Riba:
- Ikon canza shimfidar PCB, faɗin ganowa da ka'idodin EMC zuwa jerin abubuwan dubawa tare da AI
- Ikon samar da takaddun kayan masarufi kamar ƙira, BOM da tsarin gwaji tare da saita lokaci
- Ikon tabbatar da faɗin alamar AI da shawarwarin tazara tare da ƙa'idodin IPC da buƙatun halin yanzu / ƙarfin lantarki
Ko da tsarin tsarin kewayawa daidai ne, ba zai yi aiki ba lokacin da aka sanya shi ba daidai ba akan allon da'ira (PCB): alamun suna yin zafi, sigina suna tsoma baki, hukumar ta gaza gwajin EMC, kuma tana da lahani wajen samarwa. Zane na PCB wani horo ne inda wutar lantarki, lissafin lissafi da dokokin masana'antu ke haɗuwa. AI baya tsara tsarin kai tsaye a nan, amma mataimaki ne mai ƙima: yana ƙididdige faɗin waƙa, bincika EMC da ka'idodin shimfidawa, shirya BOM (lissafin kayan aiki) kuma ya rubuta daftarin tsarin gwaji. A cikin wannan rukunin za mu rufe yadda ake amfani da AI don PCB jerin abubuwan dubawa da takaddun kayan aiki, yadda ake tabbatar da shawarwarin faɗin alamar.
Nemo Nisa, Tazara da Daukewar Yanzu
Alamar jan karfe akan PCB yana zafi gwargwadon halin yanzu da yake ɗauka. Faɗin alama, kaurin jan ƙarfe da haɓakar zafin zafin da aka yarda ya ƙayyade halin yanzu da za a iya ɗauka. Wannan lissafin ya dogara ne akan dokoki kamar IPC-2221. Lokacin da AI ke ba da shawarar faɗuwar alama, yakamata ku tabbatar da kansa tare da halin yanzu, kauri na jan karfe (yawanci 1 oz = 35 µm), da haɓakar zafin zafin da aka yi niyya.
Misalin abin da ake bukata: 5 A, Layer na waje, 1 oz jan karfe, ΔT = 10 ° CIPC-2221 empirical m wajen: I = k · ΔT ^ 0.44 · A ^ 0.725 (A: yanki-giciye mil²; k Layer na waje ≈ 0.048) Daga wannan tsari na 5.5 mm. (1 oz, 10 ° C karuwa). Idan AI ya ce "0.5mm ya isa" wannan ba daidai ba ne kuma alamar za ta yi zafi sosai.
Tsanaki: AI sau da yawa yana nuna faɗin alamar yana da kunkuntar; saboda yana iya rikitar da alamun sigina da alamun wuta. Yi ƙididdiga masu zaman kansu na yau da kullun, kauri na jan ƙarfe da hawan zafin jiki akan wuta ko alamar wadata. Ƙaƙƙarfan alamar wutar lantarki za ta sa allon ya yi zafi sosai kuma a kan lokaci ya kai ga buɗaɗɗen kewayawa ( gano ƙonewa).
Hakazalika, ya kamata a kiyaye tazara mai raɗaɗi (tazarar saman) da nisa (rabin iska) tsakanin manyan alamun wutar lantarki gwargwadon ƙarfin lantarki. AI na iya ba da shawarar waɗannan sharewar amma dole ne a tabbatar da ƙimar daga ma'auni dangane da ƙarfin aiki da ƙimar gurɓatawa.
Dubawa EMC da Manufofin Wuri
Daidaitawar lantarki (EMC) yana nufin cewa kati duka baya fitar da hayaniya kuma yana iya jure hayaniyar waje. AI ya zo da amfani wajen juya sanannun EMC da ka'idodin shimfidawa cikin jerin abubuwan da aka tsara. Amma wannan jerin abubuwan farawa ne; Wajibi ne a kimanta kowane abu bisa ga katin ku.
yanki
ka'ida
rarraba wutar lantarki
Bypass capacitor (100 nF) kusa da kowane IC
ƙasa
Jirgin ƙasa mai ƙarfi, taka tsantsan a cikin ƙasa mai tsaga
babban gudun
Gajeren alama, rashin ƙarfi mai sarrafawa, amincin hanyar dawowa
Oscillator / agogo
Ƙarshen kewayen kristal gajere, kariya, nesa da hayaniya
mai haɗawa
Kariyar ESD, tacewa a wurin shigarwa
zafi
Filin jan ƙarfe da thermal ta hanyar abubuwan haɗin wutar lantarki
Rauni Mai Sauƙi / Ƙarfi Mai ƙarfi
RAUNIYA:"Ba da shawarwarin EMC don PCB na." Agogo/crystal, rabuwar analog-dijital, USB/ESD, relay (loading load) don kowane abu, bayyana a cikin jumla ɗaya ME YA SA yana da mahimmanci Lura cewa waɗannan jerin farawa ne.
