Raka'a
1. Gabatarwa zuwa Haƙiƙa na Artificial a Chemistry: Matsayi, Iyakoki, Tabbatarwa da Da'a 2. Wakilin Kwayoyin Halitta da Tsarin Sinadarai: Tabbatarwa tare da SMILES, InChi da RDKit 3. Hasashen amsawa da injina: Samfur, yanayi da Hasashen Hasashen Mummuna 4. Taimakon Fassarar Bakan: NMR, IR da Mass Spectrometry 5. Bita na wallafe-wallafe da Tsare-tsaren Haɗa: Tushen, Tsari da Taswirar Hanya 6. Binciken Bayanai na Chemical da Python: pandas, Stoichiometry da Calibration 7. Hasashen Dukiyar Kwayoyin Halitta da QSAR: Ƙaddamarwa, pKa da Iyakan Model 8. Takardun dakin gwaje-gwaje: Littafin Bayanin Gwaji, ELN da Maimaituwa 9. Ƙimar Tsaro da Haɗari: GHS, SDS da Iyaka na Hankali na Artificial 10. Tabbatarwa, Hallucination, da Mutuncin Kimiyya 11. Dan Adam a Gwaji: Da'a, Keɓantawa, Nauyi da Ƙarshe-zuwa Ƙarshen Aiki
Naúrar 9 / 11

Ƙimar Tsaro da Haɗari: GHS, SDS da Iyaka na Hankali na Artificial

Riba:

  • Fahimtar cewa tushen gaskiyar tsaro shine SDS da GHS kuma cewa bayanan wucin gadi ba zai iya samun kalmar ƙarshe a cikin tsaro ba
  • Ikon dubawa don haɗin haɗin reagent mara jituwa a cikin kowace hanya kuma tabbatar da giciye tare da SDSs
  • Ikon tantance PPE a matakin kayan aiki kuma samun hanyar da gogaggen mutum/ jami'in tsaro ya amince da shi

Ƙimar Tsaro da Haɗari: Iyakar GHS, SDS da AI

A cikin ilimin kimiyya, babu batun da ya fi aminci fiye da mahimmanci. Kuskuren nauyin kwayoyin halitta zai rushe gwajin; Kuskuren tsaro na iya rasa rayukan mutane. AI na iya hanzarta takaddun aminci: samar da taƙaitaccen haɗari, bayar da shawarar kayan kariya na sirri (PPE), daftarin bayanin zubar da shara, fitowar fom ɗin tantance haɗarin. Amma akwai cikakkiyar doka guda ɗaya: AI ba zai taɓa yin magana ta ƙarshe game da tsaro ba. Shawarar aminci ta ta'allaka ne da tushe na hukuma (SDS - Takardun Bayanai na Tsaro, GHS - Tsarin Jituwa na Duniya na Rarraba Sinadarai) da ƙwararren mutum. A cikin wannan rukunin za mu koyi amfani da AI azaman taimako a cikin tsaro amma kar mu taɓa dogaro da shi.

Ka'idoji na asali

  • SDS (Takardar Bayanan Tsaro): Takaddun hukuma mai sashi 16 wanda mai yin kowane sinadari ya bayar. Ya haɗa da haɗari, taimakon farko, ajiya, zubarwa. Tsaro shine tushen gaskiya.
  • GHS: Tsarin ƙasa da ƙasa wanda ke rarraba sinadarai zuwa nau'ikan haɗari (mai ƙonewa, mai lalacewa, mai guba, oxidizing, da sauransu) kuma yana nuna su tare da hotuna.
  • Bayanin H da P: H (Hazard) maganganun haɗari (misali H314: ƙonewa mai tsanani), P (Tsaafi) maganganun kiyayewa (misali P280: saka safofin hannu masu kariya).
  • PPE: Kayan kariya na sirri - tabarau, safar hannu, apron, kariya ta numfashi idan ya cancanta.

AI yana da kyau wajen bayyana waɗannan ra'ayoyin da taƙaita rubutun SDS. Amma yana da haɗari don dogara ga bayanan haɗari da AI ke bayarwa "daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya" ba tare da samun ainihin SDS na sinadari daga masana'anta ba; Yana iya zama bai cika ko kuskure ba.

Tsanaki: Bai isa ba AI ta ce "lafiya" ko "ba haɗari" ga sinadarai ba. Sami SDS na hukuma don kowane sinadari daga masana'anta/maroki kuma karanta haɗari, rashin daidaituwa, bayanan zubarwa a wurin. AI ba maye gurbin SDS ba ne.

