Riba:
- Ikon tantance alamun kuskure daga bayanan girgizawa / yanayin zafi ta hanyar cire fasali tare da AI
- Ikon ƙirƙira tushen kofa da sauƙi na injuna koyan hanyoyin gano anomaly tare da taimakon AI
- Ability don tabbatar da ma'auni na ƙararrawa na ƙarya (ƙirar ƙarya) da kuskuren da aka rasa (maganin ƙarya) da yanke shawara
Rashin gazawar da ba zato ba tsammani na tasiri a kan layin samarwa yana haifar da sa'o'i na raguwa, umarni da aka rasa, da kuma wani lokacin lalacewar haɗin gwiwa. Kulawa na al'ada yana tsayawa a wurare biyu: gyare-gyaren lalacewa (gyara shi lokacin da ya karye-abin mamaki mafi tsada) da kiyayewa na lokaci-lokaci (maye gurbin ta jadawali-sau da yawa da wuri kuma mai lalacewa). Kulawa da tsinkaya yana buɗe hanya ta uku: koyaushe auna ainihin yanayin injin, tsinkayar gazawar da shiga tsakani a daidai lokacin. Canje-canje a sigina kamar girgiza, zafin jiki, halin yanzu da sauti suna nuna rashin aiki makonni a gaba. AI yana da ƙarfi a nan: cire fasali daga sigina, gano abubuwan da ba su da kyau, ƙididdige sauran tsawon rayuwa. Amma ƙararrawa ɗaya na ƙarya yana nufin lokacin da ba dole ba ne, wanda aka rasa kuskure yana nufin bala'i; Ƙofa da ma'aunin yanke shawara alhakin injiniya ne. A cikin wannan rukunin, mun rufe yadda ake saita kiyaye tsinkaya tare da AI da kuma tabbatar da yanke shawara.
Me yasa Vibration da Zazzabi?
Laifi a cikin injinan jujjuya suna barin sa hannu na halayen. Lokacin da ƙugiya ta ƙare, kayan aiki suna tsagewa, igiya ya zama mara daidaituwa, makamashi yana ƙaruwa a wasu mitoci a cikin bakan jijjiga. Zazzabi mai nuna jinkirin amma abin dogaro na gogayya da haɓakar kaya. Muna fitar da fasali masu ma'ana daga waɗannan sigina:
sifa
me yake cewa
Wanne rashin aiki?
RMS (tasirin ƙima)
Ƙarfin girgiza gaba ɗaya
Gabaɗaya tabarbarewa, rashin daidaituwa
kololuwa
bugu kwatsam
Rashin lahani, daraja
Matsayin Crest (kololuwa/RMS)
Abun ciki na bugun jini
Rashin gazawar da ba a kai ba
kurtosis
The "spikiness" na rarraba
Alamar kuskuren bugun jini
Yawan mitoci (FFT)
Mitar da ake tara makamashi
Takamammen gazawar bangaren
Mahimmin ra'ayi: maimakon kallon siginar ɗanyen aiki, muna sa ido kan abubuwan da ba su da kyau. AI da sauri ya rubuta lamba wanda ke ƙididdige waɗannan halayen.
shigo da numpy as npdef jitter_attributes(sigina, fs): """ siginar: jerin hanzari, fs: mitar samfur (Hz).""" rms = np.sqrt (np.mean(signal**2)) kololuwa = np.max(np.abs (sigina)) crest = ifrm 0 (lokaci na huɗu / bambance-bambancen^2) ma'ana = np.ma'ana (sigina) kurtosis = np.ma'ana ((sigina - ma'ana)**4) / (np.var (sigina)**2 + 1e-12) # rinjaye mita (FFT) bakan = np.abs (np.fft =.rfft (signal)) ft. 1/fs) dominant_f = mitoci [np.argmax(spectrum)] dawowa {"rms": rms, "peak": peak, "crest": crest, "kurtosis": kurtosis, "mafi yawan lokaci": rinjaye_f}
Tukwici: Lokacin fitar da fasalulluka zuwa AI, tabbatar da saka mitar samfur (fs) da tsawon lokacin siginar. Ƙimar FFT da iyakar Nyquist sun dogara da su; Idan ba a ba fs ba, za a yi kuskuren fassarar mitar mai rinjaye. Bugu da ƙari, babu kofa da ke da ma'ana ba tare da tattara "tushe" daga na'ura mai lafiya ba.
