Riba:
- Ikon bambance yanayin, bincike na anomaly da prognostic (RUL) da amfani da hankali na wucin gadi azaman alamar alama a cikin bayanan firikwensin
- Ikon rarrabewa tare da tabbatarwa ta jiki ko an haifar da anomaly ta hanyar ma'auni (sensor / kebul / calibration) ko bangaren
- Ikon fahimtar cewa tsinkayar tsinkayar ba takamaiman kwanan wata ba ce kuma shirin masana'anta da aka amince da shi ne kawai ke ƙayyade tazarar kulawa.
Kula da jirgin sama yana murzawa tsakanin falsafar tsara jadawalin lokaci guda uku. Gyaran gyara yana gyara kuskure bayan ya faru. Kulawa na rigakafi/lokaci-lokaci yana maye gurbin sassa a takamaiman sa'a ko zagayowar tashi. Kulawa da tsinkaya - lura da ainihin yanayin sashin da kuma shiga tsakani "daidai lokacin" kafin ya gaza - shine mafi kyawun tsarin zamani kuma shine yankin da hankali na wucin gadi (AI) ya ƙara ƙimar mafi girma. A cikin wannan rukunin, za mu rufe karatun abubuwan da suka faru daga bayanan firikwensin, tsinkaye da iyakokin sa.
Daga ina bayanai ke fitowa?
Jiragen zamani suna samar da bayanai akai-akai. Manyan tushe:
- ACARS/QAR/FDR (Maganin Sadarwar Jirgin Sama da Tsarin Ba da rahoto / Mai rikodin Samun Sauri / Mai rikodin bayanan Jirgin - tsarin da ke rikodin / watsa sigogin jirgin): sigogin injin, jihohin tsarin, bayanan jirgin.
- HUMS (Tsarin Kula da Lafiya da Amfani yana lura da yanayin girgizawa da lafiyar gearbox, musamman a cikin jirage masu saukar ungulu): girgiza, zazzabi, lambobin sake zagayowar.
- Sa ido kan injuna: Kulawar tashi-zuwa-jigi na sigogi kamar EGT, N1/N2 (gudun injin injin rotor), kwararar mai, matsin mai/zazzabi.
- Saƙonnin kulawa na CMS/CMC da bayanan BITE.
Wannan bayanan yana da yawa kuma yana ƙunshe da yanayin jinkirin (wasan hawan hawan sama) wanda idon ɗan adam ba zai iya ganowa ba. Wannan shine inda AI da ƙirar ƙididdiga suka shigo cikin wasa.
Trend, anomaly da prognostics: uku daban-daban jobs
Akwai ra'ayoyi guda uku waɗanda bai kamata a ruɗe ba:
- Bincike na Trend: Yanayin siga akan lokaci. Misali, asarar gefe EGT alama ce ta yau da kullun na lalacewar aikin injin.
- Gano Anomaly: sabawa kwatsam/ƙididdiga daga halin da ake tsammani. Samfuran AI suna koyon tsarin “al’ada” kuma suna tuta abin da ya wuce.
- Prognostic (RUL): Rayuwa mai Amfani - kimanta sauran rayuwa mai amfani. "Wannan bangaren ya kai iyakarsa bayan kusan zagayowar X." Wannan shi ne mafi buri kuma mafi shubuha.
AI yana taimakawa tare da duka ukun, amma rashin tabbas yana ƙaruwa tare da duka ukun: yanayin shine mafi abin dogaro, tsinkaye shine mafi hasashe. Ƙididdigar doka ba ta zama ainihin kwanan wata ba; Yana da kewayon yuwuwar kuma ana ƙididdige shi a cikin tsarin fassarar injiniyoyi da iyakan masana'anta (lokaci mai wahala, shirye-shiryen kiyaye yanayin yanayi).
Tsanaki: Ƙididdigar ƙididdigewa yana da kyau don "duba da wuri"; "Cire kafin iyaka" ko "tsara iyaka" ba za a iya ba da hujja ba. Ana ƙayyade tazarar kulawa ta hanyar ingantaccen shirin kulawa (MPD/MRB) da iyakokin masana'anta. Hasashen AI baya canza waɗannan, kawai yana jan hankali.
Nau'in kuskure biyu: kuskuren da aka rasa da ƙararrawar ƙarya
Tsarin tsinkaya yana da haɗari ta hanyoyi biyu. Ƙarya mara kyau ( gazawar da aka rasa): ƙirar ba ta nuna matsala, ɓangaren ya gaza ba zato ba tsammani - haɗarin aminci. Ƙarya mai ƙarfi (ƙararrawa na ƙarya): tuta matsala mara tsari, rarrabawar da ba dole ba, farashi mara amfani da - mahimmanci - haɗarin gabatar da sababbin kurakurai a lokacin ƙaddamar da ba dole ba (laifi da aka haifar da kulawa). Kyakkyawan shirin yana daidaita guda biyu; Ba daidai ba ne a makantar da maye gurbin sassa a kowane ƙararrawa kuma watsi da kowane ƙararrawa. AI yana nuna alamar; Injiniyan yana ƙayyade kofa da sa baki.
