Riba:
- Ikon haɓaka girman girman farko da gano ƙira ta hanyar ba da sigar hull, juriya da sigogin motsa jiki zuwa AI a cikin tsari mai tsari.
- Ability don neman saitin CFD (matsalar ruwa mai ƙarfi) nazarin, hanyar sadarwa da dabarun iyakoki tare da tallafin AI
- Ƙarfin ɗaukar ƙididdiga masu dacewa da sakamako ta hanyar bincikar tsinkayar hydrodynamic na AI tare da gwajin ƙira, hanyar ƙwaƙƙwaran, da ƙwarewar jiki.
Dukkanin tattalin arzikin jirgin yana ɓoye a cikin yanayin da ya nutse. Lokacin da hull form (hull form; na jirgin karkashin ruwa da kuma surface hull geometry) ya canza ko da millimita, man da zai ƙone, da kayan da zai dauka da kuma fitar da hayaki zai canza a tsawon rayuwar wannan jirgin. Sabili da haka, ƙirar tsari da haɓakar ruwa (kimiyya na kwararar ruwa a kusa da jirgin ruwa da ƙarfin da yake haifarwa) sune matakan da aka yanke shawara mafi tsada na injiniyan ruwa. Hankali na wucin gadi (AI) yana haɓaka ayyuka uku a wannan matakin: ƙima na farko da bincike ƙira, shigar da hanyoyin juriya mai ƙarfi, da kuma tsara nazarin ƙididdigar ruwa mai ƙarfi (CFD).
Amma bari mu ƙusa shi tun daga farko: babu juriya mai juriya, babu wani nau'i na nau'i wanda AI ya bayar da ke fassara zuwa yanke shawara ba tare da an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar gwajin samfuri ko ingantacciyar hanya ba. Ruwa ba ya karanta dabara; Haƙiƙanin halayen jirgin an san shi ne kawai ta hanyar aunawa da kuma dacewa ta zahiri. AI shine mai haɓakawa da haɓaka ra'ayi a nan; hydrodynamics ba shaida ga gaskiya ba.
Ra'ayoyi: Juriya: Ƙarfin adawar da ruwa ke yi a kan jirgin yayin da yake tafiya gaba; Ya ƙunshi gogayya, kalaman ruwa da abubuwan vortex. Block Coefficient (Cb): Matsakaicin ƙarar ruwan karkashin ruwa na ƙwanƙwasa zuwa prism na rectangular da ke kewaye da shi; ma'aunin cika ne. Lambar froude (Fn): Lamba mara girma mai alaƙa da gudu zuwa tsayin jirgin ruwa; yana ƙayyade juriyar igiyar ruwa. Ingantacciyar haɓakawa: Nawa ne ƙarfin da injin ke samarwa ke jujjuya zuwa turƙi mai tasiri. EHP/DHP: Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Doki, Ƙarfin da ake buƙata don shawo kan juriya na jirgin ruwa) da kuma isar da wutar lantarki (Ikon Dokin da aka Ba da, ikon da ya kai ga propeller).
Girman Farko da Binciken Ƙira
Tsarin tsari shine matsalar bincike: akwai haɗuwa mara iyaka tsakanin manyan ma'auni (tsawon Lpp, nisa B, daftarin aiki), ƙirar ƙira (Cb, prismatic coefficient Cp, tsakiyar sashe coefficient Cm) da sauri. A cikin hanyar gargajiya, injiniyan yana farawa daga bayanan jiragen ruwa masu kama da juna (babban jerin tsayi, dangantaka ta koma baya). AI yana haɓaka wannan binciken: a cikin mintuna yana ƙididdige adadin manyan haɗe-haɗe na ɗan takara, ƙayyadaddun ƙaura na kowane, da ko ƙimar L/B, B/T sun faɗi tsakanin jeri na yau da kullun.
