Riba:
- Ability don bayyana ma'aunin zaɓin kayan (ƙarfi, yawa, farashi, lalata) da tsarin bidi'a na Ashby
- Ikon samar da lissafin ɗan takara na kayan, matrix kwatanta da daftarin hujja tare da AI
- Ability don tabbatar da AI shawarar kaddarorin abu daga amintattun takaddun bayanai da ƙa'idodi
Zaɓin kayan yana ƙayyade ko ɓangaren injin zai yi aiki, tsawon lokacin da zai yi aiki, nawa ne kudinsa, da yadda za a kera shi. Geometry iri ɗaya ya zama wani ɓangaren gaba ɗaya idan an yi shi daga karfe, aluminum ko haɗaɗɗen. Zaɓin kayan aiki; Yana da wani al'amari na kafa ma'auni tsakanin ƙarfi (danniya cewa abu zai iya jurewa ba tare da wahala m lalacewa), yawa (naúrar girma taro), taurin, lalata juriya, tsada da kuma masana'anta. A cikin wannan ma'auni, hankali na wucin gadi shine taimako mai ƙarfi wajen samar da ƴan takara, ƙirƙirar teburi na kwatanta da kuma tsara hujja. Koyaya, ƙimar kadarorin kayan da AI ta dawo dashi na iya zama kusan, tsoho ko ƙirƙira; Don haka, bai kamata a haɗa kowane ƙimar lamba a cikin ƙira ba tare da an tantance shi daga takaddar bayanan masana'anta ko daidaitattun kayan. A cikin wannan rukunin, zaku koyi dabaru na zaɓin abu, tsarin Ashby, da yadda ake shigar da AI cikin aminci cikin wannan tsari.
Sharuɗɗan Zaɓin Abu
Babu "mafi kyau" guda ɗaya lokacin zabar abu; fifiko ya bambanta dangane da aikace-aikacen. Ma'auni na asali sune: kayan aikin injiniya (ƙarfin amfanin ƙasa, ƙarfin ƙarfi, modulus na elasticity, ductility, ƙarfin gajiya), kaddarorin jiki (yawanci, haɓakar thermal, thermal conductivity), juriya na muhalli (lalata, zafin jiki, UV), masana'anta (machinability, weldability, castability) da tattalin arziki (farashin naúrar, samuwa, sake yin amfani da su). Zaɓin zaɓi mai kyau yana ɗaukar waɗannan ma'auni bisa ga buƙatar aikace-aikacen.
Tukwici: Zaɓi abu a cikin tsari "aikin farko, sannan abu". Da farko bayyana abin da sashin ya kamata ya yi (haske, mai wuya, tsayayya da zafi); Yanke shawara akan alamar kayan a ƙarshe. Tambayi AI na farko "wane kayan iyali don wannan aikin", kar a nemi alamar kai tsaye.
Hanyar Ashby: Fihirisar Ayyuka
Hanyar da Michael Ashby na Cambridge ya ƙera yana tsara zaɓin kayan aiki tare da "ƙididdigar ayyuka" dangane da rabon kaddarorin biyu. Zane-zane na Ashby sun kwatanta dubunnan kayayyaki a kallo ta hanyar sanya kaddarori biyu (misali ƙarfi-yawa, modulus-na-elasticity-yawa) akan gatari na logarithmic kuma suna hango mafi kyawun saitin ƴan takara don wata manufa.
Misali na al'ada: don sandar ƙaramin taro wanda baya karyewa a wani nauyi da aka bayar, ma'aunin aikin shine σ/ρ (raɗin ƙarfi zuwa yawa). Kayan aiki tare da mafi girman rabo suna ba da mafita masu sauƙi. Don katako mai ƙaramin taro da ƙayyadaddun tauri, ma'aunin shine E ^ (1/2)/ρ. A wasu kalmomi, "kayan da ke da mafi girman ƙididdiga bisa ga aikin haƙiƙa" an zaɓa, ba "mafi girman kayan ƙarfi ba".
Manufar
Fihirisar ayyuka
ana so ya zama babba
Haske da sanda mai dorewa
σ_flow / ρ
Babban ƙarfi, ƙananan yawa
Haske da tsayayyen katako
E^(1/2) / ρ
High modules, ƙananan yawa
Haske da m faranti
E^(1/3) / ρ
High modules, ƙananan yawa
Mai arha kuma mai dorewa
σ_flow / (ρ farashi)
Babban ƙarfi, ƙarancin farashi
Tsanaki: Fihirisar Ashby tana rage madaidaicin dangi na kayan abu amma baya yanke shawara ta ƙarshe. Ba a haɗa lalata, ƙirƙira, samarwa da ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin ma'auni; Injiniyan yana tantance waɗannan daban.
