Raka'a
1. Gabatarwa ga AI a cikin ESG da Dorewa: Matsayi, Iyakoki, Tabbatarwa da Da'a 2. Materiality da Nazari na Abu Biyu: Fahimtar Maudu'i, Shigar da Masu ruwa da tsaki da Ba da fifiko 3. Tarin Bayanai na ESG, Ingancin Bayanai da Gudanar da Sawu 4. Ƙididdigar Carbon: Iyakar 1-2-3, Abubuwan Fitar da Fitar da Ka'idar GHG 5. Tsarin Rahoto: GRI, ESRS/CSRD da Taswirar ISSB 6. Dorewar Sarkar Bayarwa: Iyali na 3, Bayanan mai bayarwa da Kwarewa 7. Sadarwa da Haɗin kai: Bincike, Binciken Ra'ayi da Harshen Rahoto Mai Fassara 8. Rahoto Rubutun da Ƙirƙirar Aiki da Kai: Tsara, Tsayawa, da Gyaran Labari 9. Tabbataccen Tabbaci da Tabbaci Mai Zaman Kanta: Sarkar Shaida da Shirye-shiryen Bincike 10. Hadarin Greenwashing: Da'awar Auditing, Greenwashing Nau'in da Doka 11. Ƙarshe-zuwa-Ƙarshe ESG Workflow, Gudanar da Bayanai, Da'a da Ƙofar Inganci
Naúrar 4 / 11

Ƙididdigar Carbon: Iyakar 1-2-3, Abubuwan Fitar da Fitar da Ka'idar GHG

Riba:

  • Ikon sanya aiki a cikin madaidaicin iyakar (1/2/3) da lissafta shi a tCO₂e tare da ma'anar 'bayanan ayyukan × emission factor'
  • Ikon tabbatar da abubuwan fitarwa daga tushen hukuma kuma canza zuwa CO₂e tare da daidaitaccen saitin GWP don methane/N₂O kuma saka hanyar Scope 2
  • Ikon samar da tabbataccen sakamako ta hanyar samun jimlar ƙididdiga na layi-layi da yawa waɗanda aka yi ta hanyar hankali na wucin gadi tare da lambar aiwatarwa maimakon da hannu.

Mafi yawan magana game da lamba a cikin duniyar dorewa shine sawun carbon na kamfani: jimillar iskar gas da ƙungiyar ke fitarwa zuwa sararin samaniya sakamakon ayyukanta. Sunan tsarin kasa da kasa wanda ya tsara dokoki don ƙididdige wannan lamba shine GHG Protocol (Greenhouse Gas Protocol). lissafin carbon, kamar lissafin kuɗi, yana dogara ne akan wasu ma'anoni da iyakoki; Ƙananan iyaka ko kuskuren raka'a yana lalata dukkan rahoton. A cikin wannan rukunin, zaku koyi ƙa'idodin amfani da hankali na wucin gadi (AI) cikin aminci a cikin lissafin carbon.

Bari mu fara ayyana rukunin gama gari. Tasirin dumama na iskar gas daban-daban (carbon dioxide CO₂, methane CH₄, nitrous oxide N₂O) ya bambanta. Don canza shi duka zuwa ma'auni na gama gari, ana amfani da COe (daidai da carbon dioxide). Ƙididdigar fassarar ita ce GWP (Iwuwar ɗumamar Duniya): yana gaya muku yadda ƙarfin iskar gas ke yin zafi idan aka kwatanta da CO₂. Misali, GWP na shekaru 100 na methane kusan 28 ne; watau tan 1 na methane ≈ 28 tan CO₂e. Idan an cire GWP, methane da N₂O ba su da ƙima sosai.

Yankuna uku: inda hayakin ya fito

Ka'idar GHG tana raba fitar da hayaki zuwa bangarori uku:

  • Iyali 1 (kai tsaye): Fitowa daga tushen kamfanin. Misali: iskar gas da aka kona a tukunyar jirgi na kamfanin, man da motocin kamfanin suka kone, dizal janareta.
  • Iyakar 2 (makamashi da aka saya): Fitowar kai tsaye daga samar da wutar lantarki da aka saya, tururi, dumama da sanyaya. Wutar lantarki ba ta fitowa daga bututun hayakin kamfanin, sai dai cibiyar samar da wutar da ke fitar da hayaki.
  • Ƙimar 3 (sarkar darajar): Duk sauran abubuwan da ake fitarwa kai tsaye: kaya da ayyuka da aka saya, balaguron kasuwanci, jigilar ma'aikata, amfani da samfurin da aka siyar, sharar gida. Gabaɗaya shi ne mafi girma amma mafi wahala a auna ɓangaren jimlar sawun sawun.

