AI a cikin Inganta Maganin Zafin da Ma'aunin Tsari — Basirar wucin gadi a cikin injiniyoyin ƙarfe da kayan aikin injiniya

Riba:

Ability don saita austenitizing, quenching da tempering sigogi tare da AI bisa ga manufa alama da kuma tsara wani gwaji matrix.
Ability don nazarin alakar da ke tsakanin hardenability (Jominy), CCT / TTT masu lankwasa da ma'aunin zafin jiki tare da tallafin AI
Ikon gwada girke-girken maganin zafi da aka ba da shawarar AI tare da ma'auni, gaskiyar tanderu da gwajin inganci

Guda biyu da aka yi da ƙarfe ɗaya na iya zama ɗaya mai sassauƙa kamar bazara, ɗayan kuma gagaru kamar gilashi don kawai ana kula da su daban-daban. Maganin zafi shine tsarin canza microstructure kuma sabili da haka kayan aikin injiniya na kayan abu ta hanyar dumama da sanyaya shi a cikin hanyar sarrafawa. A hankula sake zagayowar a cikin karafa kunshi austenitizing (kawo zuwa austenite lokaci a high zafin jiki), quenching (sauri sanyaya da kafa martensite) da kuma tempering (laushi da martensite da samun tauri) matakai. Yanayin zafin jiki da tsawon waɗannan matakan suna ƙayyade taurin da aka yi niyya. AI yana hanzarta kafa girke-girke na farko dangane da fasalin da aka yi niyya, tsara matrix na gwaji, da fassarar magudanar ruwa. Duk da haka, gaskiyar tanderu, kauri na sashe da taurin ya sa girke-girke ya bambanta da takarda; Ba zai iya shiga cikin samarwa da yawa ba har sai an tabbatar da kowane girke-girke a cikin yanki na gwaji.

Ma'anar asali na maganin zafi da kuma rawar AI

Hardenability: Yaya zurfin ƙarfe zai iya taurare lokacin da aka kashe shi. Adadin carbon yana ƙayyade matakin taurin, kuma abubuwan haɗin gwiwa (Cr, Mo, Ni) suna ƙayyade zurfin taurin. Gwajin Jominy yana ƙididdige ƙarfi ta hanyar fesa ruwa a ƙarshen daidaitaccen samfurin da auna yadda taurin ke raguwa tare da nisa.
TTT da CCT masu lankwasa: TTT (Time-Zazzabi-Canjari: canji a akai-akai zazzabi) da kuma CCT (Ci gaba da Cooling Canjin: canji a ci gaba da sanyaya) masu lankwasa suna nuna abin da microstructure (perlite, bainite, martensite) zai haifar da abin da yanayin sanyi. Taswirar ƙirar girke-girke ce.
Ma'aunin zafin jiki: Babban zafin jiki mai zafi yana rage taurin amma yana ƙara tauri. Manufar ita ce cimma wannan daidaituwa bisa ga aikace-aikacen.

AI yana da ƙarfi a koyar da waɗannan ra'ayoyin, yana kafa matakan da za a buƙaci bisa ga maƙasudin maƙasudi, da kuma bada shawarar matrix gwaji (haɗin zafin jiki / lokaci daban-daban). Amma ainihin matsayi na CCT curve ya dogara da ainihin abun da ke cikin karfe; Lanƙwan ''an haddace'' ta AI ba ita ce ainihin lanƙwan ƙungiyar ku ba.

Tukwici: Lokacin kimanta girke-girke na maganin zafi, koyaushe tambaya game da kauri sashi. Ƙunƙarar da ke aiki a cikin samfurin bakin ciki ba zai iya isa cibiyar a cikin wani sashi mai kauri ba (tasirin taro); cibiyar ta kasance mai laushi. Ba AI mafi ƙaurin ɓangaren ɓangaren kafin neman takardar sayan magani.

Mataki-mataki: Zayyana girke-girke na maganin zafi tare da AI

Ƙayyade maƙasudi: Ƙunƙarar manufa / tauri, a cikin wane yanki, bisa ga ma'auni (misali taurin saman 55-60 HRC).
Ba da kayan abu da ɓangaren giciye: Nau'in ƙarfe (misali AISI 4140), ɓangaren giciye mafi kauri, yanayin yanzu.
Nemi kwarangwal na girke-girke: Tambayi AI don girke-girke na farko da hujja don inganta yanayin zafi/lokaci, matsakaicin matsakaici da kewayon zafin rai.
Saita matrix na gwaji: Zana matrix wanda ke bambanta zafin zafin jiki a matakai da yawa (misali 200/400/550 °C).
Aiwatar da auna: Aiwatar zuwa guntuwar gwaji kuma auna taurin da ƙaramin tsari.
Tabbatar kuma zaɓi: Kwatanta sakamako tare da manufa da ma'auni, kammala takardar sayan magani.