A nan ne mataki-mataki tsari. Mataki na farko shine gyara buƙatun manufa: kayan da za a ɗauka, kewayon, saurin sabis, iyakokin tashoshi/tashar ruwa (misali Panama, iyakokin faɗin Suez). Mataki na biyu shine a ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun manyan tsayi na farko tare da bayanan jirgin ruwa iri ɗaya. Mataki na uku shine zaɓin ƙididdiga masu ƙima a cikin madaidaicin kewayon gwargwadon yanayin yanayin saurin-sauri (lambar Froude). Mataki na hudu shine don yin ƙididdige ƙimar juriya da iko ta hanyar ingantaccen tsari (misali Holtrop-Mennen regression). A kowane ɗayan waɗannan matakan, AI yana gina tsarin kuma yana haifar da lambobi; amma yana da mahimmanci ka tambayi tushen kowace ƙididdiga kuma kwatanta shi da kewayon da aka saba.
Tukwici: Lokacin da AI ta ba da shawarar nau'i mai ƙima, tambaya "Shin wannan ƙimar Cb ce ta fi dacewa da wannan lambar Froude; a wace kewayon ya kamata ta faɗi?" Misali, a cikin nau'i mai sauri, cikakken Cb (0.80+) yana fashe juriya; AI na iya tunatar da ku wannan, amma zaɓi na ƙarshe shine naku tare da irin bayanan jirgin ruwa.
Hanyar Empirical da AI a cikin Saitin CFD
A cikin matakin farko, ana ƙididdige juriya ta hanyoyin ƙwaƙƙwaran haɓaka maimakon gwaji na samfuri. Hanyoyi irin su Holtrop-Mennen suna rushe juriya a cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da su: juriya na juriya, tasirin tsari, juriya na igiyar ruwa, kumburi, da juriya na iska, tare da tsarin da aka samo daga babban bayanan jiragen ruwa. AI yana tunawa da matakan wannan hanya, yana ƙididdige ƙididdiga na tsaka-tsaki kuma yana gina kwarangwal na maƙunsar rubutu. Amma hanyar tana da iyakokin ingancinta: An samo Holtrop don wasu jeri na Cb, Fn da L/B; Idan kun fita wajen wannan kewayon, sakamakon ba zai zama abin dogaro ba. AI yakamata ya tunatar da ku wannan iyaka; Idan bai tunatar da ku ba, ku tambaya.
A gefen CFD, AI ba ya yin maganin kanta, amma yana taimaka maka tambayar saitin: inda za a ƙarfafa ƙudurin raga, menene tsayin tantanin halitta na farko (y +) ya kamata ya kasance don layin iyaka, dalilin da yasa aka zaɓi samfurin tashin hankali (kamar k-ω SST), yadda ake sarrafa haɗuwa. Wannan tattaunawa ce ta malamai da dalibai; Abin da ke tabbatar da sakamakon lambobi shine binciken yancin kai na raga (mesh yancin kai; sakamakon ba zai canza ba lokacin da kuka ƙarfafa hanyar sadarwa) kuma, idan zai yiwu, ƙirar gwajin gwaji.
Hanya
me ke bayarwa
karfi batu
Iyaka/tabbatacce
Makamantan jirgin/ koma baya
Babban girma na farko, ƙarfin ƙarfi
Da sauri sosai, bayanai suna da arha
Yana aiki kawai don nau'ikan lissafi iri ɗaya
Holtrop-Mennen
Lanƙwan juriya na sashi
Daidaitaccen ƙirar gaba
Cb/Fn/L·B iyaka iyaka; Bukatar tabbatar da samfur
CFDs
Cikakken kwarara, filin matsa lamba
Yana ganin tasirin gida
M zuwa tsarin sadarwa da tashin hankali; daidaitawa wajibi ne
Gwajin samfurin (pool)
Auna ainihin juriya
Mafi dogara
Mai tsada, mai cin lokaci; gyaran tasirin sikelin
Mini Cases
Case 1 - Fitted gyara coefficient. Ƙungiya tana ƙididdige jimlar ja tare da Holtrop don tanki mai tsawon mita 190 a matsayin 620 kN. Lokacin da suka gaya wa AI don "inganta sakamakon," ƙirar ta ƙara da "0.80 nau'i na gyaran fuska" na asalin da ba a sani ba, yana rage juriya zuwa 496 kN. Wannan rage kashi 20% yana rage motsawa ta kusan aji ɗaya. Ƙungiyar ta yi tambaya game da tushen mai yawa; AI ba zai iya buga tushe ba. Lokacin da suka kwatanta shi da bayanan gwajin samfurin, sun ga cewa juriya na ainihi yana kusa da 610 kN. Darasi: babu abin gyara ba tare da tushe ba ya shiga sakamakon.
