Riba:
- Ikon raba yanayin aiki da kai cikin shigarwar / lissafin fitarwa da matakan dabaru da neman tsani / ST daftarin daga AI
- Ikon saka idanu kan dabarun PLC da aka samar da AI dangane da makullin tsaro, dakatarwar gaggawa da yanayin tsere
- Ikon tabbatar da daidaitawa, ƙarar da siginar kuskure lokacin fassara firikwensin da bayanan telemetry na IoT tare da AI.
Aikin sarrafa masana'antu yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan wuraren taɓa filin lantarki da injiniyan lantarki: PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) yana karanta sigina daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin da tuƙi da injina, bawuloli da ƙararrawa bisa ga wata dabara. Kuskure mai ma'ana a nan ba kawai "fitarwa mara kyau" ba ne; Na'ura mai matsewa, bawul ɗin da ke buɗewa, ko tasha ta gaggawa wadda ba ta shiga ba na iya haifar da ainihin raunuka. AI yana da sauri wajen bayyana dabaru na atomatik, mai ba da shawarar tsani / lambar ST, da fassarar firikwensin / bayanan telemetry na IoT; Amma kulle-kullen tsaro da ƙira mara inganci sune alhakin injiniyan. A cikin wannan rukunin, za mu rufe yadda ake ayyana yanayin aiki da kai zuwa AI, yadda ake sarrafa dabarun PLC da aka samar, da yadda ake fassara bayanan firikwensin lafiya.
Haɓaka Yanayin Automation: Jerin I/O da Matakan Hankali
Fada AI don "shirya mai jigilar kaya" bai isa ba. Na farko, raba tsari zuwa shigarwa ( firikwensin, maɓalli), fitarwa (motar, bawul, fitila) da matakan dabaru. Wannan bambance-bambancen duka yana fayyace faɗakarwa kuma yana mai da hankali kan sarrafa hankali.
Misali I/O list (saukan tashar ciko): Abubuwan shigarwa: I0.0 Maballin Fara, I0.1 Maɓallin Tsayawa, I0.2 E-stop (NC), I0.3 Fitilar gano kwalban, I0.4 Sensor na zama na fitarwa: Q0.0 Motar mai ɗaukar kaya, Q0.1 Ciko bawul, Q0.2 Kuskuren tsarin aiki: - Wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita. yana shirye.2) Mai jigilar kaya tare da dawowar farawa; Dakatar da mai ɗaukar kaya lokacin da aka kunna firikwensin kwalban.3) Buɗe bawul ɗin cikawa; Rufe bawul lokacin da firikwensin zama ya cika.4) Sake kunna na'urar; Tsarin yana maimaitawa.5) E-Stop ko Stop yana ɗaukar duk fita zuwa gefen aminci a kowane lokaci.
Rauni Mai Sauƙi / Ƙarfi Mai ƙarfi
RAUNI:"Rubuta lambar PLC don mai jigilar kaya." abubuwan da aka fitar a gefen aminci.- Mai ɗaukar hoto da bawul "Kada ku haifar da yanayi mai haɗari a lokaci guda (kulle). - Yi sharhi kowane mataki. Bayyana cewa wannan daftarin aiki ne; sarkar tsaro, kasa-lafiya da gwajin filin na injiniya ne."
Sarrafa Dabarun PLC: Aminci, Rashin Amincewa, Yanayin tsere
Bai isa ba don basirar da aka samar don "da alama yana aiki". Bi wannan jerin abubuwan dubawa:
sarrafawa
Abin da za a nema
tasha gaggawa
NC lamba, kasa-lafiya, mafi girman fifiko, sauya duk abubuwan da aka fitar zuwa gefen amintaccen
Interlocks
Abubuwan da aka samu masu karo da juna bai kamata su kasance suna aiki a lokaci guda ba
yanayin tsere
Ayyuka masu rikice-rikice a cikin zagaye ɗaya, yanayin da ba a bayyana ba
yanayin farko
Farawa a cikin aminci, sanannen yanayi lokacin da aka sami kuzari
Mai ƙidayar lokaci/counter
Daidaitaccen tunani, ambaliya, yanayin sake saiti
rashin aiki na firikwensin
Halayyar aminci idan akwai hutu na firikwensin / gajeriyar kewayawa
Tasha gaggawa (E-stop) shine mafi mahimmancin batu. Dole ne aikin aminci ya gaza-lafiya: wato, idan kebul ya karye, lambar sadarwa ta kasa, dole ne tsarin ya faɗi a gefen aminci, ba haɗari ba. Sabili da haka, an kafa E-stop tare da lambar rufewa ta al'ada (NC); Idan kebul ɗin ya karye, kewayawa yana buɗewa kuma tsarin yana tsayawa. Bugu da ƙari, dabarun software kadai bai isa ba; Dole ne injiniyan ya tsara shi da kuma tabbatar da sarkar aminci na hardware (safety relay/contactor)
Gargaɗi: Idan ka ga a cikin lambar tsani/ST da aka samar da AI cewa an saita E-stop tare da buɗewa (NO) koyaushe ko tuta ta software kawai, wannan rauni ne. Ba a taɓa barin ayyukan tsaro ga software kaɗai ba; Sarkar kayan masarufi marar aminci da bin ƙa'idodin aminci na inji alhakin injiniyoyi ne kuma an tabbatar da su ta hanyar gwajin filin.