Gwajin matrix da gwajin ƙira (DoE)

Maimakon gwada kowane siga ɗaya bayan ɗaya, gwajin da aka ƙirƙira (DoE) yana ware tasirin sigogi da yawa tare da ƙaramin adadin gwaji. AI yana taimakawa wajen gabatar da matrix na DoE (misali cikakken ma'auni ko Taguchi) da fassara sakamakon. A ƙasa akwai matrix mai sauƙi na yanayin zafi don AISI 4140 (austenitizing 845 ° C, mai kashe mai akai-akai).

gwaji

zafin jiki

Yanayin taurin da ake tsammani

Halin gamsuwa da ake tsammani

tabbatarwa

200 °C

Babban (~ 52-55 HRC)

ƙananan

HRC + Charpy

400 °C

Matsakaici (~45-48 HRC)

matsakaici

HRC + Charpy

550 °C

Ƙananan (~ 34-38 HRC)

babba

HRC + Charpy

300 °C

(haɗarin fushi)

bukatar dubawa

Charpy + microstructure

Lura: Ƙungiyar ~ 260-370 °C a cikin layi na D yana dauke da hadarin "haɗaɗɗen martensite embrittlement" a wasu karafa; AI na iya tunawa da wannan, amma ainihin hali dole ne a tabbatar da gwajin Charpy. Matsakaicin taurin a cikin tebur abubuwa ne na yau da kullun, ba ainihin ƙima ba.

uku mini lokuta

Case 1 - An yi watsi da tasirin taro. Taron bita ya shafi takardar sayan AI na "845 °C austenite, quench in man, expect 55 HRC" don Ø80 mm shaft da aka yi da 4140. Fuskar ta fito zuwa 54 HRC, amma cibiyar ita ce kawai 32 HRC; saboda a cikin kauri sashi, man quenching ba zai iya samar da isasshen sanyaya gudun zuwa cibiyar. Tun da AI bai nemi kauri na sashin ba kuma taron bai samar da shi ba, takardar sayan magani bai cika ba. Hanyar da ta dace ita ce ba da sashin giciye kuma la'akari da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi (misali 4340) ko kafofin watsa labarai masu wahala da kuma duba bayanan Jominy.

Case 2 - Dama matrix, zabi mai kyau. Ƙungiya tana buƙatar duka isassun taurin kai da karɓuwa ga mai yankewa. Yana tambayar AI don matrix tare da yanayin zafi guda uku kamar na sama. Ana amfani da A/B/C zuwa sassan gwaji; Ana ganin cewa 400 ° C yana ba da HRC 46 da isasshen ƙarfin Charpy. Ƙungiyar ta zaɓi girke-girke B kuma ta tabbatar da martensite mai zafi a cikin microstructure. AI ya tsara matrix, an yanke shawara tare da bayanan gwaji.

Case na 3 - An kama fushin fushi. Wani injiniya ya tambayi AI 300 ° C zafi don ƙananan farashi; AI ta bayyana cewa wannan rukunin yana haifar da haɗarin fushi a wasu karafa na gami kuma yakamata a duba shi da Charpy. Injiniyan ya kwatanta 300 ° C da 450 ° C; Ya ga cewa tasirin tasirin ya yi ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani a 300 ° C kuma yana ƙara shi zuwa 450 ° C. AI ta riga ta yi alamar haɗari, an tabbatar da gwaji. Darasi: Ko da gargaɗin AI an gwada ta gwaji, amma gargaɗin yana tabbatar da an saita gwajin da ya dace.

Samfuran gaggawar da za a iya kwafi

GYARAN MAGANIN ZAFI SKELETON TEMPLATE"Rawar: Kai mataimakin injiniyan maganin zafi ne. Karfe: [misali AISI 4140]. Mafi kauri sashe: [mm]. Halin yanzu: [...].Target: [taurin saman HRC / taurin / zone].Ba ni a START girke-girke da kuma tabbatar da kauri. BAYYANA yadda taurin zai canza sakamakon. Wannan hasashe ne;

MATRIX OF EXPERIMENTS (DoE) TEMPLATE "Ina so in inganta sigogi masu zuwa: [zazzabi mai zafi, lokaci ...]. Abubuwan da aka yi niyya: [tauri, tauri]. Ba da shawarar mani matrix na gwaji (factorial / Taguchi) wanda ke raba tasirin tare da 'yan gwaje-gwaje. Rubuta abin da ma'auni (HRC, Charpy, microstructure microstructure) zai iya gwadawa. band)."

