Riba:
- Ikon ƙididdige EOQ, haƙƙin aminci da sake tsara ra'ayoyi
- Ability don amfani da AI a matsayin taimako a cikin ABC / XYZ bincike da ƙira manufofin ƙira
- Ability don tabbatar da AI da aka ba da shawarar sigogin hannun jari tare da dabara da ainihin bayanan amfani
Inventory shine kuɗin daskararre na kasuwancin. Da yawa yana hana kuɗaɗen kuɗi, yana haifar da farashin sito da ɓarna; Kasa da hakan yana nufin asarar tallace-tallace, dakatarwar layi da abokan ciniki da suka ɓace. Ayyukan injiniyan masana'antu shine tabbatar da wannan ma'auni ba tare da "ji" ba amma tare da tsari da bayanai. Leken asiri na wucin gadi yana haɓaka lissafin kuɗi, rarrabuwa da ƙira a cikin wannan yanki; Koyaya, ƙirar hannun jari suna da matukar damuwa ga naúrar da kurakuran zato, don haka dole ne a tabbatar da fitowar AI ta sake ƙididdigewa. A cikin wannan naúrar, za mu rufe EOQ, aminci stock, reorder point da ABC/XYZ bincike a cikin hanyar AI-taimako.
Basic Concepts da Formulas
Gudanar da kaya yana da mahimman tambayoyi guda uku: Nawa zan yi oda?, Yaushe zan yi oda?, Nawa ya kamata in ajiye?
Yawan Odar Tattalin Arziki (EOQ): Yawan da ke daidaita farashin oda da farashin riko.
EOQ = tushen murabba'i ((2 × D × S) / H) D = buƙatun shekara-shekara (raka'a / shekara) S = farashin kowane tsari (TL / oda) H = farashin riƙewar shekara-shekara a kowace naúrar (TL / abu / shekara)
Sake oda Point (ROP): Lokacin da hannun jari ya faɗi zuwa wannan matakin, ana yin sabon tsari.
ROP = d × L + SSd = matsakaita yau da kullun (ko lokaci-lokaci) buƙatarL = lokacin jagora (a cikin raka'a ɗaya na lokaci) SS = samfurin aminci
Safety Stock (SS): Tsayawa akan rashin tabbas cikin buƙata da lokacin jagora.
SS = Z × σ_d × tushen murabba'in (L) Z = ƙimar ƙarfin gwiwa daidai da matakin sabis (misali ≈ 1.65 don 95%) σ_d = daidaitaccen karkatacciyar buƙata (kowane lokaci) L = lokacin jagora (yawan lokuta)
Tsanaki: Kuskuren da ya fi kowa a cikin waɗannan ƙididdiga shine rashin daidaituwar raka'a. Idan kun ba da buƙatun yau da kullun da lokacin samarwa kowane mako, sakamakon zai zama mara ma'ana. Mayar da duk shigarwar zuwa sashin lokaci guda kafin fara kowane asusu. AI sau da yawa ke tsallake wannan canji.
Lissafin Samfura: Mataki-mataki
Don wani sashi, bari D = 3,600 guda / shekara, S = 120 TL / oda, H = 8 TL / yanki / shekara.
EOQ = Tushen murabba'i ((2 × 3600 × 120) / 8) = tushen murabba'in (864000 / 8) = tushen murabba'in (108000) ≈ 328.6 → game da raka'a 329Yawan umarni a kowace shekara = 3600 / 329 ≈ oda 10.
Yanzu ROP: buƙatar yau da kullun d = 3,600 / 300 kwanakin aiki = raka'a 12 / rana, lokacin jagora L = kwanaki 10, buƙatar daidaitaccen karkata σ_d = raka'a 4 / rana, matakin sabis na manufa 95% (Z ≈ 1.65):
SS = 1.65 × 4 × Tushen murabba'i(10) = 1.65 × 4 × 3.162 ≈ 20.9 → 21 raka'aROP = 12 × 10 + 21 = raka'a 141
A wasu kalmomi, lokacin da hannun jari ya ragu zuwa raka'a 141, an sanya sabon tsari na raka'a 329. Lokacin da kuka fitar da irin wannan nau'in lissafin zuwa AI, nemi shi ya nuna kowane jere da aka buɗe kamar haka; Fitowar da ta ce "sakamako shine 141" ba za a iya tabbatar da shi ba.
Mayar da hankali tare da Binciken ABC da XYZ
Sarrafa kowane abu tare da kulawa iri ɗaya ɓarna ce. Binciken ABC yana rarraba abubuwa da ƙima (yawan amfani × na shekara-shekara): Abubuwan (yawanci ~ 20% na abubuwa, ~ 80% na ƙimar) ana sarrafa su sosai. Binciken XYZ yana rarrabuwa bisa ga canjin buƙatu: X na yau da kullun, Z buƙatu ne na yau da kullun.
aji
Ma'ana
Siyasa
A-X
Babban darajar, buƙatu na yau da kullun
Tsantsan bin diddigi, ƙarancin aminci, oda akai-akai
A-Z
Babban darajar, buƙatu marar kuskure
Kusa da saka idanu, sa ido a hankali, samar da sassauƙa
C-X
Ƙananan ƙima, buƙata na yau da kullum
Manufa mai sauƙi, oda ta atomatik
C-Z
Ƙananan ƙima, rashin daidaituwa
Ɗauki yadda ake buƙata, ƙananan fifiko
Matsayi: Kai injiniyan masana'antu ne wanda ya ƙware a sarrafa kaya.Aiki: Saka jerin abubuwa masu zuwa cikin matrix ABC (ƙimar amfanin shekara-shekara) kuma samarwa
Rauni Mai Sauƙi / Ƙarfi Mai ƙarfi
Rawanin faɗakarwa:
Menene ya kamata ya zama amintattun samfuran waɗannan samfuran?