Hali na 2 - Wuce iyaka Froude. Dalibi yana da Holtrop yana lissafin juriyar jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 50 yana nufin saurin sabis na kullin 30. Don wannan tsayin tsayin lambar Froude yana ƙaruwa zuwa ~ 0.70; To sama da abin dogaro na Holtrop. AI yana ba da sakamako ba tare da tantance shi da farko ba. Lokacin da ɗalibin ya yi tambaya game da kewayon inganci, ya bayyana cewa hanyar ba ta dace ba a cikin wannan tsarin mulki kuma ana buƙatar wata hanya ta daban (Savitsky, da sauransu) don nau'ikan ƙaura. Darasi: Tambayoyi akan ingancin ambulan na kowace hanya mai ma'ana.
Case 3 - Kuskure daga hanyar sadarwa. A cikin binciken CFD AI yana ba da juriya 540 kN tare da raga mai laushi. Lokacin da injiniyan ya ƙarfafa hanyar sadarwa kuma ya yi nazarin 'yancin kai, sakamakon shine 605 kN; ƙimar farko ta kasance ƙasa da kashi 11% saboda ba a sami isassun an warware filin igiyar ruwa ba. Darasi: Ba za a iya ɗaukar sakamakon CFD abin dogaro ba tare da binciken yancin kai na hanyar sadarwa ba.
Samfuran Sauƙaƙen Kwafi
Samfurin 1 - Binciken da aka riga aka ƙirƙira:
Matsayi: Kai mai ba da shawara ne na farko na jirgin ruwa.Tsarin (wakili): Biyan kuɗi don babban mai ɗaukar kaya ~ 40,000 t, saurin sabis ~ 14.5 knots, a cikin daftarin daftarin Suez.Task: 1) Ba da shawarar 4 ɗan takarar babban tsayin haɗuwa (Lpp, B, T) . kewayo na yau da kullun.Ƙuntatawa: Rubuta rukunin kowane lamba; saka regression/database da kuke amfani da su; Kada ku yanke shawara ta ƙarshe, ƙaddamar da ɗan takara.
Samfura 2 - Yana daidaita lissafin Holtrop resistor:
Ƙirƙiri tsarin lissafin juriya na farko tare da hanyar Holtrop-Mennen. Abubuwan shigarwa (wakili): Lpp, B, T, Cb, Cp, saurin sabis, yankin rigar. Ina so: 1) Lissafin abubuwan juriya daban-daban (gwagwarmaya, tsari, kalaman ruwa, tsinkaya, iska) 2) Rubuta dabara da ƙididdiga da kuke amfani da su don kowane bangare.3) Ƙayyade iyakar ingancin hanyar (Cb, Fn, L / B) kuma duba ko abubuwan da na shiga suna cikin wannan kewayon. et.4) Ƙara yadda za a daidaita sakamakon tare da gwajin samfurin.
Samfura 3 - Tambayar saitin CFD:
Ina kafa nazarin juriya na jirgin ruwa CFD. Bayyana waɗannan yanke shawara masu zuwa tare da gaskatawa kuma ba da ƙima mai ƙima: - Zaɓin ƙirar ƙirar turbulence da dalili - Maganin kusa da bango (y+ manufa) da tsayin tantanin farko - Saitunan sararin samaniya (VOF) - Yadda za a bincika haɗin kai da ragamar 'yancin kai Ƙara "ta yaya zan tabbatar da wannan" layi ga kowace shawara.
Samfura na 4 - Binciken dacewa na sakamakon:
Yi la'akari da sakamakon juriya / iko mai zuwa: [Manna EHP, DHP, saurin, ƙimar juriya]1) Shin tsarin girman girman wannan girman jirgin ruwa ne?2) Shin zato ingancin aikin ku yana da ma'ana (yawanci 0.55-0.70)?3) Yi ƙididdige juriya daga saurin da na shiga, shin daidai ne ko ba a gano wani ƙima ba?4.
Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
Rawanin faɗakarwa:
Ba da mafi kyawun tsari da juriya don wannan jirgin ruwa.