Gane-Gano-Gano da Koyo
Akwai hanyoyi na asali guda biyu:
Matsakaicin tushen: Wucewa ƙayyadaddun iyaka na sifa (misali RMS) yana haifar da ƙararrawa. Mai sauƙi, m kuma mai bayyanawa; Amma samun ƙofa daidai yana da wahala kuma mai girma ɗaya ne.
tushen ilmantarwa (ganowa mara kyau): Yana koyon "al'ada" daga bayanan aiki lafiya kuma yana nuna sabani daga gare ta. Yana ɗaukar alamu iri-iri, amma yana buƙatar ƙarin bayanai da haɗari zama "akwatin baƙar fata."
shigo da numpy azaman npdef z_score_anomali (darajar, baseline_avg, baseline_std, threshold=3.0): """ Sauƙaƙan ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga: nawa stds nesa da tushe?""" z = (darajar - baseline_avg) / (baseline_std + 1e-12), RMS matsakaita (#z-12) dawo absthmple 0.8 akan na'ura mai lafiya, bari std ya zama 0.1alarm, z = z_score_anomaly (darajar = 1.25, baseline_avg=0.8, baseline_std=0.1) buga (f"z-score: {z:.1f}, ƙararrawa: {ararrawa}") # z=4.5 -> ƙararrawa Gaskiya.
Ko da wannan sauƙi na z-score yana nuna ka'ida: an samo bakin kofa daga kididdigar na'ura mai lafiya, ba a zaba shi ba bisa ka'ida ba. AI na iya ba da shawarar ƙarin hanyoyin ci gaba (Isolation Forest, autoencoder), amma duk suna da tushe iri ɗaya: da farko ayyana "al'ada", sannan auna karkacewa.
Ƙararrawar Ƙarya da Ma'auni na Kuskure
Wannan shine shawarar injiniya a zuciyar kiyaye tsinkaya. Akwai nau'ikan kurakurai guda biyu kuma farashin su asymmetric ne:
Nau'in kuskure
Ma'ana
farashi
Ƙararrawa ta ƙarya (ƙarar tabbatacce)
Ƙararrawa lokacin da babu laifi
Matsayin da ba dole ba, asarar amincewa
Laifin da aka rasa (ƙarya mara kyau)
Babu ƙararrawa lokacin da akwai laifi
Rashin aiki mara tsammani, lalacewa, haɗari
Idan ka rage bakin kofa (mafi hankali) kuskuren da aka rasa yana raguwa amma ƙararrawar ƙarya tana ƙaruwa; masu aiki sun daina dogaro da ƙararrawa ("gajiyar ƙararrawa"). Idan ka ƙara ƙofa, ƙararrawar ƙarya tana raguwa, amma haɗarin rasa kuskure na gaske yana ƙaruwa. Daidaitaccen ma'auni ya dogara da sakamakon gazawar: gazawar da aka rasa a cikin wani abu mai mahimmanci na aminci (misali birki na crane) ba za a yarda da shi ba, a nan za ku ci gaba da hankali sosai kuma kuna ɗaukar ƙararrawa na ƙarya.
Tsanaki: Ƙofar ko ƙirar ƙira da AI ta ba da shawara (misali "daidaitattun 95%) na iya zama yaudara saboda rashin daidaituwar aji. Rashin aiki ba kasafai ba ne; Ko da samfurin da koyaushe yana cewa "babu gazawa" yana nuna daidaitattun daidaito amma ba shi da amfani. Yi ƙima samfurin ta ƙimar ƙararrawa ta ƙarya da ƙimar gazawar da aka rasa maimakon daidaito; Haɗin aikin ku yana ƙayyade wannan ma'auni.
Daga Shawara zuwa Kulawa: Amincewar Dan Adam
Gano abin da bai dace ba ba umarnin “na'urar tsayawa” kai tsaye ba ne; Alamar goyan bayan yanke shawara ce. Yawan kwarara: an gano anomaly → tsanani da yanayin da aka tantance → ƙungiyar kulawa ta tabbatar (duba ta jiki, ƙarin ma'auni) → shiga tsakani da aka tsara. AI na iya ba da shawarar yanayin da kuma yiwuwar dalili, amma yanke shawara da lokaci na "wannan yanayin yana buƙatar maye gurbin" ya kasance tare da ɗan adam; saboda mutane suna ganin tsarin samarwa, kayan gyara da mahallin aminci.
