Riba:
- Ikon haɓaka karatun cinikin kasuwanci daga buƙatun manufa zuwa ƙirar jirgin sama / ƙirar sararin samaniya tare da tallafin AI
- Ikon aiwatar da rubuce-rubucen buƙatun, ganowa da sarrafa daidaito tare da daidaitawar tsokaci
- Ikon kawar da abubuwan da ba su da ma'ana ta hanyar ƙetare ƙetare wuraren ƙira da aka ba da shawarar AI tare da ƙididdigar hannu na tushen kimiyyar lissafi.
An haifi jirgin sama ko jirgin sama daga jerin abubuwan da ake buƙata, ba a kan allon zane ba. Jumlar "Ɗauki wannan kaya mai yawa zuwa wannan zangon, a cikin wannan sauri, a wannan farashin" shine iri na zane wanda zai dade shekaru masu zuwa. Ƙirar ra'ayi (matakin ƙira na farko wanda aka fara ƙayyade girman girman, nauyi da daidaitawar abin hawa) shine aiwatar da fitar da siffa ta farko daga wannan iri. Hukunce-hukuncen da aka yanke a nan suna da arha, amma tasirin su shine mafi tsada: zaɓi ɗaya kuskuren ra'ayi na iya jefar da miliyoyin daloli na ƙira.
A cikin wannan rukunin, za mu yi amfani da hankali na wucin gadi (AI) don rage nauyi uku na ƙira na ra'ayi: fassara buƙatun ayyuka marasa ma'ana cikin buƙatun ma'auni, kiyaye ganowa da daidaito tsakanin buƙatu, da haɓaka bincike-bincike tsakanin zaɓuɓɓukan ƙira masu gasa. Amma bari mu ƙaddamar da ƙa'idar mahimmanci tun daga farko: Kowane girman, kowane kimanta nauyi da AI ta ba da shawara dole ne ta hanyar lissafin hannu na tushen kimiyyar lissafi. AI abokin haɗin gwiwar tunani ne da lissafin kuɗi; ba shi da ikon yanke hukunci.
Ra'ayoyi: Bukatu: Bayani guda ɗaya mai tabbatarwa wanda dole ne kayan aikin ya gamsar da su. Abun ganowa: Sarkar rikodin inda kowace buƙatu ta fito da kuma wace ƙira/gwaji ta cika. Wurin ciniki: Saitin duk zaɓuɓɓukan da aka ƙirƙira ta masu canjin ƙira. MTOW: Matsakaicin nauyin cirewa (Mafi girman nauyin cirewa), mafi girman taro da abin hawa zai iya tashi.
Daga Aikin Buƙatar Buƙatun: Mataki-mataki
Kyakkyawan buƙatu yana da halaye guda uku: guda ɗaya (ya faɗi abu ɗaya), mai aunawa (yana ɗauke da lamba da raka'a), da kuma tabbatacce (a bayyane yake yadda ake duba shi). "Dole ne jirgin ya yi sauri" ba abin da ake bukata ba; "Dole ne jirgin ya cimma 250 kt caliber airspeed (KCAS) a matakin teku" abin bukata.
Mataki na farko shine tattara buƙatun masu ruwa da tsaki da kuma karkatar da su cikin daftarin buƙatu tare da AI. Mataki na biyu shine a sanya kowane buƙatu mai aunawa: maye gurbin kowane sifa mara kyau ("mai nauyi," "mai dorewa," "mai inganci") tare da ma'auni da kofa. Mataki na uku shine don neman sabani tsakanin buƙatun: kewayon da kayan biya sau da yawa suna gasa da juna, AI da sauri ya kawo waɗannan sabani a saman. Mataki na hudu shine kafa matrix mai ganowa: taswirar wane babban matakin haƙiƙan ɗawainiya ya kai ga wane ƙaramin buƙatu.
A gefen ma'auni na ra'ayi, AI na iya tunawa da sanannun alaƙar injiniya (ƙasassun nauyin nauyi, rabo-zuwa-nauyi, ɗaukar nauyi) da kafa sarkar lissafi na farko. Misali, don jirgin fasinja, ana iya ƙididdige juzu'in nauyin man fetur tare da ƙididdigar kewayon Breguet kuma za'a iya ƙididdige juzu'in nauyin mara komai tare da alaƙar ƙididdiga. Amma kowace hanyar haɗin wannan sarkar ana tabbatar da ita ta hanyar lissafin hannu.
Tukwici: Lokacin rubuta buƙatun, ba wa AI aikin kai tsaye don "maye gurbin kowane madaidaicin sifa tare da awo, naúrar, da hanyar tabbatarwa." Samfurin yana aiki mafi ladabi lokacin da kuka ce "yi aunawa" maganganun da ba za a iya tantancewa ba kamar "abokan mai amfani".
