Riba:
- Ability don saita matakan sarrafa hoto na asali tare da OpenCV da daidaita su zuwa layin kula da inganci tare da taimakon AI
- Ikon ba da shawarar tsarin hangen nesa kamar haske, daidaitawa, da maƙasudin zuwa AI tare da mahallin da ya dace.
- Ikon tantance haɗarin kuskuren rarraba sakamakon hangen nesa na injin da buƙatar tabbatarwa
Gwajin Module
1. A game da lambar tuƙi ta injin AI a cikin mechatronics, wanne daga cikin matakai masu zuwa bai kamata a taɓa tsallakewa ba kafin farawa?
- A) Tabbatarwa da sake duba lambar a cikin ƙayyadadden yanayi mai tsaro ✔
- B) Share layukan sharhi na lambar
- C) Fassara mabambanta sunaye zuwa Baturke
- D) Loda lambar kai tsaye zuwa layin samarwa
Bayani: Lambun da aka ƙirƙira AI-ƙirƙira zai iya fitar da mai kunnawa ta zahiri ta hanyar da ba daidai ba ko tare da wuce kima na halin yanzu, yana haifar da lalacewa ga kayan aiki da muhalli. Tabbatar da lambar farko a cikin siminti ko a cikin amintaccen muhallin gwaji tare da iyakoki na yanzu/gudu mataki ne da injiniyan ba zai iya barin ba.
2. Kun tambayi AI don maganin kinematics mai juzu'i don hannun mutum-mutumi na axis. Me ya kamata ku fara yi kafin amfani da firinta lafiya?
- A) Aika da maganin kai tsaye zuwa robot
- B) Tabbatar cewa kusurwoyin haɗin gwiwa sun kasance a cikin iyaka da sarari aiki ✔
- C) Canza launin mutum-mutumi
- D) Dangane da mafita ta farko kawai da watsi da sauran
Bayani: Kinematics mai juzu'i sau da yawa yana samar da mafita fiye da ɗaya, kuma wasu na iya ƙetare iyakokin haɗin gwiwa ko faɗuwa cikin maƙasudai. Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da ƙididdigewa cewa mafita ya kasance a cikin iyakokin haɗin gwiwa da sararin aiki mai isa.
3. Kun rubuta lambar don yin AI ta ɗauki karatun firikwensin akan microcontroller, kuma lambar tana amfani da jinkiri (1000) a cikin babban madauki. Me yasa wannan zai iya zama matsala?
- A) jinkiri () yana lalata ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya har abada
- B) jinkiri () yana toshewa kuma yana hana amsawa na ainihi ✔
- C) jinkiri () yana aiki ne kawai akan masu sarrafawa 8-bit
- D) jinkiri () yana zafi da firikwensin jiki
Bayani: 'jinkiri()' yana toshewa; Mai sarrafawa ba zai iya yin wani aiki ba a wannan lokacin, duk ayyuka sai katsewa suna tsayawa. A cikin tsarin mechatronic na ainihi, wannan yana haifar da rasa karatun firikwensin da jinkirin amsawa; An fi son tsarin da ba tare da toshewa ba.
4. Kuna haɗa IMU (gyroscope) da ɓoye bayanai a cikin mutummutumi na hannu. Menene babban dalilin amfani da na'ura mai mahimmanci ko Kalman?
- A) Don rage yawan firikwensin
- B) Haɗa ƙarfin na'urori daban-daban da rage ɗimuwa da hayaniya ✔
- C) Don rage yawan adadin bayanai
- D) Don sauƙaƙe wayoyi
Bayani: Kowane firikwensin yana da halayensa na kuskure: gyroscope daidai ne a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci amma yana ɓarna a kan lokaci, encoder/accelerometer yana hayaniya. Haɗin firikwensin yana haɗa yankin mitar inda kowane firikwensin yana da ƙarfi, yana samar da ingantaccen ƙima da kwanciyar hankali daga firikwensin guda ɗaya.
5. Yayin da muka ƙara ƙayyadaddun lokaci (I) a cikin mai kula da PID, oscillation da overshoot sun fara a cikin tsarin. Menene mafi kusantar dalilin wannan hali?
- A) Kalmomin asali sifili ne
- B) M smoothing saboda wuce haddi riba da iska ✔
- C) An rufe firikwensin
- D) Saitin ƙima mara kyau
Bayani: Babban riba mai mahimmanci yana ƙoƙarin gyara kuskuren da aka tara da ƙarfi kuma yana iya haifar da oscillation, overshoot da rashin kwanciyar hankali tare da haɗakar iska. Yawancin lokaci kalmar I tana ƙaruwa da matsakaici don kawar da kuskuren dindindin; Idan akwai oscillation, an rage ni ko an ƙara iyakancewar iska.