Haɗari mafi mahimmanci: haɗuwa mara dacewa

Yayin da wasu sinadarai ke da aminci su kaɗai, suna da haɗari tare. Misalai na yau da kullun: oxidizers + abubuwan halitta (wuta / fashewa), acid + hypochlorite (gas chlorine), ruwa + karafa masu amsawa (hydrogen / zafi), acid + salts cyanide (gas mai guba). AI ya san yawancin waɗannan haɗin gwiwar, amma baya ba da garantin dukkan su, kuma wani lokacin yana iya gabatar da shawara mai haɗari ba tare da laifi ba. Ya kamata a amsa kowace hanya ta tambayar "akwai wasu reagents marasa jituwa a nan?" Aikin ku ne ku duba da idanunku.

Mataki-mataki: shiri mai aminci mai ƙarfin AI

  1. Ƙirƙiri jerin reagents: Lissafin kowane sinadari da aka yi amfani da su a cikin gwajin.
  2. Sami ainihin SDSs: Zazzage SDS daga masana'anta/mai bayarwa ga kowane.
  3. Taƙaitawa zuwa AI: liƙa rubutun SDS kuma cire hazari/PPE/ taƙaitawar zubarwa.
  4. Nuna rashin daidaituwa: Tambayi AI "Shin akwai haɗarin haɗuwa tsakanin waɗannan reagents?" tambaya; tabbatar da sakamakon tare da SDSs.
  5. Form tantance haɗarin: Bari AI ta samar da daftarin, kun cika shi da ainihin bayanai kuma jami'in ya amince da shi.
  6. Amincewar ɗan adam: Kar a yi aikin ba tare da gogaggen mutum/ jami'in tsaro ya amince da ita ba.

Samfura huɗu masu kwafi

1) SDS taƙaitawa (kun bayar da rubutu):

A ƙasa akwai rubutun SDS don sinadari: [SDS TEXT] Aiki: Saka: Azuzuwan GHS, Bayanin H da P, PPE da ake buƙata, yanayin ajiya, abubuwan da ba su dace ba, zubewa da taƙaitaccen taimakon farko, hanyar zubar da shara. Ƙara bayanai BA a cikin rubutu ba; in ba haka ba rubuta "ba a ƙayyade a cikin SDS ba".

2) Binciken rashin daidaituwa:

Ana amfani da sinadarai masu zuwa tare / jere a cikin gwaji: [LIST + gajeriyar hanya]Aiki: Shin akwai wasu sanannun haɗuwa da haɗari (oxidizer+organic, acid+hypochlorite, water+reactive karfe, da dai sauransu) a cikin waɗannan abubuwa? Bayyana kowane haɗari mai yiwuwa. GARGAƊI: Wannan gwajin FARKO ne; Zan tabbatar da SDS na kowane abu.

3) Daftarin tsarin tantance haɗarin:

Aiki: Ƙirƙiri samfurin ƙima na haɗarin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Filaye: bayanin aiki, abubuwa da azuzuwan haɗari da aka yi amfani da su, hanyoyin fallasa, PPE da ake buƙata, matakan injiniya (ruwan hayaƙi), hanyar gaggawa, zubar da sharar gida, amincewa da mutum/ kwanan wata. Bar kowane fili babu komai don a cika shi.

4) PPE da shawarwarin taka tsantsan:

Tsari: Yin aiki tare da nitric acid mai tattarawa, a cikin fume hood.Task: Lissafin PPE masu dacewa (ciki har da nau'in safar hannu), kariya ta injiniya da matakan farko a cikin lamarin zube. Lura: Zan tabbatar da zaɓin kayan safar hannu tare da ginshiƙi mai dacewa na SDS.

Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi

Rauni:

Shin yana da lafiya yin aiki da wannan sinadari?

AI na iya amsawa daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, kamar "aminci gabaɗaya"; wannan bai cika ba kuma yana yaudara, yana barin ainihin SDS.

Mai ƙarfi:

A ƙasa na liƙa rubutun SDS don sinadarai Ƙara da'awar tsaro wadda ba ta cikin rubutun. Sakamako: Zan sami wannan taƙaitaccen bayani daga jami'in tsaro.

Bambanci: An ɗauki ainihin SDS a matsayin tushen, AI kawai an taƙaita shi, an hana ƙirƙira, an kawo tabbacin ɗan adam a cikin kwarara.

