Riba:
- Ikon amfani da ra'ayoyin girgije na LiDAR, dawowa, yawa da lambobin aji daidai a cikin aikin AI
- Ability don saita tace ƙasa, samarwa DTM da abu (gini, itace, sandal) matakan rarrabawa tare da AI
- Ikon tabbatar da fitowar rabe-raben gajimare tare da sassan bayanan martaba da dabaru na haɓakawa
LiDAR (Gano Haske da Ragewa) fasaha ce mai aiki da ganowa wacce ke samar da ma'auni mai girma uku na saman duniya ta hanyar aika bugun bugun laser da auna lokacin dawowa. Sakamakon shine girgije mai ma'ana wanda ya ƙunshi miliyoyin ko ma biliyoyin maki; Kowane batu yana da haɗin gwiwar x, y, z da ƙarin halaye. LiDAR a cikin injiniyan binciken; Yana da mahimmanci don samar da samfuran yanayi na dijital, ƙirar gandun daji da yankunan birane, da samar da ababen more rayuwa (layin wutar lantarki, hanyoyi). A cikin wannan rukunin, mun rufe yadda hankali na wucin gadi ke hanzarta sarrafa gajimare da rarrabuwa. Ka'ida: AI yana ba da shawarar rarrabawa; Tabbatarwa tare da tsayi da dabaru na sashe ya rage tare da injiniyan.
Mahimman sharuddan. Komawa shine ƙararrawa da yawa na bugun bugun laser guda ɗaya wanda ke nunawa daga saman daban-daban (ganyen bishiya, rassan, ƙasa); Juyi na farko yawanci shine saman sama, juyi na ƙarshe sau da yawa ƙasa. Ƙarfi shine ƙarfin siginar da aka dawo; Yana ba da haske game da nau'in saman. Lambar aji shine madaidaicin lakabin da aka sanya wa kowane batu (kamar ƙasa, gini, ƙananan / matsakaici / tsire-tsire, ruwa, layin wutar lantarki); Ana adana shi a cikin tsarin fayil na LAS/LAZ. Tace ƙasa shine tsarin cire wuraren da ba na ƙasa ba da kuma cire dandarar ƙasa (DTM). Voxel, tantanin halitta a cikin sararin 3D; Ana amfani da shi don tsarma/ sarrafa gajimaren batu.
Matsayin AI a cikin Tsarin Cloud Cloud
Hankali na wucin gadi yana ba da gudummawa a wannan fagen a matakai uku:
- Gudun aiki da saitin siga. Yana ba da shawarar tace ƙasa, cire amo, matakan dilution da sigogi; yana samar da kwarangwal na lamba (tare da kayan aikin kamar PDAL, laspy).
- Rarraba abu. Tsarin ilmantarwa mai zurfi na iya rarraba maki zuwa azuzuwan kamar gini, itace, sanda, abin hawa; Wannan yanki ne inda AI ke yin aikin gaske.
- Fasalar cirewa da rahoto. Yana kafawa kuma yana taƙaita dabarar da ke ƙididdige ma'auni da aka samo kamar tsayin itace, yanki na ginin ƙasa, da sag ɗin layi.
Makaho: ma'anar girgije mai girma uku ne kuma ba a ganuwa sosai akan taswira mai faɗi. Rarrabawa (misali kirga gada a matsayin ƙasa, ƙaramin daji azaman gini) yayi kama da mara laifi akan taswira kuma yana karkatar da DTM. Don haka, dole ne a tabbatar da rarrabuwa ta hanyar ɓangarorin bayanan martaba (duba yanki a tsaye na gajimaren batu daga gefe).
Tukwici: Ɗauki sassan tsaye a wurare da yawa kafin tabbatar da rabe-rabe. Shin ajin ƙasa da gaske yana bin saman ƙasa mai ci gaba, ko yana "tasowa" sama da rufin? Kutse yana nuna wannan a kallo.
Mataki-mataki: Nuna Cloud Processing don DTM Generation
- Ku san bayanan. Tabbatar da yawan maki (digi/m²), adadin juyi, lambobin aji na yanzu, CRS da datum na tsaye.
- Share amo. Cire iska (hawan hayaniya) da na ƙasa (ƙananan amo).
- Tace kasa. Ware wuraren da ba na ƙasa ba (gini, itace, abin hawa) da barin wuraren da ba su da tushe. Wannan mataki shine zuciyar DTM.