6. Ka samar da tsani dabaru sketch ga PLC tare da AI. Menene madaidaicin hanya lokacin zayyana maɓallin tasha gaggawa (E-stop)?
- A) Yin amfani da buɗaɗɗen (NO) tuntuɓi da amincewa da software
- B) Rufewa na yau da kullun (NC), yana tabbatar da canzawa zuwa gefen aminci tare da amintaccen lamba ✔
- C) Aiwatar da E-Stop tare da software na allo kawai
- D) Sanya E-Stop a ƙarshen babban zagayowar
Bayani: An ƙera da'irorin tasha na gaggawa tare da rufaffiyar tuntuɓar (NC) ta al'ada da dabaru masu aminci don aminci; Lokacin da kebul ɗin ya karye ko aka yanke wutar lantarki, dole ne tsarin ya canza zuwa gefen aminci (tsayawa). Dole ne a sake nazarin fitowar AI bisa wannan ƙa'idar aminci.
7. Lokacin yin simintin motsin motsi na motar DC tare da ƙirar ƙirar ƙira, AI alama yana ba da sakamakon da ya dace daidai da ainihin tsarin. Menene halayen injiniya daidai?
- A) Karɓar samfurin a matsayin cikakkiyar kwafin gaskiya da rashin yin ma'auni
- B) Tabbatar da zato na ƙira da ƙimar inganci tare da ainihin ma'auni ✔
- C) Rage lokacin kwaikwayo
- D) Launi ginshiƙi kuma bayar da rahoto
Bayani: Samfurin simintin ƙididdigewa na gaskiya ne saboda rashin kula da gogayya, jikewa, jinkiri da rashin tabbas. Ba za a iya la'akari da sakamakon ƙira cikakke ba har sai an kwatanta su tare da ainihin ma'aunin tsarin kuma an ƙayyade ingantacciyar kewayo (tabbatarwa).
8. A cikin kulawar tsinkaya, kuna gano anomaly daga bayanan jijjiga don ɗaukar hoto. Menene sakamakon da aka saba na saita ƙofa yayi ƙasa sosai (masu hankali)?
- A) Rashin samar da wani ƙararrawa
- B) Samar da abubuwan karya akai-akai ba tare da ainihin aiki ba ✔
- C) Daidaita firikwensin ta atomatik
- D) Rage girgiza ta jiki
Bayani: Ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan kofa yana haifar da ƙararrawa ko da ba tare da kuskure na ainihi ba; Waɗannan halayen karya suna haifar da raguwa mara amfani da ƙimar kulawa, kuma a kan lokaci, sa mai aiki ya rasa amincewa ga ƙararrawa. An saita ƙofa don daidaita kuskuren da aka rasa da ƙararrawar ƙarya.
9. Kuna gano ɓarna a saman ɓangaren ɓangaren tare da hangen nesa na inji akan layin samarwa. Wanne abu mai iya sarrafawa ya fi shafar amincin sakamakon?
- A) Alamar kamara
- B) Sarrafa kuma daidaitaccen yanayin haske ✔
- C) Shekarun gwanintar ma'aikata
- D) Launin zanen layi
Bayani: A cikin hangen nesa na na'ura, haskakawa shine mafi mahimmanci kuma abin sarrafawa na dukan sarkar. Rashin daidaituwa ko rashin isasshen haske zai yaudare har ma da mafi kyawun algorithm; haske mai sarrafawa da maimaitawa yana rage ɓarnawa ta hanyar sarrafa inuwa da tunani.
10. Kuna da lambar rubuta AI don tsarin da ke buƙatar aminci na aiki. Wanne daga cikin waɗannan shine mafi kyawun bayanin alhakin game da amfani da AI?
- A) AI yana ɗaukar alhakin yanke shawara mai mahimmanci na aminci, injiniya ba dole ba ne ya yarda
- B) Tun da AI shine mafi kyawun samfurin zamani, ana iya ɗaukar fitarwa zuwa cikin filin lafiya ba tare da gwaji ba
- C) Alhakin aminci, gwaji da daidaitattun yarda ya ta'allaka ne ga injiniya da ƙungiyar ✔
- D) Alhakin ya ta'allaka ne ga mai bada AI wanda ya rubuta lambar
Bayani: AI mataimakin injiniya ne; yana samar da zane-zane, shawarwari da bincike, amma injiniya da ƙungiyar a ƙarshe suna da alhakin tsaro, gwaji da bin tsarin jiki tare da ma'auni (misali ISO 13849, IEC 61508). Ba za a iya sanya fitar da AI a cikin tsarin aminci mai mahimmanci ba tare da tabbatarwa ba.