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:
Matsayi: Kai mai ba da shawara ne na ƙira na hydrodynamic. Magana (wakili, ba ainihin aikin ba): Lpp ~ 180 m, B ~ 32 m, T ~ 12.5 m, Cb ~ 0.84, gudun sabis ~ 14.5 knots. Aiki: Ƙimar juriya na farko ta hanyar Holtrop; rubuta tushen kowace ƙididdigewa da ƙimar ingancin hanyar. Ƙuntatawa: ADD gyara factor ba tare da tushe. Jera yadda ake tabbatar da sakamakon tare da gwajin samfuri da irin ma'auni da nake buƙatar ɗauka. Raka'o'in jihohi (kN, kW, kulli) a sarari.
Siffar da ba ta da ƙarfi ta bar "mafi kyau" ba a bayyana shi ba kuma baya buƙatar tabbatarwa; Ƙarfin faɗakarwa yana buƙatar mahallin, hanya, iyakar inganci, da hanyar tabbatarwa.
Kuskuren gama gari
- Yin watsi da ingantaccen ambulaf. Yin amfani da Holtrop ko duk wani koma baya a wajen kewayon da aka samo shi yana ba da juriya mai ma'ana amma ba daidai ba.
- Karɓar abin da ba a samo asali ba. Ka ce "inganta" kuma ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun AI yana ƙara karkatar da sakamakon cikin shiru.
- Amfani da CFD ba tare da 'yancin kai na cibiyar sadarwa ba. Ƙaƙƙarfan raga ba zai iya warware magudanar igiyar ruwa da filin vortex ba; juriya ya zama ƙasa.
- Mantawa da tasirin sikelin. Sakamakon gwaji na samfurin yana buƙatar gyaran juzu'i (hanyar ITTC) lokacin motsawa zuwa cikakken sikelin; AI na iya ƙetare wannan.
- Ɗaukar ingantaccen aika aika cikin kyakkyawan fata. Ko da juriya daidai ne, ingantaccen ingantaccen tuƙi yana raina ƙarfin injin da ake buƙata.
A takaice
AI yana hanzarta gano nau'in hull, saitin lissafin juriya, da shirye-shiryen gudu na CFD; yana sanya fom ɗin ɗan takara da yawa kwatankwacinsu cikin mintuna. Amma kowace hanya ta ƙwaƙƙwara tana da ambulaf ɗin inganci, kowane sakamakon CFD yana da dogaro na hanyar sadarwa, kuma kowane cikakken ƙididdiga yana da gyare-gyaren ma'auni. Juriya da ƙimar ƙarfin da AI ke samarwa za'a iya fassara shi kawai zuwa yanke shawara bayan wucewa ta hanyar tace gwajin ƙirar, tabbatarwa mai ƙarfi da ƙwarewa ta zahiri.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Don jigilar wakilai (misali Lpp ~ 150 m, B ~ 25 m, T ~ 9 m, Cb ~ 0.75, gudun ~ 15 knots), da AI lissafin farko ja da EHP ta amfani da hanyar Holtrop. Sannan nemi tsari na girma da kuma zato iya aiki ta hanyar amfani da samfurin “tabbataccen tabbaci na ƙarshe”. Tambayi AI don ingantacciyar kewayon hanyar kuma bincika idan abubuwan shigarku suna cikin wannan kewayon. Bayar da aƙalla rashin daidaituwa ɗaya da kuka samo da kuma yadda kuka tabbatar da shi a cikin rabin shafi.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] Na kwatanta iyakar ingancin hanyar da na yi amfani da ita tare da abubuwan shigarwa na.
- [ ] Na tambaya kuma na tabbatar da tushen kowane abin gyara da AI ta ƙara.
- [] Na kwatanta juriya da sakamakon wutar lantarki zuwa tsari mai girma tare da jirgin ruwa na yau da kullum.
- [ ] Idan na yi amfani da CFD, na shirya/yi nazarin 'yancin kai na hanyar sadarwa.
- [ ] Na tabbatar da cewa zato ingancin aikawa yana cikin kewayon da ya dace.
- [ ] Na dogara ne akan yanke shawara ta ƙarshe akan gwajin samfurin/tabbatacciyar hanya.