Mataki-mataki: Zaɓin kayan aiki tare da AI
- Ƙayyade aikin da ƙuntatawa. Nau'in lodi, zafin jiki, muhalli, taro/farashi manufa.
- Ƙayyade aikin haƙiƙa. Shin haske, tsauri ko tsadar fifikonku?
- Shin AI ta samar da dangin 'yan takara. Ba alamar ba, amma ƙungiyar kayan farko.
- Nemi matrix kwatanta. Yi ginshiƙan ma'auni da layukan ƴan takara.
- Tabbatar da kowace ƙima. Ketare rajistan shiga tare da takaddun bayanai/misali.
- Tabbatar da hukuncin. Me yasa wannan kayan, tare da wace haɗari?
Ƙaddamar da ke haifar da kayan takara
Matsayi: Injiniyan injiniya tare da gwaninta a cikin zaɓin kayan aiki.Aikace-aikacen: Ƙaƙwalwar ɗaukar nauyi na tsaye na 30 kg, aiki a cikin yanayi na waje.Fifi: 1) juriya na lalata, 2) ƙananan taro, 3) ƙananan farashi. Task: Ba da shawarar 4-6 dan takarar MATERIAL IYALI (iyali, ba alama). Ga kowane ɗan takara: matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfi, yawa, halayen lalata, ƙirƙira, ƙimar dangi na yau da kullun. Dokar: Idan ka ba da ainihin lamba, bayyana cewa "dole ne a tabbatar da shi" kuma ka rubuta daga wane tushe (misali / bayanai) Ina buƙatar tabbatarwa.
Neman kwatancen matrix
Tebura 'yan takara masu zuwa a matsayin matrix kwatanta: 6061-T6 aluminum, AISI 304 bakin karfe, S355 tsarin karfe, gilashin fiber ƙarfafa polyamide. ginshiƙai: ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa, yawa, lalata, injina, farashin dangi, amfani na yau da kullun. Bayyana cewa ƙimar sun kasance kusan. A ƙarshe: rubuta da wane ma'auni/bayanin bayanai yakamata in tabbatar da ƙimar ƙarfi a kowane layi.
Tabbatarwa (tabbacin-gaskiya) faɗakarwa
Tambayar wannan da'awar tare da ƙwararrun injiniyan kayan aiki, kar ku yarda da ni: "Ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa na AISI 304 bakin karfe shine 290 MPa." - A cikin wane yanayi (annealed, sanyi yayi aiki) wannan darajar ta dace? - A cikin wane ma'auni ne aka bayyana (misali EN / ASTM mai dacewa)? - Ta yaya darajar ta canza? Faɗa mani inda zan nemi tabbaci.
Rauni Mai Sauƙi / Ƙarfi Mai ƙarfi
Rawanin faɗakarwa:
Menene mafi kyawun abu?
Babu aikace-aikace, fifiko da hani; AI yana ba da amsa gabaɗaya kuma ba za a iya tantancewa ba, kuma tana aiki kamar babu wani “mafi kyau” guda ɗaya.
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:
Ba da shawara ga iyalai 4 na ɗan takara don matsi mai ɗaukar nauyin cyclic na 500 N, wanda aka fallasa ga ruwan teku, mai zafi zuwa 80°C. fifiko: lalata > gajiya > farashi. Ga kowane ɗan takara, rubuta ƙari/rasa da wace fasalin da nake buƙatar tabbatarwa da kuma inda. Alama ainihin lambobi a matsayin "dole ne a tabbatar da su".
Sautin na biyu yana ba da yanayi, zafin jiki, nau'in kaya da fifiko; A bayyane yake barin nauyin tabbatarwa ga injiniyoyi.
Karamin Kararraki Uku (Ta Lambobi)
Case 1 - Taswirar ƙagaggen bayanai. "Ƙarfin Haɓaka na 7075-T6 aluminum," wani injiniya ya tambayi AI; AI yana ba da 505 MPa. Injiniyan yana kallon takaddun bayanan masana'anta: ƙimar da aka saba da ita hakika tana kusa da ~ 503 MPa, wanda yayi kyau. Duk da haka, AI guda ɗaya ya ce "juriya na 7075-T6 ga ruwan teku yana da kyau"; alhãli kuwa 7075 ne mai yiwuwa ga danniya lalata fatattaka. Injiniyan ya kama wannan mummunar fassarar kuma ya lura da buƙatar anodizing/plating. Darasi: Ko da AI ta ba da lambar daidai, fassararsa na iya zama kuskure.