Takardun Hardware: Bayanan Tsari, BOM, Tsarin Gwaji
AI da sauri yana samar da daftarin kayan aikin; Kuna sarrafa daidaito da cikar fasaha.
BOM (Bill of Materials). AI tana tsara jerin abubuwan ta hanyar tunani (R1, C3...), ƙima, fakiti, lambar ɓangaren mai kaya da ginshiƙai masu yawa. Amma dole ne ku tabbatar da cewa kowace sashin lamba na gaske ne kuma akwai; AI na iya ƙirƙirar lambobi.
Ref | Daraja | Kunshin | Bayani | Yawa----------------+-----+----------+--R1-4 | 10k | 0603 | ja da baya | 4C1-6 | 100n | 0603 | wuce | 6c7 | 10 ku | 0805 | buffer a ƙofar | 1U1 | STM32... | LQFP48 | MCU | 1D1 | ... | SOD-123 | ESD/kariyar baya | 1
Tukwici: Tabbatar da kowane lambar ɓangaren mai siyarwa a cikin BOM wanda AI ke samarwa a rukunin masana'anta ko masu rarrabawa. Ƙwararren yanki, lambar ɓangaren da ba ta wanzu yana haifar da jinkiri da farashi a samarwa. Alama BOM a matsayin "daftarin aiki har sai an tabbatar da tushe".
Hanyar gwaji. AI yana rushe ƙaddamarwar hukumar da matakan gwaji na aiki a cikin tsari na jeri: dubawa na gani, duba gajere (kafin wutar lantarki), auna ƙarfin wadatar, duban amfani na yanzu, sannan gwaje-gwajen aiki. Wannan oda yana da mahimmanci; Dubawa kafin kunna wuta yana kare allo.
Mini Case
Injiniyan kayan masarufi yana tambayar AI don shawarwarin shimfidar wuri da faɗuwar ganowa don hukumar tuƙi. AI yana ba da shawarar alamar samar da 0.6 mm mai ɗauke da 8 A; Hakanan yana tsallake haɗa sigina da ƙasa mai ƙarfi a wuri guda. Injiniyan yana yin lissafin IPC: 8 A yana buƙatar alama mai faɗi da yawa ('yan mm) a cikin 1 oz na jan karfe. Hakanan ya san cewa dole ne a haɗa wutar lantarki da ƙasa analog. Yana yin gyare-gyaren biyu. A cikin samfurin farko, katin yana aiki lafiya. Darasi: Shawarar shimfidar wuri na AI kyakkyawan jeri ne na farko, amma yanke shawara mai mahimmanci kamar ɗaukar hoto na yanzu da amincin ƙasa ana tabbatar da su ta hanyar lissafi mai zaman kansa da ilimin injiniya.
Kuskuren gama gari
- Barin faɗin alamar wutar lantarki a kunkuntar ƙimar da AI ta bayar ba tare da ƙididdige halin yanzu/zazzabi ba.
- Rashin tabbatar da babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki (creepage/clearance) daga ma'auni.
- Aika zuwa samarwa ba tare da tabbatar da lambobin ɓangaren masu kaya a cikin BOM ba.
- Sakaci da capacitors kewaye da jirgin sama.
- Mantawa da abubuwan da ke hanawa don ɗaukar nauyi (relay, motor).
- Ketare gajeriyar rajistan da'ira kafin kunna wuta a cikin aikin gwaji.
a takaice
- Waƙa da nisa; tabbatarwa ta hanyar ƙa'idar IPC-kamar dangane da halin yanzu, kaurin jan ƙarfe da hawan zafin jiki.
- AI yana ƙoƙarin ba da shawarar sa hannun kunkuntar ikon; lissafta kowane alamar wuta da kansa.
- Ana tabbatar da gibin wutar lantarki mai girma daga ma'auni bisa ga ƙarfin lantarki da matakin gurɓatawa.
- AI yana da ƙarfi wajen fassara EMC da ƙa'idodin shimfidawa cikin ƙayyadaddun jerin abubuwan tantancewa.
- Kowane lambar sashi a cikin BOM dole ne a tabbatar da shi azaman gaske kuma mai yiwuwa.
- Pre-power checks a cikin gwajin gwajin kare hukumar; Bi oda
Aikin aikace-aikace
Don ƙirar allon ku mai sauƙi (ko ƙirar MCU + mai daidaitawa + allon firikwensin) tambayi AI don fitowar abubuwa biyu: (1) shawarwarin nisa don alamun wutar lantarki, (2) takamaiman EMC/jerin dubawa na allo. Sa'an nan kuma tabbatar da nisa daga mafi girman alamar yanzu tare da tsarin IPC kuma kwatanta da shawarar AI. Hakanan tabbatar da aƙalla lambobi sassa uku a cikin BOM a wurin rarrabawa. Kula da duk wani gyare-gyare da gyare-gyare da kuka samu.