Ayyuka

Iyakar

Kona iskar gas a cikin tukunyar jirgi na kamfanin

Girma 1

Gasoline don abin hawa kamfani

Girma 1

Wutar lantarki daga grid

Girma 2

sayi tururi

Girma 2

Danyen kayan da aka saya daga mai kaya

Iyakar 3

Ma'aikaci yana zuwa aiki da mota

Iyakar 3

Amfanin abokin ciniki na samfurin da aka sayar

Iyakar 3

Tukwici: Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don Matsakaicin 2: tushen wuri (yana amfani da matsakaicin grid factor don yanki) da tushen kasuwa (yana nuna kwangilolin makamashin kore da kamfanin ya saya). Biyu suna ba da sakamako daban-daban, kuma yawancin tsarin suna buƙatar duka biyun a ba da rahoto. Tabbatar da saka wanda kuke amfani da shi.

Basic dabaru na lissafi: ayyuka data × watsi factor

Zuciyar lissafin carbon shine ninka guda ɗaya:

Fitar (CO₂e) = Bayanan ayyuka × Fa'idar fitarwa

Bayanan aiki shine auna adadin (lita dizal, kWh na wutar lantarki, m³ na iskar gas). Matsalolin da ke fitar da iskar gas shine ma'aunin fitar da ruwa a kowace raka'a (misali kgCO₂e/lita). Wannan shine inda AI ya fi haɗari: abubuwan fitar da hayaki sun bambanta ta ƙasa, shekara da man fetur, kuma AI na iya yin wani abu da baya tunawa. Ka'idar a bayyane take: ana tabbatar da lamarin koyaushe daga tushen hukuma (IPCC, DEFRA/EPA, IEA, lissafin ƙasa); Tsarin lissafin kawai da lambar AI ne ke yin su.

Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi

Rawanin faɗakarwa:

Yi lissafin sawun carbon ɗin kamfaninmu.

Babu iyaka, shekara, ƙasa, naúrar da tushen tushe; AI yana samar da dalilai, yana rikitar da iyakoki, yana kula da raka'a.

Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:

Matsayinku: Masanin lissafin carbon (GHG Protocol) .Input (2024, Turkey): Gas: 12,000 m³ (Scope 1)- Diesel abin hawa na kamfanin: 8,000 lita (Mafi girman 1) - Main wutar lantarki: 250,000 kWh (Scope 2, tushen wuri) Task a cikin daidaitaccen abu: 1 watsi FIT factor = tCO₂e”, amma KADA KA KYAUTA abubuwan watsi - bar blank don factor kuma rubuta “don tabbatar da shi daga tushen hukuma (IPCC/DEFRA/national)” ”. Formula).

Wannan tsarin yana amfani da AI a matsayin mataimaki na lissafin lissafi; Halin ya bar yanke shawara zuwa gare ku.

Saka jimlar cikin lamba

Tattara abubuwa da dama a cikin jerin layukan da yawa yana da saurin yin kuskure. Bayan tabbatar da abubuwan daga tushen hukuma, sa AI ta yi jimlar tare da lambar:

Rubuta lambar ƙididdiga / ƙididdiga don tebur mai tabbatarwa a ƙasa.Kowane jere: aiki_data × factor = kgCO2eNa gaba: ƙara duk kgCO2e kuma raba ta 1000 don ba tCO2e.I shigar da abubuwan kuma ya tabbatar da su; kawai ka saita lissafin. Rukunin: A = abu, B= data_aikin, C=factor(kgCO2e/unit)Fitarwa: cell formulas + total formula, annotated.

Saurin da ke biyo baya yana gwada ƙayyadadden ƙira tare da duba ido.