Yanayin tsere da Injinan Jiha
PLC dabaru aiki cyclyally; Ana sarrafa duk dabaru daga farko zuwa ƙarshe a kowace zagayowar. AI wani lokaci yana rubuta layukan da suka saba da juna waɗanda ke saita fitowar guda ɗaya a wuri ɗaya kuma ta sake saita shi a wani; wannan yana haifar da fitarwa zuwa flicker ba tare da annabta ba (yanayin tsere). Ƙirƙirar matakai masu rikitarwa a matsayin na'ura mai mahimmanci na jihar yana rage wannan haɗari: tsarin yana cikin yanayi guda ɗaya, ƙayyadaddun yanayi a kowane lokaci, tare da sauye-sauye da suka dogara da bayyanannun yanayi.
Fassarar Sensor da Bayanan IoT: Daidaitawa, Naúrar, Siginar Laifi
Yayin da firikwensin da bayanan telemetry na IoT (zazzabi, matsa lamba, girgiza, halin yanzu) yana da mahimmanci don bincike, yana iya zama mai ruɗi a cikin ɗanyen sigar sa. Kamar yadda AI ke taƙaita wannan bayanan, dole ne ku tabbatar da abubuwa uku:
- Calibration da sikelin. Shin firikwensin firikwensin shine ɗanyen ƙimar ADC ko ainihin naúrar jiki? AI 4-20 mA na iya yin ma'aunin firikwensin kuskure daidai kuma ya rikitar da ƙimar jiki.
- Naúrar °C ko °F, mashaya ko kPa, RMS ko kololuwa? Rudani na raka'a yana lalata duka fassarar.
- Alamun kuskure. Ƙimar makale, faɗuwar kwatsam zuwa sifili, ba ta da karatu; Waɗannan ba ma'aunai na ainihi ba ne amma ƙila su zama rashin aiki na firikwensin/layi. Idan AI ta fassara waɗannan a matsayin "bayanai masu ban sha'awa" za ku yi kuskure.
# 4-20 mA firikwensin -> ƙimar darajar jiki (0-100 °C kewayon) def ma_to_temp (ma): idan ma <3.5: # A ƙasa 4 mA -> layin da ya karye / dawo da kuskure Babu # alama azaman dawowa mara inganci (ma - 4.0) / (20.0 - 4.0) / (20.0 - 4.0) * 100.0, 100.0, karatu 2.0]: t = ma_to_temp(karanta) bugawa (karanta, "mA ->", "LAIFI" idan t ba kowa bane f"{t:.1f} C")
Tukwici: Lokacin fassara bayanan IoT, da farko tambaya "shin wannan ƙimar zai yiwu a zahiri?" Yi tambaya. Idan firikwensin zafin daki ya karanta 300 °C, wannan ba gaskiya bane, tabbas kuskuren daidaitawa/layi ne. Cire alamun kuskure kafin fassarar AI.
Mini Case
Injiniyan kulawa yana da AI fassara bayanan girgizar IoT na famfo. AI ta ce "jijjiga ya karu da 200% a cikin makon da ya gabata, hadarin gazawar nan da nan" kuma yana nuna ƙararrawa. Injiniyan yana kallon ɗanyen bayanan: ƙimar tana "manne" a ƙayyadaddun babban lamba bayan wani ɗan lokaci, ba ta canzawa. Wannan ba ƙararrawar jijjiga ba ne, amma daskarewar firikwensin/raƙuwa. A cikin ɓarna na injiniya na gaskiya, ƙimar tana canzawa. Injiniyan yana duba firikwensin; Haɗin kebul a kwance. AI ta fassara ƙayyadaddun ƙimar a matsayin "bulish". Darasi: kawar da sa hannu na kuskure (manne, daga kewayon, sputtering) kafin fassara bayanan firikwensin; AI baya tambayar danyen bayanai.
Kuskuren gama gari
- Saita E-Stop ba tare da lambar sadarwa ba ko tutar software kawai (ba rashin lafiya ba).
- Barin aikin tsaro ga software kawai, ba tare da sarkar hardware ba.
- Ƙirƙirar yanayin tsere tare da saɓanin saiti/sake saitin layi.
- Rashin bayyana yanayin farkon lafiya lokacin da aka sami kuzari.
- Fassarar bayanan firikwensin daga daidaitawa da tabbatarwa naúrar.
- Siginonin kuskuren kuskure (manne, baya da iyaka) don ma'auni na gaske.
A takaice
- Karka yanayin yanayin aiki da kai cikin jerin I/O kuma share matakan dabaru kuma tambayi AI ta wannan hanyar.
- E-Stop da aminci ayyuka dole ne su kasance kasa-lafiya (NC), fifiko mafi girma da sarƙoƙin hardware; tabbatar da gwajin filin.
- Ayyuka masu rikice-rikice suna haifar da yanayin tsere; Saita hadaddun matakai tare da injin jiha.
- Ba a taɓa barin tsaro ga software kaɗai ba; Amincewar injiniya ya zama tilas.
- Daidaitawa, naúrar da siginar kuskure a cikin bayanan firikwensin/IoT an fara tabbatar da su.
- Ƙimar da ba za ta iya yiwuwa ta zahiri ba da kuma makale karatu alamun rashin aiki ne, ba ainihin bayanai ba.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Rubuta jerin matakan I/O da dabaru don yanayin aiki mai sauƙi (cika, sarrafa kofa, daidaita matakin); Tambayi AI don daftarin ST/tsani. Sannan duba ma'anar da aka samar: (1) Shin E-stop kasa-lafiya da fifiko, (2) akwai makulli don abubuwan da ke cin karo da juna, (3) an fayyace farawa lafiya? Na dabam, tambayi AI don sharhi kan jerin karatun firikwensin (yawancin al'ada, ɗaya makale, ɗaya daga ƙimar kewayon) kuma duba cewa yana kawar da ƙimar kuskure daidai. Gyara kowane kurakurai kuma rubuta su.