Raka'a
1. Gabatarwa zuwa Hankali na Artificial da La'anar Tabbatarwa a Injiniyan Taswira 2. Geodesy, GNSS da Gudanar da Bayanan Bincike 3. Daidaita Tsarukan, Datum da Tabbatar da Canji 4. Binciken GIS/GIS da Tambayoyi na sarari 5. Hankali mai nisa da Rarraba Hoton Tauraron Dan Adam 6. Ƙirƙirar Samfura daga Hoto da Hotunan UAV 7. LiDAR Point Cloud Processing da Rarrabawa 8. Ƙirƙirar taswira Automation da Taswira 9. Cadastre, Laƙabi da Bayanan Mallaka 10. Geomatics Automation tare da Python 11. QGIS Automation, Da'a, Keɓantawa da Aikin Ƙarshe-zuwa-Ƙarshe
Naúrar 2 / 11

Geodesy, GNSS da Gudanar da Bayanan Bincike

Riba:

  • Ability don gyarawa da sarrafa ingancin GNSS raw abubuwan lura, fayilolin RINEX da daidaita ma'ana tare da ayyukan aiki na AI.
  • Ikon canza bayanin kula da ma'aunin rubutu kyauta, bayanin tunani da rikodin triangulation zuwa daidaitattun allunan da rahotanni
  • Ikon tabbatar da matsayin AI da aka samar da daidaiton fassarorin tare da ka'idodin ma'auni na tsaye / RTK da kurakuran ɓoyewa.

Geodesy shine kimiyyar tantance siffa da girman saman duniya da kuma wurin da maki a cikinta yake da daidaito. Babban kayan aikin wannan kimiyya a yau shine GNSS. GNSS (Tsarin Tauraron Dan Adam Navigation na Duniya / Tsarin Matsayin Tauraron Dan Adam na Duniya) shine sunan gama gari na taurarin tauraron dan adam kamar GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou; Masu karɓa suna lissafin matsayi ta hanyar auna lokacin isowar sigina daga waɗannan tauraron dan adam. A cikin wannan rukunin, mun tattauna inda hankali na wucin gadi ke aiki lafiya da kuma inda aka ja layi akan hanya daga tarwatsewar yanayin GNSS da na'urorin binciken gargajiya (jimillan tasha, daidaitawa) zuwa na yau da kullun, ingantattun daidaitawa. Ka'idar ba ta canzawa: AI yana tsara bayanai kuma yana nuna rashin daidaituwa; Injiniyan yana ba da karɓa na ƙarshe na haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar ka'idodin auna.

Bari mu fara fayyace wasu kalmomi na asali tukuna. RINEX (Tsarin musanya mai zaman kansa mai karɓa) daidaitaccen fayil ɗin rubutu ne wanda ke adana albarkatun GNSS na nau'ikan masu karɓa daban-daban a cikin tsari gama gari. Ma'auni na tsaye shine hanyar da mai karɓa ya kasance yana daidaitawa akan batu na dogon lokaci (mintuna-awa) kuma yana samar da daidaitattun daidaito. RTK (Real Time Kinematic) hanya ce da take ba da daidaiton santimita nan take tare da gyara daga tashar magana. Kuskuren ƙulli shine bambancin da ke taruwa lokacin dawowa zuwa wurin farawa na rufaffiyar hanyar aunawa (polygon ko matakin) kuma ana tsammanin ya zama sifili; Ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta mai nuna ingancin ma'aunin.

A ina AI AI ta fara aiki lafiya?