Ba tare da matakin sabis ba, buƙatar canjin buƙata da lokacin jagora, kowace amsa zato ce.
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:
Yi ƙididdige haja mai aminci da ROP don abu mai zuwa. Matsayin sabis 98%(ƙayyade ƙimar Z), matsakaita buƙatun yau da kullun 30, buƙatar yau da kullun std sabawa9, lokacin jagorar kwanaki 7. Rubuta dabarar, nuna kowane mataki, duba raka'a. Sannan kwatanta yadda SS ke canzawa idan na rage matakin sabis zuwa 95%.
Tambaya ta biyu ta ƙunshi duka lissafi da kuma tambayar "hankali"; Wannan yana ba ku damar ganin nawa yanke shawara ya dogara da wane zato.
Karamin Case: Farashin Matsayin Sabis
Kamfanin masana'antar samar da kera motoci yana nufin matakin sabis na 99.9% don kada ya bar gasket mai mahimmanci ya ɓace. Baran, injiniyan masana'antu, yana da AI don lissafin aminci don matakan sabis na yanzu da madadin. Tsarin ya nuna cewa daga 95% zuwa 99.9% yana motsa Z daga 1.65 zuwa kusan 3.09; don haka kayan aminci sun kusan ninka sau biyu. Lokacin da Baran ya ninka wannan ta hanyar farashin kayan, sai ya ga cewa kashi na ƙarshe yana da tsada sosai. Yana rage jimlar farashin kaya ta zaɓi 95% don abubuwan da ba su da mahimmanci da 99% don abubuwa masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke dakatar da layin. AI kafa asusun; Hukuncin injiniya na Baran ne ya yanke shawarar wane matakin sabis ya cancanci aikin.
Alamomi: Safety stock yana girma sosai, maimakon a layi, tare da matakin sabis. Kashi na ƙarshe (99% → 99.9%) suna da tsada sosai. Tambaya ko kowane abu da gaske yana buƙatar wannan babban matakin.
Kuskuren gama gari
- Haɗin raka'a: Shigar da buƙatu yau da kullun da samar da lokaci kowane mako da samun SS/ROP mara ma'ana.
- Matakan sabis guda ɗaya: Aiwatar da matakin sabis iri ɗaya ga duk abubuwa da sarrafa abubuwa A da C daidai.
- Rashin tabbatar da lissafin AI: Karɓar sakamakon EOQ/SS ba tare da ganin tushen murabba'i da matakan haɓaka ba.
- Zaton buƙatu na yau da kullun: Yin watsi da bambancin (σ) da kiyaye haja mai aminci a sifili.
- Yin watsi da matattun jari: Ci gaba da ba da umarni tare da tsoffin sigogi don abubuwa tare da raguwar buƙata.
A takaice
- Hannun jari yana amsa tambayoyi uku: nawa (EOQ), lokacin (ROP), nawa buffer (SS). Kowannensu yana da tsayayyen tsari.
- Daidaiton raka'a shine mafi mahimmanci kuma sau da yawa ba a kula da shi na lissafin ƙididdiga; Tabbatar tabbatar da fitowar AI tare da duba naúrar.
- Matrix na ABC/XYZ yana jagorantar ƙoƙari zuwa abubuwan da suka dace; Sharar gida ne don sarrafa kowane abu tare da kulawa iri ɗaya.
- Yayin da matakin sabis ya karu, kayan aminci da sauri ya zama tsada; Nemi kashi na ƙarshe.
- AI yana kafawa da haɓaka asusun; Hukuncin ɗan adam ne ke yanke shawarar wane manufofin da ya cancanci aikin.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Shirya lissafin hannun jari na aƙalla abubuwa 8-10 (lambar, buƙatun shekara-shekara, farashin naúrar, rarrabuwar std, lokacin jagora). Da farko sai AI ta gina matrix ABC/XYZ kuma a bayyane take nuna ƙimar bambancin. Sannan lissafta EOQ, haƙƙin aminci da ƙimar ROP na wani abu; Duba kowane mataki da naúrar. Tabbatarwa mai mahimmanci: Sake lissafin EOQ da SS a cikin mutum tare da Excel ko kalkuleta kuma kwatanta da AI. A ƙarshe, ƙididdige matakin sabis don abu ɗaya a cikin yanayin 95% da 99% kuma fassara bambancin hannun jari da tasirin farashin sa na shekara-shekara.