Matsayin ku: ƙwararren masani mai sarrafa carbon. Audit abubuwan hayaki masu zuwa da tuta (ba gyara):1) Abubuwan da aka sanya a cikin da ba daidai ba (1/2/3).2) Abubuwan fitarwa tare da tushen da ba a bayyana ba.3) Gases tare da jujjuyawar GWP (ba CO₂) babu dalilai ko lambobi FITTING.Inventory: [INVENTORY]

Tsanaki: Ana sabunta saitunan GWP (misali IPCC AR5 da AR6 suna ba da ƙima daban-daban). Nuna a cikin rahoton wane saitin GWPs da wanne lokaci (yawanci shekaru 100) kuka yi amfani da su; In ba haka ba, bayanai daga shekaru biyu sun zama mara misaltuwa.

uku mini lokuta

Case 1 - Fasali Mai Haɗi. Wani kamfani ya sa YZ ya lissafta lita 50,000 na dizal. YZ yayi amfani da 2.40 kgCO₂e/lita; Matsayin hukuma shine ~ 2.68. Bambancin yana nufin rashin kimanta kusan tan 14 na COe. An inganta lamarin kuma an gyara shi daga bayanan DEFRA.

Case na 2 - Rudani ta iyaka. Wani kamfani na ofis ya yi kuskure ya sanya wutar lantarkin da ya siya a Matsayi na 1. Binciken da aka yi kafin binciken ya nuna cewa wutar lantarkin ta kasance Scope 2 (sayan makamashi); Idan ba a gyara abubuwan ɗaukar hoto ba, da duka duka da rarraba nau'ikan duka an ba da rahoton kuskure.

Case 3 - GWP Ketare. Wurin sharar gida ya tattara iskar methane kai tsaye cikin tonne, ba tare da maida su COe ba. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da GWP=28, an ga cewa ton 200 na methane ya fito da ~ 5,600 na CO₂e. Idan an cire GWP, sawun zai zama kusan sau 28 karami.

Kuskuren gama gari

  • "Tunawa" AI na abubuwan da ke fitar da iska. Ana ɗaukar lamarin koyaushe daga teburin hukuma ta ƙasa da shekara; Dalilin da AI ya bayar na iya zama karya.
  • Cakuda iyakoki. Sanya wutar lantarki da aka saya a cikin Matsakaicin 1 da man fetur a cikin Matsakaicin 2 yana gurbata jimillar da rarrabawa.
  • Ketare GWP. Idan methane da N₂O ba su canza zuwa CO₂ ta GWP ba, sawun ya cika sosai.
  • Naúrar hadawa. Raunin kilogiram tare da ton, m³ tare da kWh yana haifar da kuskure sau 1000.
  • Ba ƙayyadadden hanyar Scope 2 ba. Idan ba a bayyana ko tushen wuri ne ko na kasuwa ba, ba za a iya kwatanta adadin ba.

A takaice

Ƙididdigar Carbon ba fasaha ce ta hasashe ba, amma horon lissafin kuɗi ne bisa ma'anoni da tabbatattun dalilai. Fitarwa = bayanan ayyuka × ma'anar fitarwa; amma ana tabbatar da lamarin koyaushe daga tushen hukuma, kawai rabuwar iyaka, ɓangarorin asusun da jimlar lambar ana yin su zuwa AI. Rarraba iyakoki guda uku daidai, canza duk iskar gas ta GWP zuwa CO₂e, gyara raka'a kuma bayyana hanyar Wurin 2 ku. Kar a haɗa da kowane abu da AI ya bayar a cikin rahoton ba tare da tabbatar da shi ba.

Aikin aikace-aikace

Saita kanku tare da ƙaramin saitin bayanai na abubuwa uku (Mai Girma 1, Iyali 2, Abu ɗaya Wuri 3). Tambayi AI tare da faɗakarwa mai ƙarfi a sama don ɓangarorin lissafin lissafi wanda ke sanya kowane abu a daidai iyakar kuma ya bar sel masu ƙima. Sa'an nan: (1) nemo kuma shigar da kowane nau'i daga tushe na hukuma, (2) a ƙididdige jimlar ta lamba, (3) yin bayanin tsarin GWP da Hanyar Scope 2 da kuka yi amfani da su.

jerin abubuwan dubawa

  • [ ] Na sanya kowane alkalami a cikin madaidaicin ɗaukar hoto (1/2/3).
  • [ ] Na tabbatar da abubuwan fitar da hayaki daga tushen hukuma (IPCC/DEFRA/EPA/national).
  • [ ] Na canza duk iskar gas zuwa CO₂e tare da GWP.
  • [ ] Na yi jimlar ba da hannu ba amma ta hanyar dabara/lambar da za a iya aiwatarwa.
  • [ ] Na duba daidaiton raka'o'in (kg/ton, m³/kWh).
  • [ ] Na ayyana hanyar wuri/hanyar kasuwa don Iyali 2.
  • [ ] Na rubuta saitin GWP da yanayin lokacin da na yi amfani da shi a cikin rahoton.
A baya Na gaba