Babban abin dogaro na AI zuwa GNSS da sarrafa bayanan binciken ba lissafin matsayin kansa bane, amma tsari da sarrafawa suna aiki akan wannan lissafin:

  1. Raw bayanai da gyara bayanin kula. Bayanan rubutu na kyauta a cikin littafin rubutu na filin, sunaye, tsayin kayan aiki, da yanayin kallo galibi suna warwatse. AI ya rushe waɗannan zuwa madaidaicin tebur.
  2. Duban ingancin inganci. Ya lissafa rashin daidaituwa kamar maki waɗanda tsayin mai karɓa bai taɓa shiga ba, maki da aka auna sau biyu tare da suna ɗaya, lokutan gyara marasa ma'ana, daidaitawa marasa tsari, da sauransu.
  3. Rahoton samarwa. Yana canza taƙaitaccen yaƙin neman zaɓe, hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita, da ma'auni kamar adadin tauraron dan adam/PDOP zuwa rubutu mai iya karantawa. (PDOP: Matsayi Dilution of Precision; shine lamba da ake so ya zama ƙarami kuma yana nuna tasirin joometry na tauraron dan adam a sararin sama akan daidaiton matsayi.)

Duk da haka, ba haka ba ne kuma bai kamata ya zama aikin AI ba: bayyana haɗin kai "daidai" ba tare da la'akari da kuskuren ɓoyewa ba, watsi da ka'idodin ma'auni kuma tabbatar da ƙimar aikace-aikacen, maye gurbin daidaitawa (tsarin rarraba ma'auni zuwa matsayi mafi kyau na ƙididdiga). Daidaitawa da karɓa na ƙarshe sun kasance ƙarƙashin ikon software da injiniyan da suka dace.

Alamomi: Tambayi AI "wannan haɗin kai daidai ne?" Tambayar da ba daidai ba ce. Tambayar da ta dace ita ce "waɗanne rashin daidaituwa da ƙima ba su da tsari a cikin wannan saitin bayanai?" tare da "wannan kuskuren rufewa yana da ma'ana ga ajin daidaito da aka bayar?" tambayoyi ne.

Mataki-mataki: Juya Littafin Ma'aunin Filin zuwa Bayanan da ake iya sarrafawa

  1. Za ku fara ayyana makircin. Rukunin: point_no, nau'in (triangulation/polygon/detail), right_y, up_x, elevation_h, tool_load, hanya (a tsaye/RTK), tauraron dan adam_number, pdop, kwanan wata, bayanin kula. Sanya makirci a kan samfurin domin fitarwa ya daidaita.
  2. Gyara naúrar da datum. Rubuta a cikin wanne CRS masu haɗin gwiwa suke (misali, TUREF/TM) kuma a cikin waɗanne datum ɗin a tsaye ake haɓaka (misali, Cibiyar Kula da Tsare-tsare ta Kasa ta Türkiye).
  3. Tsara ƙaramin tsari. Ba a cikin batches na maki 20-30; Kuna kama kuskure da wuri.
  4. Samun QC scan. Samfurin ya kamata ya tattara matsaloli kamar bacewar tsayin kayan aiki, sunan kwafi, babban abin lura na PDOP da sauransu a cikin jerin “gargaɗi” daban.
  5. Koma zuwa tushen. Kwatanta layuka bazuwar teburin da aka samu tare da ɗanyen bayanin; musamman tsarin daidaitawa da sunaye.

Karamin Harkoki guda uku: Ta Lambobi

Harka 1 - Maimaituwar kamawa. Gangamin dawo da dalla-dalla ya auna maki 1,240. Binciken QC mai taimakon AI ya nuna cewa an yi amfani da sunayen maki 3 sau biyu (tare da daidaitawa daban-daban) kuma ba a shigar da tsayin kayan aiki a maki 7 ba. Idan aka duba waɗannan batutuwa 10 da hannu, zai ɗauki sa'o'i; Domin an kama shi da wuri, kuskuren bayanai ba su shiga cikin samar da taswira ba.

Case 2 - Gargadin PDOP. A cikin kamfen na RTK ɗaya, an auna maki 15 a cikin yanayi tare da ƙimar PDOP sama da 6 (mummunan geometry na tauraron dan adam). Samfurin ya yiwa waɗannan maki alama a matsayin "babban rashin tabbas"; Injiniyan ya sa aka sake auna su, aka same su da ‘yan santimita a wuri biyu. AI ba ta yanke shawara ba, kawai ta jawo hankali ga abubuwan lura masu haɗari.