Rauni Mai Sauƙi / Ƙarfi Mai ƙarfi
RAUNI: "Shin wannan bayanan jijjiga yana da lahani?" (Babu tushe, babu fs, babu mahallin. Ba a tabbatar da eh / a'a ba.) KARFI: "Ina da bayanan haɓakawa na 1 na biyu na haɓakawa da aka ɗauka a 12 kHz. Ƙididdige RMS, crest factor, kurtosis da rinjaye mita. Ina da 30-day lafiya aiki tushe (RMS avg = 0.8, 1 std-core tushe daga Calculate da ma'auni). bisa ga ƙofa 3-sigma Ɗaga ƙararrawa, amma bayyana cewa wannan siginar goyan bayan yanke shawara ce ba takamaiman yanke shawara ba.
Mini Case
Injiniyan kulawa Emre yana girka sa ido na tushen girgiza don injin fan. Yana buga fasalin cirewa da lambar anomaly z-score zuwa AI; Tsarin yana ba da ƙararrawa a cikin 'yan kwanaki. Amma lokacin da Emre ya duba ta, injin ɗin ya zama ba cikakke ba - ƙararrawa ta ƙarya. Lokacin da ya bincika shi, ya gane cewa ya kafa tushe tare da bayanan sa'o'i 2 kawai, yayin da girgizar fan ɗin takan canza kamar yadda kaya ke canzawa. Yana tsawaita tushe zuwa mako 1 don rufe yanayin kaya daban-daban kuma an dakatar da ƙararrawar ƙarya. Sa'an nan kuma yana ganin jinkirin haɓakar haɓakawa a cikin ma'auni; Wannan yana nuna gazawar da wuri kafin RMS ya ketare bakin kofa. Duban jiki yana tabbatar da lalacewa da wuri. Emre yana canza ƙarfin aiki a cikin tsarin kulawa, kuma babu wani tsaiwar da ba zato ba tsammani. AI da sauri lissafin sifa da anomaly; Amma ingancin asali da fassarar yanayin-kawar da ƙararrawar ƙarya da kama ainihin gazawar da wuri-ya zama aikin injiniyan.
Kuskuren gama gari
- Saita ƙofa ba tare da tattara isasshiyar tushe/wakili daga na'ura mai lafiya ba.
- Fassarar FFT/mafi rinjaye ba tare da tantance mitar samfur ba.
- Ƙimar samfurin tare da "daidai" da samun sakamako masu ɓarna a yanayin rashin aiki mai wuyar gaske.
- Zaɓin bakin kofa ba bisa ka'ida ba, ba tare da haɗarin tsari ba.
- Kuskuren siginar rashin daidaituwa azaman umarnin tsayawa kai tsaye da ketare tabbatarwar mutum.
- Duban ma'auni guda ɗaya da yin watsi da yanayin (hannun tashi).
A takaice
- Kulawa da tsinkaya yana auna ainihin yanayin injin kuma yana hasashen gazawar.
- Siffofin kamar RMS, crest, kurtosis, mitoci masu rinjaye ana fitar da su daga rawar jiki/zazzabi.
- An samo bakin kofa da gano ɓarna daga ƙididdiga na asali na na'ura mai lafiya.
- Ana daidaita ma'auni na ƙararrawa na ƙarya da kuskuren da aka rasa bisa ga haɗarin tsari.
- A cikin kuskuren da ba kasafai ba, “daidaitacce” yaudara ce; Ana amfani da ƙimar ƙararrawa / rashin kuskure.
- Anomaly shine siginar goyan bayan yanke shawara; Shawarar da lokacin kulawa ya kasance tare da mutum.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Nemo ko kwaikwayi jerin lokacin girgizawa ko zafin jiki (madaidaicin tushe + sashe mai lalacewa a hankali). Buga fasalin cirewa (RMS, crest, kurtosis) da lambar gano abin anomaly z-score daga tushe zuwa AI. Sannan: (1) saita tushe kawai daga sashin lafiya kuma a ba da mitar samfur, (2) gwada ƙofa don 2-sigma da 4-sigma kuma kwatanta yadda adadin ƙararrawar ƙarya da kuskuren da aka rasa ke canzawa, (3) tsara yanayin sifa maimakon ma'auni ɗaya kuma duba idan yana ba da gargaɗin farko. Bayyana abin da kofa ya dace da haɗari a cikin yanayin ku kuma ku ba da hujjar dalilin da yasa kuka zaɓi shi.