasa ba ko adadin ruwan sama kai tsaye.
10. Wanne daga cikin waɗannan shine mafi kyawun bayani don samfurin tsinkayar amfanin gona da aka kafa tare da koyan na'ura?
- A) Yana tsinkayar makomar gaba daidai kuma ba tare da kuskure ba
- B) Ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da suka gabata; Dole ne a ba shi da kewayon rashin tabbas kuma a tabbatar ✔
- C) Kullum yana aiki tare da daidaito iri ɗaya a cikin yanayi ban da bayanan horo.
- D) Shi kaɗai ne mai yanke shawara na ƙarshe ba tare da bayanan aikin gona ba
Bayani: Tsarin koyan na'ura yana dogara ne akan tsarin da yake gani a bayanan tarihi; Amincewa yana raguwa lokacin da yanayin shigarwa ya faɗi a waje da bayanan horo (sabon iri, yanayi mara kyau). Don haka, ya kamata a ba da abin da aka fitar tare da kewayon rashin tabbas, ba batu ba, kuma ya kamata a tabbatar da shi tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa da maƙasudin tarihi. Samfurin bai san makomar gaba ba tare da tabbas kuma baya aiki tare da daidaito iri ɗaya a ƙarƙashin kowane yanayi.
11. Menene mafi kyawun aiki kafin gudanar da lambar bincike na Python / pandas da aka samar da AI?
- A) Aiwatar da lambar kai tsaye zuwa ga dukkan bayanan da aka saita ba tare da karanta shi ba
- B) Gwaji tare da ƙananan bayanan samfurin tare da sanannun sakamako da ƙididdiga da kuma raka'a ✔
- C) Yin la'akari da cewa kawai yin aiki ba tare da kurakurai ba ya wadatar.
- D) Sanya fitarwa a cikin rahoton ba tare da duba shi kwata-kwata ba
Bayani: Yayin da lambar da aka ƙirƙira AI na iya bayyana daidai, tana iya ƙunsar naúrar, sunan shafi, dabarar fihirisa, ko tace kurakuran dabaru. Kyakkyawan aiki shine don gudanar da sakamakon da hannu akan ƙaramin samfurin bayanan da kuka sani, kwatanta shi da abin da ake sa ran, da kuma bincika dabaru kamar NDVI akan tushen. Aiwatar da lamba zuwa manyan bayanai ba tare da ganin shi yana motsa kwari masu shiru zuwa samarwa ba.
12. Me yasa littafin kula da magunguna yake da mahimmanci a cikin bayanan ganowa?
- A) Don kawai a cire haraji
- B) Yana ba da tabbataccen rikodin don yarda da MRL, takaddun shaida da buƙatun tsari ✔
- C) Kawai don kwatanta da filayen makwabta
- D) Don shirya ƙasidu na talla
Bayani: Littafin sarrafa magani; Yana rubuta wane samfuri, wane sashi mai aiki, a cikin wane kashi da kwanan wata aka yi amfani da shi, da lokacin jira tsakanin aikace-aikacen ƙarshe da girbi. Wannan rikodi ya wajaba don biyan iyakar iyaka (MRL), ingantaccen aikin gona/takardar kwayoyin halitta, da kuma gano tsari idan matsala ta faru. Ba a ajiye shi kawai don biyan kuɗi ko talla.
13. Wani kayan aikin AI da tabbaci ya ba da rahoton kwaro da ba a samu a yankin a matsayin 'barazanar gama gari' ba. Wane ra'ayi ne zai iya bayyana wannan yanayin?
- A) Kuskuren daidaitawar firikwensin
- B) Hallucination: samar da bayanan da ba su wanzu a cikin ingantaccen harshe ✔
- C) Katsewar haɗin yanar gizo
- D) Rashin bayanan ruwan sama
Bayani: Ana kiran shi hallucination lokacin da samfurin ya samar da bayanan da ba a wanzu ba ko kuma bai dace da mahallin ba, kamar dai na gaske ne, mai hankali da amincewa. Tace na agronomic plausibility (shine yanayin yankin da tsarin amfanin gona ya dace da wannan kwaro?) Da kuma shaidar filin tana kama irin wannan kurakurai kafin sa hannu. Wannan ba kuskure ba ne na firikwensin ko kuskuren naúrar.
14. Ta yaya za a ayyana rawar da basirar wucin gadi a cikin yanke shawara na aikin gona mai mahimmanci ga aminci da inganci (misali adadin magungunan kashe qwari, takardar sayan taki, shirin ban ruwa)?
- A) Hukumar da ke da ikon da ita ita kadai ta yanke hukunci
- B) Tsari mai sarrafa kansa wanda ke maye gurbin ingantaccen amincewar masana aikin gona
- C) Mataimakin da ya samar da zayyanawa da shawarwari tare da barin shawara ga gwani ✔
- D) Madaidaicin tushen bayanin da baya buƙatar tabbatarwa
Bayani: Hankali na wucin gadi; Mataimaki ne wanda ke samar da shaci-fadi, taƙaita bayanai, da ba da shawarar hasashe. Magana ta ƙarshe a cikin yanke shawara mai mahimmanci na ƙwararren injiniyan aikin gona ne wanda ya saba da lura da fage, daidaita al'amuran gida da dokoki; Fitowar AI baya maye gurbin wannan amincewar. Idan ya zo ga samfur, muhalli da amincin abinci, alhakin yana kan ƙwararren sa hannu.