Case 3 - Rufe sharhin kuskure. A kan hanya ta kewayo, AI ​​ya bayyana kuskuren rufewa a matsayin "m" lokacin shirya rahoton kamfen ɗin sa. Injiniyan ya duba iyakar da aka yarda bisa ga tsayin hanya da ajin daidaito ta lissafin hannu; Kuskuren yana ƙasa da iyaka, amma yana kusa da iyaka. Don kasancewa a gefen lafiya, injiniyan ya sake auna ƙafa ɗaya. Darasi: AI yana cewa "an yarda" ba zai maye gurbin ma'auni na ƙididdiga na hannu ba.

Rauni Mai Sauƙi / Ƙarfi Mai ƙarfi

Rawanin faɗakarwa:

Shirya waɗannan bayanan aunawa kuma gaya mani idan daidai ne.[bayanin kula]

Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:

Matsayinku: ma'auni bayanan QC mataimakin. Fassara bayanan filin da ke ƙasa zuwa cikin tsarin da aka bayar kuma samar da "jerin faɗakarwa" dabam dabam. HUKUNCI game da daidaiton haɗin kai; kawai yi alamar rashin daidaituwa da ƙima mara inganci. Tsari: point_no | irin | sag_y | sama_x | kot_h | kayan aiki_load | hanyar | tauraron dan adam_count | pdop | kwanan wata | bayanin kwanan wata: CRS = TUREF/TM30 (EPSG: 5254). sag_y ~ 6 lambobi mita ana sa ran. Dokokin faɗakarwa: kayan aiki_yuk sun ɓace; maimaita batu_no; pdop>6; daidaitawa mara tsari; filin da ake buƙata fanko. Bayanan kula: [bayanin kula]

Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ya hana hukunci, yana daidaita ƙa'idodin QC, kuma yana ba da mahallin sa rai ga matsayi; Fitowar ta zama abin dubawa.

Samfura guda huɗu masu Kwafi

1) Matsakaicin darajar danye:

Fassara bayanin bayanin filin mai zuwa zuwa daidaitattun kalmomi, cire fakitin gajarta (misali "al.y" ->"tsawon kayan aiki"), amma KADA KA canza ƙimar lambobi. Yi alamar maganganu marasa ma'ana tare da "[rauni]". Bayani: [Filin bayanin kula]

2) GNSS QC dubawa:

Jera matsalolin ingancin a cikin tebur lura na GNSS da ke ƙasa: ƙananan adadin tauraron dan adam, babban PDOP, ɗan gajeren lokacin lura, bayani mai iyo (ba a kayyade) bayani, daidaitawa mara tsari. Ga kowane layi, rubuta nau'in matsala da aikin da aka ba da shawarar. Kada ku yanke shawara, kawai alama. Tebur: [Table na lura]

3) Ƙimar farko na kuskuren rufewa:

Don bayanan rufewar polygon/madaidaita mai zuwa: (a) ƙididdige kuskuren rufewa, (b) tunatar da iyakacin da aka yarda da ƙimar daidaitattun da aka bayar, (c) yin sharhi game da kusanci da iyaka kuma ƙara bayanin kula "tabbatar da lissafin hannu da ake buƙata". KADA KA yanke shawarar yarda ta ƙarshe. Data: [hanyar bayanai]

4) Daftarin rahoton yaƙin neman zaɓe:

Rubuta rahoton yaƙin neman zaɓe ta amfani da ma'auni masu zuwa: hanya, adadin maki, matsakaicin adadin tauraron dan adam, matsakaita PDOP, kurakuran ɓoyewa, CRS da aka yi amfani da su, da datum na tsaye. Yin amfani da takamaiman bayani game da daidaito; Ƙara bayanin kula "batun amincewar injiniya". Ma'auni: [metrics]