Ƙimar Ciniki-kashe Analysis
Zuciyar bincike-kashe-kashe yana haɗawa da ƙa'idodin ɗan takara da yawa tare da ma'auni gama gari. Kayan aiki na gargajiya shine matrix yanke shawara mai nauyi: ana ba da ma'auni mahimmanci nauyi, kowane ɗan takara yana da ƙima akan kowane ma'auni, ana ɗaukar jimlar nauyi. AI da sauri ya gina wannan matrix, amma ku yi hankali da ramuka biyu: ma'aunin nauyi shine hukuncin injiniya na zahiri (ba a bar shi ga AI ba) kuma dole ne maki ya dogara ne akan gaskatawar jiki (ba a haɗa shi ba).
Ma'auni (nauyi)
Saita A: High wing
Saita B: Low wing
Saita C: Canard
Nisa, km (0.30)
1200
1350
1250
Nauyin nauyi, kg (0.25)
640
610
690
Farashin samarwa (0.20)
matsakaici
ƙananan
babba
Kwanciyar hankali (0.15)
babba
matsakaici
matsakaici
Sauƙin kulawa (0.10)
babba
matsakaici
ƙananan
Kuna iya samun AI ta gina wannan tebur; Amma kewayon da lambobi masu nauyi dole ne su fito daga lissafin farko mai zaman kansa, kuma ƙididdiga masu inganci kamar "kwanciyar hankali: babba" dole ne kuma a ba da gaskiya. Ƙarfin AI shi ne cewa yana tsara nau'i-nau'i daban-daban guda goma a cikin minti kuma yana yin nazarin jin dadi (yadda darajar ta canza idan nauyi ya canza).
Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
Rawanin faɗakarwa:
Ina kera jirgin horo. Faɗa mani mafi kyawun tsari.
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:
Matsayi: Kai mai ba da shawara ne na ƙirar jirgin sama. Mahimmanci: Nazarin cinikin farko na jirgin sama mai horar da kujeru biyu (darajar su ne wakilci): kewayon manufa ~ 1000 km, saurin tafiye-tafiye ~ 55 m / s, kaya ~ 220 kg, fifikon farashin samarwa. Aiki: 1) Ba da shawarar daidaitawar ɗan takarar 3 (matsayin reshe, nau'in injin) .2) Sanya tebur kwatanta kowane ɗan takara akan: kewayon, ƙididdige nauyin komai, farashin samarwa, kwanciyar hankali.3) Yi amfani da ƙididdiga na ƙididdigewa rubuta dangantaka da zato.Ƙuntatawa: Bayyana dangantakar ƙididdiga da kuka yi amfani da ita a cikin ƙididdigar nauyin ku; rubuta naúrar; Kada ku yanke shawara ta ƙarshe, ƙaddamar da ɗan takara. Zan auna kuma in yanke hukunci da kaina.
Samfuran Sauƙaƙen Kwafi
Samfura 1 - Fassara buƙatun ɗawainiya zuwa abin da ake aunawa:
Canza buƙatun masu ruwa da tsaki masu zuwa zuwa guda ɗaya, masu aunawa da buƙatun tabbatarwa. Ga kowane buƙatu: ma'auni, raka'a, ƙimar kofa, da hanyar tabbatarwa da aka gabatar (bincike/gwaji/muna). Fassara fassarorin sifa ("haske", "sauri") zuwa lambobi masu kankare; Idan akwai rashin tabbas, tambayi menene bayanin da kuke buƙata. Buƙatun: [jeri a nan]
Samfurin 2 - Matrix na ganowa da kuma tantance rikice-rikice:
Ɗauki wannan jeri na buƙatun kuma: (a) gina tebur mai ganowa wanda ke haɗa kowane buƙatu zuwa babban maƙasudin ɗawainiya; (b) yiwa kowane nau'i-nau'i na buƙatu masu karo da juna ko ƙalubale (misali kewayo vs. biya); (c) jerin abubuwan da ba a iya tantancewa ko abubuwan da ba za a iya tantancewa ba. Bari sakamakon ya zama tebur. Bukatun: [jeri a nan]
Samfura 3 - Saitin matrix yanke shawara mai nauyi:
Gina tsarin matrix yanke shawara mai nauyi don daidaitawar ɗan takara masu zuwa. Yi layukan ma'auni da ginshiƙan 'yan takara. Bar ginshiƙin nauyi BLANK (Zan shigar da ma'aunin nauyi). Bayyana a cikin wani bayanin kula daban da hujjar zahiri don makin da za ku saka a kowace tantanin halitta; Kada a rubuta lambar da aka yi, yi alama a wurin da ka zato a matsayin "zato". 'Yan takara: [...] Ma'auni: [...]
Samfurin 4 - Duban giciye na ma'auni:
Bincika sakamako mai zuwa kai tsaye: MTOW, yanki reshe, turawa. (a) Yi ƙididdige lodin fuka-fuki (W/S) kuma kwatanta shi da kewayo na yau da kullun don ajin jirgin da aka ba ku. (b) Yi ƙididdige ƙimar matsa-zuwa-nauyi (T/W) kuma kwatanta shi da kewayon da aka saba. (c) Gargaɗi idan ƙimar suna waje da kewayon da aka saba kuma suna nuna kuskuren yiwuwar. Rubuta duk raka'a a bayyane. Shigarwa: [MTOW, S, T ƙimar]
Mini Cases
Case 1 - Gano farkon buƙatu masu karo da juna. A cikin aikin UAV, masu ruwa da tsaki suna son duka "aƙalla sa'o'i 8 na lokacin iska" da "mafi girman jimlar kilogiram 12". Ta hanyar ƙididdige buƙatun biyu da ƙaddamar da kasafin kuɗi na makamashi, AI ya nuna cewa jirgin sama na sa'o'i 8 tare da ƙarancin ƙarfin baturi (kimanin 200 Wh/kg) zai buƙaci kilogiram 6-7 na baturi kaɗai; Wannan bai dace da kasafin kilogiram 12 tare da kaya da tsari ba. An tattauna sabani kafin fara ƙira dalla-dalla. Darasi: Fassara buƙatu zuwa lambobi yana bayyana ɓoyayyun sabani da wuri.