Azuzuwan haɗari da matakan tsaro na yau da kullun

Babban darajar GHS

misali

Babban haɗari

Hankali na musamman

ruwa mai flammable

ethanol, acetone

wuta

Nisa daga harshen wuta, mara walƙiya

m

Ma'auni acid/base

Ƙunar fata/ido

Garkuwar fuska, safofin hannu masu dacewa

mai guba

Cyanide gishiri

guba

Murfin hayaki, rufaffiyar tsarin

oxidizer

Nitric acid, perchlorate

wuta/fashewa

Ajiye dabam daga kwayoyin halitta

sensitizer

wasu amin

rashin lafiyan dauki

Guji haduwar fata

kananan lokuta

Case 1 - Shawarar haɗari mai haɗari ta AI. Mai amfani ya nemi tsarin tsaftace ƙasa; YZ a kaikaice ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da jeri na maganin acidic tare da samfur mai ɗauke da hypochlorite—hadarin iskar chlorine. Mai amfani ya ci gaba da kallon sashin "kayan da ba su dace ba" a cikin SDSs. Darasi: Ketare shawarar AI tare da sashin rashin daidaituwa na SDS.

Hali na 2 - Bacewar PPE. YZ ya ce "safofin hannu da tabarau" don yin aiki tare da acid mai mahimmanci amma bai ƙayyade nau'in safar hannu ba; Wasu kayan safar hannu ba sa jure wannan acid. Mai amfani ya zaɓi madaidaicin kayan safar hannu daga ginshiƙi na SDS. Darasi: Tabbatar da shawarar PPE daga SDS a matakin abu.

Case 3 - SDS taƙaitaccen ƙarin ƙima. Ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibi ya sa AI ta taƙaita shafi 12 SDS; haɗari, PPE da zubarwa an rage su zuwa shafi 1 kuma an karanta su da sauri kafin gwajin. An bincika taƙaitawar tare da ainihin SDS, daidai ne. Darasi: AI SDS yana da aminci kuma yana da mahimmanci a taƙaitawa saboda kun samar da rubutun.

Kuskuren gama gari

  • Kawai tambayar AI don tsaro. Yin shawarar "lafiya/ba lafiya" ba tare da ainihin SDS ba.
  • Ba a bincika abubuwan haɗin da ba su dace ba. Yin watsi da cewa abubuwa masu aminci ɗaya ɗaya na iya zama haɗari tare.
  • Ba ƙayyade PPE a matakin kayan ba. "Gloves" bai isa ba; Wani abu, wane kauri?
  • Ba la'akari da sikelin ba. Abin da ba shi da mahimmanci zafi a kan ma'auni na MG na iya zama haɗari a kan sikelin tawadar Allah.
  • Tsallake zubar da shara. Ko da yake abin da ya faru ba shi da lafiya, zubar da shara da kyau wani haɗari ne daban.
  • Ketare yardar mutum. Yin hanyar ba tare da izini daga gogaggen mutum ba.
Tukwici: Aiwatar da ƙa'idar "zero trust" a cikin tsaro: Bi da kowane da'awar tsaro ta AI a matsayin wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba har sai an tabbatar da in ba haka ba. Tushen shine SDS, mai yanke shawara mutum ne.

a takaice

  • Tsaro shine babban fifiko a cikin sinadarai; Anan AI ba zai taɓa samun kalmar ƙarshe ba.
  • Tushen ainihin bayanan aminci shine SDS da GHS; Lokacin da AI ke bayarwa daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, yana iya zama bai cika/ba daidai ba.
  • Mafi mahimmancin haɗari shine haɗuwa maras dacewa; duba kowane hanya da wannan ido.
  • Yi amfani da AI a cikin taƙaitawar SDS, tsara fom da tantance rashin bin ka'ida na farko; tabbatar da duk tare da SDS.
  • Ƙayyade PPE a matakin abu, la'akari da sikelin da zubar da sharar gida, samun amincewar ɗan adam.

Aikin aikace-aikace

Zaɓi sinadarai guda uku da kuke aiki da su. Sami ainihin SDS ga kowane daga mai kaya. Shin AI ta taƙaita rubutun SDS (haɗari, PPE, abubuwan da ba su dace ba, zubarwa). Sannan sami AI don incompatibility ta amfani da duka ukun tare kuma ku haye sakamakon tare da sassan "kayan da ba su dace ba" na SDSs. Cika fam ɗin tantance haɗari. Yi ƙoƙarin nemo aƙalla aya ɗaya na rashin bin ka'ida ko ɓacewar PPE; Rubuta tsari don samun jami'in da ya amince da fom.

jerin abubuwan dubawa

  • [ ] Ina samun ainihin SDS ga kowane sinadari, ban dogara da AI ba.
  • [ ] Ina bincika taƙaitaccen tsaro na AI tare da SDS.
  • [ ] Ina duba tsarin don haɗin da bai dace ba.
  • [ ] Na tabbatar da PPE a matakin abu daga SDS.
  • [ ] Ina la'akari da sikelin da zubar da sharar gida.
  • [ ] Ina da tsarin da gogaggen mutum / jami'in tsaro ya amince da ni.
A baya Na gaba