Kwatanta Daidaiton Sharuɗɗan

lokaci

Ma'ana

Muhimmanci a cikin geomatics

Ma'aunin a tsaye

Dogon kallo akai-akai

Triangulation, babban daidaito tushe

RTK

Gyaran take daga tunani

Mai sauri, siyan centimita daki-daki

PDOP

Ingancin Geometry na tauraron dan adam

Ƙimar ƙarami = wuri mafi aminci

Gyara/Yuyawa

An warware shubuha / ba a warware ba

Ba a yarda da mafita don sayan daki-daki ba.

kuskuren kashewa

Bambance-bambancen da aka tara akan rufaffiyar hanya

Tabbatacciyar hujja ta ingancin ma'auni

Kuskuren gama gari

  • Yin AI yana yin hukunci da daidaiton haɗin kai. AI alamun rashin daidaituwa; Ana ƙayyade daidaito ta ƙa'idodin aunawa da daidaitawa.
  • Ana tsammanin mafitacin ruwa zai zama gyara. Yin amfani da duban RTK da ba a warware shi azaman ainihin daidaitawa.
  • Yin watsi da PDOP da adadin tauraron dan adam. Cikakken tabbaci a cikin ma'aunin ma'auni a cikin ƙarancin lissafi.
  • Haɗa datum a tsaye tare da datum a kwance. Matsayi da daidaitawa suna zaune akan nassoshi daban-daban; Zai zama kuskure a musanya ɗaya da ɗayan.
  • Dogaro da hukuncin AI na "m" ba tare da tabbatar da kuskuren rufewa ta hanyar lissafin hannu ba.
  • Ana loda danyen bayanai zuwa samfurin gajimare ba tare da boye sunansa ba. A wasu ayyukan, wuraren nuni na kayan aiki ne masu mahimmanci.

a takaice

Amintaccen sarari na AI a cikin GNSS da sarrafa bayanan binciken; tsara danyen bayanai, bincikar rashin daidaituwa da samar da daftarin rahotanni. Daidaitaccen lissafin matsayi da karɓa na ƙarshe ya kasance tare da injiniyan injiniya, tare da ka'idodin ma'auni kamar PDOP / gyara matsayi, kuskuren rufewa da daidaitawa. Tambayi AI" dama?" amma "waɗanne rashin daidaituwa ne akwai?" tambaya; Koyaushe tabbatar da zato mai mahimmanci, kamar kuskuren rufewa, ta lissafin hannu akan ma'auni.

Aikin aikace-aikace

Rubuta saurin QC don teburin lura na 20-line GNSS: haɗa da makirci, mahallin CRS, tsammanin matsayi, da ƙa'idodin gargaɗi aƙalla biyar (tsawon kayan aiki, maƙasudin maimaitawa, babban PDOP, mafita ta ruwa, daidaitawa ba tare da tsari ba). Sannan tabbatar da abubuwa uku na farko na jerin gargaɗin a cikin fitowar AI akan ɗanyen bayanan.

jerin abubuwan dubawa

  • [ ] Na ayyana makirci da mahallin datum CRS/a tsaye daga karce.
  • [ ] Na tambayi AI don nuna rashin daidaituwa, ba hukunci ba.
  • [ ] Na yi gaggawar ƙa'idodin gargaɗin (PDOP, gyara/tasowa ruwa, matsayi, filin da ya ɓace).
  • [ ] Na raba mafitacin ruwa da manyan abubuwan lura na PDOP.
  • [ ] Na duba cewa ban hada datum a kwance da a tsaye ba.
  • [ ] Na tabbatar da kuskuren rufewa ta lissafin hannu akan ma'auni.
  • [ ] Na ɓoye/ sarrafa bayanan mahimman bayanai a cikin ingantaccen muhalli.
  • [ ] Na ci gaba da karɓar aikin injiniya na ƙarshe.
A baya Na gaba