Case 2 — Sensitivity analysis canza yanke shawara. Ƙungiya ɗaya ta kwatanta saitunan fuka-fuki uku; Sanya tare da ma'aunin farko. B yayi nasara (maki mai nauyi 0.82 vs. 0.79). An tambayi AI "abin da zai faru idan na rage nauyin farashi daga 0.20 zuwa 0.10"; A cikin wannan yanayin yanayin kewayon yana zuwa gaba da Config. A yana kan gaba (0.84 vs. 0.80). Tawagar tana ganin yadda shawarar ke da mahimmanci don fifikon farashi kuma tana fayyace ma'auni tare da masu ruwa da tsaki. Darasi: ba maki guda ba ne ke da mahimmanci, amma daidaiton matsayi.
Case 3 - Kuskuren oda a kimanta nauyi. AI yana ba da nauyin fanko na jirgin sama mai haske kamar kilogiram 95 daga dangantaka. Injiniyan ya tuna cewa nauyin fanko na jirgin sama mai kujeru biyu na aji iri ɗaya yawanci yana cikin kewayon kilogiram 350-500; 95 kg jiki ba zai yiwu ba. Lokacin da aka bincika, ana ganin cewa AI ta yi kuskuren amfani da ƙididdiga a cikin alaƙa kuma an gyara shi. Darasi: Ana kwatanta kowane ƙididdiga na nauyi ta umarni na girma zuwa sanannen kewayon ajin.
Kuskuren gama gari
- Karɓar buƙatu maras tabbas. Ba za a iya tabbatar da buƙatun da ba ta ƙunshi ma'auni da raka'a ba; "Ya kamata ya zama haske" fata ne, ba buƙatu ba.
- Samun AI ya zaɓi ma'auni. Ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'auni a cikin matrix yanke shawara shine aikin injiniya na zahiri da kuma hukuncin masu ruwa da tsaki; Idan an bar shi ga AI, yanke shawara ya kasance mara kyau.
- Karɓar maki ba tare da hujja ba. Idan maki masu inganci kamar "Stability: high" ba su da tushe na zahiri, matrix ɗin ya zama jerin zato na zato.
- Ba tabbatar da kimar nauyi/girma ba. Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ƙididdiga ce; Ba a ɗaukar shi cikin ƙira dalla-dalla ba tare da kwatanta shi da kewayon aji ba.
- Barin ganowa na gaba. Idan ba a rubuta inda buƙatun ya fito ba, ba wanda zai san irin shawarar da canjin zai shafa a nan gaba.
A takaice
Tsarin tunani shine matakin da mafi arha amma mafi inganci yanke shawara. AI babban mai haɓakawa ne a nan wajen fassara buƙatun da ba su da tushe cikin buƙatun da za a iya aunawa, bincika abubuwan ganowa da rikice-rikice, da kwatanta jeri da yawa a kan teburin cinikin ciniki. Koyaya, ma'aunin ma'auni shine hukuncin ɗan adam, ana tabbatar da hasashen lambobi ta hanyar lissafin hannu na tushen kimiyyar lissafi da tazarar aji, yanke shawara na ƙarshe ya kasance tare da injiniyan. AI yana samar da 'yan takara; baya yanke hukunci.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Rubuta manyan manufofin manufa guda uku don iska ko jirgin sama da kuke so. Amfani da AI, fassara waɗannan zuwa aƙalla buƙatun aunawa guda shida kuma saita tebur mai ganowa. Sannan ƙirƙirar matrix yanke shawara mai nauyi don daidaitawar ɗan takara guda uku; Ƙayyade ma'aunin nauyi da kanka. A ƙarshe, tabbatar da ƙimar nauyi / girman da AI ta bayar tare da lissafin hannu mai zaman kansa da kewayon aji. Bayar da rahoto aƙalla buƙatu guda biyu inda kuka sami rikici.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] Na sanya kowane buƙatu guda ɗaya, mai aunawa, kuma mai iya tabbatarwa.
- [ ] Na maye gurbin madaidaitan sifofin da awo, naúra da kofa.
- [ ] Na kafa tebur mai ganowa da alamun buƙatu masu karo da juna.
- [] Na ƙaddara matrix matrix nauyi da kaina (ba AI).
- [ ] Na dangana maki matrix zuwa hujja ta zahiri.
- [ ] Na tabbatar da kiyasin nauyi/girma tare da tazarar aji da lissafin hannu.