- Ƙirƙirar ƙasa. Yi grid DTM interpolation daga wuraren ƙasa.
- Tabbatar. Duba alamar ƙasa tare da sassan bayanan martaba; Kwatanta tsaunuka tare da sanannun wuraren hawan.
Me yasa Tacewar Kasa Yayi Mahimmanci?
Bambanci kawai tsakanin DTM (ƙasa mara kyau) da DSM (surface) shine ko an raba wuraren da ke ƙasa ko a'a. Ƙididdigar girma, nazarin gangara, ƙirar ruwa mai gudana ko nazarin ambaliyar ruwa yana buƙatar DTM; Idan aka yi amfani da DSM, ana kuskuren gine-gine da bishiyoyi don "ƙasa" kuma sakamakon ya gurbata. Ana daidaita sigogin tacewar ƙasa bisa ga ƙasa: a cikin yanki mai gangare mai tsayi, matattara mai wuce gona da iri kuma tana goge ainihin ƙasa, a cikin yanki mai faɗi, kuskuren tacewa mara kyau ga ƙasa. AI na iya ba da shawarar ingantacciyar ma'aunin farawa, amma dole ne a gwada sakamakon ta giciye.
Tsanaki: Bridges da viaducts tarko ne na gargajiya. Waɗannan su ne tsarin da aka dakatar a sama da ƙasa; Idan matatar ƙasa ta yi kuskuren ɗaukar waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa, za a ƙirƙiri "saitin" a cikin DTM wanda babu shi a zahiri kuma binciken kwararar ruwa zai zama kuskure gaba ɗaya.
Karamin Harkoki guda uku: Ta Lambobi
Case 1 - Gada tarkon. A cikin samfurin ambaliya, tacewar ƙasa ta rarraba gada a matsayin ƙasa; Wani dam na karya ya bayyana a cikin WTC, yana toshe rafi, kuma ƙirar ta ƙididdige cewa ruwa zai tara sama. Sashen bayanin martaba ya nuna a fili gada; Lokacin da aka sake rarrabuwar wuraren gada, an tsara tsarin kwarara daidai.
Case 2 - Ingarori na tsayin itace. Don hectare 240 a cikin binciken daji, rarrabuwa ta AI-taimaka ya fitar da tsarin alfarwar itace daga ajin shuka mafi girma kuma ya ƙididdige matsakaicin tsayin bishiyar kusan 18 m. An kwatanta shi da ma'auni na hannun hannu na bishiyoyi 30 a cikin filin; bambanci ya kasance tsakanin ± 0.8 m. Ma'aunin filin mai zaman kansa ya sanya fitar da samfurin abin dogaro.
Case 3 - Kuskuren hawan hayaniya. Lokacin da aka samar da DTM ba tare da share wuraren hayaniya da yawa (tsuntsaye, ƙura) da aka dakatar a cikin iska ba, haɓakar tantanin halitta ɗaya ya yi tsalle sama da 40 m sama da ƙimar gaske. Sarrafa oda da matakin tsaftace amo ya cire waɗannan bounces guda ɗaya. Darasi: Tsaftace waje yana da mahimmanci kafin DTM.
Rauni Mai Sauƙi / Ƙarfi Mai ƙarfi
Rawanin faɗakarwa:
Tsarin ƙasa yana fitowa daga wannan batu girgije.
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:
Aiki: Gina aikin tsarawar DTM da tsarin PDAL/laspy daga gajimare na aya na LiDAR. Mahimmanci: - Density ~ 12 points/m², bayanin juyawa akwai, CRS EPSG:5256, datum TUDKA a tsaye dole ne a kayyade- Yanki: gauraye (rafi, gada, ginin da ba a taɓa gani ba, gangare mai gangare) Bukatun:1) Jeri: kawar da hayaniya -> tace ƙasa -> DTM interpolation / ta hanyar gada.2) kasada.3) Tabbatarwa: kwatancen mataki tare da bayanan giciye-sashe da sanannen matsayi.4) Rubuta bambanci tsakanin DTM da DSM da dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar DTM don wannan aikin.
Ƙarfin saurin yawa yana ba da haɗarin ƙasa (gada, gangara) da matakin tabbatarwa; ya fito ya dace da filin.