Case 2 - Ajiye kilogiram 3 tare da Ashby. Don hannun drone, S235 karfe (ρ = 7850 kg/m³, σ ≈ 235 MPa) ana la'akari da farko. Idan aka kwatanta da alamar Ashby σ/ρ, 6061-T6 aluminum (ρ = 2700 kg/m³, σ ≈ 276 MPa) yana ba da fihirisa mafi girma. Bayar da ƙarfin guda ɗaya, hannun aluminum yana auna ~ 0.16 kg a kowane yanki maimakon ~ 0.45 kg idan aka kwatanta da hannun karfe; jimlar tanadi na ~ 1.2 kg a fadin makamai hudu. An tabbatar da shawarar ta hanyar dabaru na Ashby, an tabbatar da ƙimar daga takaddar bayanan.
Case na 3 - Ma'anar ƙimar farashi. An zaɓi Bakin 316L saboda yana "tsana da komai". Amma aikace-aikacen yana cikin gida, ƙananan kaya. AI, tare da σ/(ρ·cost) index, ya nuna cewa galvanized S275 karfe yana yin wannan aiki a kusan sau 4-5 mai rahusa fiye da 316L. Injiniyan ya sami haɗarin lalata karɓuwa ga ciki kuma ya canza zuwa karfe galvanized; Farashin naúrar ya faɗi daga 100 TL zuwa ~ 22 TL. Madaidaicin madaidaicin yana hana farashin da ba dole ba.
Kuskuren gama gari
- Yin amfani da AI ba tare da tabbatar da ƙimarsa ba: Yin watsi da yanayin zafi / zafi da kuma samun ƙarfin da ba daidai ba.
- Tunanin "ƙarfi mafi girma = mafi kyau": Yin watsi da aikin haƙiƙa (haske, farashi).
- Rage lalata zuwa layi ɗaya: Tsallake hanyoyin kamar lalata damuwa da ma'auratan galvanic.
- Kallon dukiya guda ɗaya: Kallon ƙarfi da manta da ductility, gajiya ko aiki.
- Yin tsalle cikin zaɓin alama da wuri: Makullewa a kan takamaiman gami kafin aikin ya bayyana.
A takaice
- Zaɓin kayan abu shine ma'auni mai ma'ana tsakanin ƙarfi, yawa, lalata, ƙirƙira da farashi.
- Hanyar Ashby tana ƙunsar saitin 'yan takara tare da fihirisar aiki (misali σ/ρ) bisa ga aikin haƙiƙa.
- AI yana da ƙarfi a cikin tsarar ɗan takara, matrix kwatanta, da ƙayyadaddun hujja; amma dole ne a tabbatar da kimarsu.
- Bai kamata a haɗa kowane fasalin lamba a cikin ƙira ba tare da an tabbatar da shi daga takaddar bayanan masana'anta ko daidaitattun daidaitattun bayanai.
- Ko da lambar AI daidai ne, fassararsa (kamar halayen lalata) na iya zama kuskure; injiniyoyi cak.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Zaɓi ainihin ɓangaren (misali bututun firam ɗin bike, madaidaicin famfo, madaidaicin waje). Rubuta yanayin muhalli da nauyin aikace-aikacen, ƙayyade fifiko (haske / farashi / lalata). Shin AI ta samar da iyalai kayan ɗan takara 4 da matrix kwatanta. Sannan tabbatar da aƙalla ƙimar ƙarfi/yawan ƙima biyu a cikin matrix akan takaddar bayanan masana'anta ko ma'auni; Idan akwai sabani, lura da dalili. A ƙarshe, zaɓi fihirisar aikin da ta dace da aikin haƙiƙa (kamar σ/ρ), kwatanta ƴan takarar biyu, kuma tabbatar da shawararku da sakin layi.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] An rubuta nauyin, zafin jiki, yanayin muhalli da fifikon aikace-aikacen.
- [ ] An ƙaddara dangin kayan abu da farko, an bar alamar ta ƙarshe.
- [ ] An zaɓi fihirisar aikin da ta dace da aikin haƙiƙa.
- [] Aƙalla ƙima biyu da AI ta bayar an tabbatar da su tare da takaddun bayanai/misali.
- [ ] An kimanta lalata da haɓakawa daban (ba a rage shi zuwa layi ɗaya ba).
- [ ] An rubuta yanke shawara na ƙarshe tare da hujja kuma an bar shi zuwa amincewar injiniyan.