JOMINY / HARDENABILITY TEMPLATE "Ina da bayanan Jominy masu zuwa: [nau'i-nau'i-nauyi na nisa]. Yi magana game da taurin wannan karfe: yadda taurin ya ragu tare da nisa, har zuwa wane sashi kauri zan iya kula da taurin manufa? Ta yaya yake rinjayar zabin matsakaicin kashewa? Tunatar da ni in tabbatar da ainihin iyaka ta gwaji."

CCT/TTT COMMENT TEMPLATE"Yi sharhi da madaidaicin CCT don wannan karfe mai zuwa: [karfe / abun da ke ciki]. Maƙasudin microstructure: [martensite / bainite]. Kusan menene farashin sanyaya ake buƙata don samun wannan microstructure kuma menene matsakaicin quenching zai samar da shi? Bayyana cewa ainihin wurin kwana ya dogara da ainihin abun da ke ciki kuma yakamata a tabbatar da shi tare da batch dina."

Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi

RAUNI GASKIYA: "Yaya zan taurare karfe 4140?"

KARFIN GASKIYAR: "Rawar: Kai ne mataimakin injiniya mai kula da zafi. Part: AISI 4140, thickest section Ø80 mm, gear shaft. Target: 50-54 HRC a surface, core hardness as high as high as high as possible at the center, good toughness. Ka ba ni girke-girke na farko don austenitizing + quenching + quenching na tsakiya Ø amma EFFE00 na tsakiya Ø amma taurin EFFE0 sashen "bayani. Idan ya cancanta, ba da shawarar madadin karfe tare da mafi girman ƙarfi. Rubuta ma'auni wanda zan tabbatar da girke-girke akan yanki na gwaji. Karka bada garantin ainihin taurin."

Rarraunan hanzari yana haifar da amsa gaba ɗaya wanda bai san mahallin da manufa ba. Ƙarfin faɗakarwa yana ba da ɓangaren giciye da manufa, a sarari tambayoyin tasirin taro, yana neman madadin, kuma yana buƙatar ma'aunin tabbatarwa - yana kawo girke-girken takarda kusa da ainihin yanayin tanderun.

Kuskuren gama gari

Neman takardar sayan magani ba tare da bada kauri ba (tasirin taro); motsi da bakin ciki samfurin darajar zuwa lokacin farin ciki sashi.
Kuskure madaidaicin CCT/TTT "wanda aka haddace" a matsayin ainihin lanƙwan ƙungiyar ku.
Zaɓin band ɗin haɓakar zafin jiki (~ 260-370 ° C a wasu karafa) ba tare da duba shi ba.
Auna taurin amma baya auna taurin (Charpy); su biyun sun canza a gaba da gaba.
Sanya kayan girke-girke na AI a cikin samarwa da yawa ba tare da tabbatar da shi akan yanki na gwaji ba.
Ba tare da la'akari da gaskiyar tanda ba (daidaituwar yanayin zafi, ainihin yanayin sanyaya).

A takaice

A cikin maganin zafi, AI yana gina tsarin girke-girke dangane da fasalin da aka yi niyya, yana tsara matrix na gwaje-gwaje (DoE) kuma yana fassara bayanan Jominy / CCT / TTT. Duk da haka, ainihin sakamakon ya dogara da kauri na sashe, hardenability da yanayin tanda; Ba za a iya la'akari da kowane girke-girke abin dogara ba har sai an tabbatar da ta tauri da ƙananan tsarin (da Charpy tauri idan ya cancanta) a cikin yanki na gwaji. Koyaushe tambaya game da tasirin jama'a, auna taurin da taurin tare, da kuma bincika maƙallan zafin jiki mai haɗari ta gwaji.

Aikin aikace-aikace

Zaɓi karfe (misali AISI 4140 ko 4340) da kaurin sashe na gaske. Tare da samfurin "KASHIN MAGANIN MAGANIN ZAFI", sami girke-girke don taurin manufa daga AI kuma tambaye shi don bayyana tasirin taro. Sannan saita matrix tare da yanayin zafi guda uku tare da samfurin "EXPERIMENT MATRIX", rubuta ma'aunin da za ku yi a kowace gwaji kuma sanya alamar cikin haɗarin fushi. A ƙarshe, bayyana a cikin sakin layi ɗaya ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun da za ku tabbatar da girke-girke (gwajin tauri da taurin).

jerin abubuwan dubawa

[ ] Na ayyana maƙasudin taurin/tauri, yanki da ma'auni.
[ ] Na ba da mafi girman sashi kuma na ɗauki tasirin taro a cikin lissafi.
[ ] Na tambayi ma'anar hardenability (Jominy) da CCT/TTT.
[ ] Na kafa matrix gwaji kuma na tsara ma'aunin kowane gwaji.
[ ] Na yi alama maɗauran zafin jiki mai haɗari (rashin zafin jiki).
[] Na tabbatar da girke-girke tare da tauri da tauri a cikin yanki na gwaji, sa'an nan kuma sanya shi cikin samar da taro.