Samfura guda huɗu masu Kwafi
1) Nuni bita na farko:
Fassara metadata LAS/LAZ masu zuwa: yawan ma'ana, rarraba juzu'i, lambobin aji na yanzu, CRS/datum na tsaye. Yi alama bacewar ko bayanin abin da ake tuhuma kuma jera abubuwan da ake buƙatar warwarewa kafin fara aikin. Metadata: [takaice]
2) Saitin tace ƙasa:
Rubuta matakan tace ƙasa tare da PDAL; Ba da shawarar siga don nau'in ƙasa [lebur/ gangara/gauraye]. Hakanan yayi kashedin gada, ƙananan daji da haɗarin gangara. Ƙara matakin tabbatar da sakamakon tare da sashin bayanin martaba.
3) Tabbatar da rarrabuwar abubuwa:
Rubuta shirin don tabbatar da rabe-raben girgije (ƙasa / gini / shuka / layi): waɗanne sassan bayanan martaba ya kamata a ɗauka, waɗanda ake sa ran haɗaɗɗun aji (gada-ƙasa, ginin daji), yadda za a tabbatar da kowane.
4) Gudanar da ma'aunin da aka samo:
Bincika ma'aunin da aka samo masu zuwa (tsawon bishiya, sawun gini, sawun layi) don dacewa: farar, ƙima mara kyau, maɗaukaki. Ƙara shawara don kwatanta tare da auna filin. Girma: [tebur]
Nuni Cloud Concepts Kwatanta
ra'ayi
Ma'ana
Muhimmanci
Juyawa na farko/karshe
Amsar farko/karshe na bugun
Top surface vs kasa rabuwa
Lambar aji
Alamar dige
DTM/DSM da cire abu
kasa tacewa
Ware waje na falon
Farashin DTM
Yawan yawa (digo/m²)
Mitar samfur
Dalla-dalla da daidaito iyaka
Sashen bayanin martaba
Duban yanki a tsaye
Tabbatar da rarrabawa
Kuskuren gama gari
- Samar da DTM ba tare da tace ƙasa ba. A gaskiya ma, ana samun DSM; jeans/murya ya gurbata.
- Ƙididdigar gadoji/viaducts azaman ƙasa. Saitin karya, ƙirar kwarara mara kyau.
- Ba tsaftace wuraren amo ba. Mutuwar denim splashes.
- Rashin tabbatar da rarrabuwa ta hanyar giciye. Rasa kurakuran 3D mara laifi akan taswira.
- Yin watsi da datum na tsaye. Jeans suna zaune akan kuskuren tunani.
- Ana tsammanin rashin isasshen ƙarfin daki-daki. Abubuwan da ke ƙasa da kewayon ɗigo ba za a iya warware su ba.
A takaice
Hankali na wucin gadi a cikin sarrafa girgijen batu na LiDAR; Yana da haɓaka don gyaran aikin aiki, sigogin tace ƙasa, rarrabuwar abubuwa da ƙididdige ma'auni da aka samu. Matakin da ya wajaba wajen samar da DTM shine tace kasa; Idan an tsallake wannan, za a sami DSM kuma za a karkatar da nazarin haɓaka / girma/ kwarara. Gada, gangaren gangare da wuraren hayaniya tarkuna ne na yau da kullun. Tabbatar da kowane rarrabuwa tare da sassan bayanan martaba da sanannun wuraren haɓakawa; Koyaushe fayyace datum a tsaye.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Zaɓi yanayin LiDAR (misali, kwari mai rafi da gada). Shin AI ta samar da kawar da hayaniya, tace ƙasa, da matakan tsaka-tsakin DTM; Tambaye shi don gargaɗi game da gada da haɗarin gangara. Sa'an nan kuma rubuta tsarin tabbatarwa: daidaita inda za ku ɗauki sashin bayanan martaba da kuma wuraren da aka sani za ku kwatanta shi da shi.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] Na tabbatar da yawan ma'ana, bayanin juyawa da kuma CRS/datum a tsaye.
- [ ] Na tsabtace hayaniyar/fita.
- [ ] Na raba waje na ƙasa don DTM tare da tace ƙasa.
- [ ] Na duba gada/viaduct da kasadar gangara.
- [ ] Na tabbatar da rarrabuwa tare da sassan bayanan martaba.
- [ ] Na kwatanta tsayin daka zuwa wuraren da aka sani.
- [ ] Na yi amfani da DTM, ba DSM ba, don aikin haɓakawa / girma / gudana.
- [ ] Na kiyaye karbuwar rarrabuwa a cikin amincewar injiniya.