Tukwici: Fara ƙararrawa tare da "me yasa yanzu?" tambaya. Shin dabi'a ce ta gaske ko kuskuren bayanai? Sashe na anomaly baya cikin bangaren, amma a cikin ma'auni sarkar (sensor, USB, calibration). Kar a ce "lalacewar aiki" ba tare da tabbatarwa ta jiki ba.
uku mini lokuta
Case 1 - Gefen EGT yayi gargadin yanayin da wuri. Gefen EGT na injin guda ɗaya ya ragu a hankali da 6°C a cikin jirage 60 na ƙarshe. Ba a san shi ba lokacin kallon jirage guda ɗaya; Taswirar yanayin AI ya sanya yanayin a bayyane. Injiniyan ya tsara binciken boroscopic bisa ga jagorar masu sana'a kuma ya sami lalacewa da wuri a kan ruwan injin injin injin. An ba da shisshigi da aka tsara a maimakon gazawar da ba zato ba tsammani; riba: hana wani lamari na AOG (Aircraft on Ground).
Case na 2 - An fara farautar ƙararrawar ƙarya. HUMS ya jawo ƙararrawar girgiza don akwatin gear. Maimakon tarwatsa nan da nan, ƙungiyar ta fara bincika dutsen firikwensin da kebul: haɗin firikwensin girgiza ya zama sako-sako. Alamar ta inganta, ƙararrawar ta tafi. An kauce wa wargaza akwatin gear ɗin da ba dole ba (mai tsada + haɗarin sabbin kurakurai).
Case 3 - An yi amfani da tsinkaya mara kyau, gyara. Wani mai tsarawa ya so jinkirta maye gurbin wani sashi bisa kiyasin AI na "zagayen zagayowar RUL 300". Babban injiniyan ya tunatar da cewa: ɓangaren yana cikin ƙayyadaddun lokaci mai wuya, kuma an ƙayyade iyaka a cikin shirin da aka yarda. Hasashen tsinkaya shawara ne, lokacin wahala ya zama dole. An yi canjin a kan jadawalin; An hana yiwuwar cin zarafi.
Samfura huɗu masu kwafi
Matsayi: Injiniya / madaidaicin mataimakiyar karantawa.Task: Bayyana ko akwai wani yanayi ko karkata a cikin dabi'un [parameter] na ƙarshe [N] jiragen da ke ƙasa. Dokokin: - Kawai kwatanta tsarin; KADA KA gano kuskuren.- Idan akwai gagarumin hawan / raguwa, nuna a cikin wane kewayon jirgin ne.- Tuna da cewa kimantawa shine pre-cancanci kuma an ƙayyade iyaka a cikin shirin masana'anta. Bayanai: [CSV/ manna tebur]
Matsayin: Mataimakin ba da fifiko. Aiki: Ƙirƙiri lissafin ƙararrawa/masu ɓarna a cikin "yana buƙatar tabbatarwa ta jiki da farko" da "yiwuwar firikwensin/kuskuren bayanai". Dokoki: Ba da shawarar abu na farko don bincika kowane (sensor/kebul/calibration da dai sauransu); Hukuncin ƙarshe yana tare da injiniyan. List: [anomaly records]
Matsayi: Sensor vs mai ba da shawara na rabuwa. Aiki: Don rashin daidaituwa mai zuwa, ko sarkar ma'auni (sensor-cable-calibration) ko bangaren shine wanda ake zargi na farko, jera tare da dalilai. Dokoki: Bincika sarkar auna kafin bada shawarar maye gurbin sashi. Anomaly: [bayani + bayanai]
Matsayi: Trend rahoton daftarin mataimaki.Aiki: Rubuta ɗan gajeren daftarin rahoton da za a gabatar wa injiniyan daga abubuwan da suka faru na wannan yanayin.Dokokin:- Nemo | yiwu ma'ana (tsanaki) | shawarar duba | yi amfani da taken jagorar masana'anta masu dacewa. - Daidai RUL / saduwa; Ƙara "tare da iyakar masana'anta da amincewar injiniya". Nemo: [trend summary]
Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
Rauni: "Shin wannan injin zai gaza? Rayuwar jirgin nawa ya rage?"
Yana tilasta AI don isar da tabbataccen annabci; Lambar "rayuwar da ta rage" da aka samar ba ta da tushe kuma mai haɗari.
Ƙarfafa: "A ƙasa akwai ƙimar EGT da ƙimar N2 don jiragen sama na 60 na ƙarshe. Kawai kwatanta yanayin da kuma karkatar da shi; nuna abin da tazarar jirgin ya canza; ba da kuskuren ganewar asali da tabbataccen sauran rayuwa; bayyana cewa wannan shine pre-cancanci, an ƙayyade iyaka a cikin jagorar yanayin masana'anta kuma yanke shawara ya kasance ga injiniya."
Wannan hanzari yana sanya rashin tabbas daidai kuma yana barin yanke shawara ga ɗan adam.
Tebur: Nau'in bincike guda uku da matakan amincewa
Bincike
me yake cewa
amana
Matsayin da ya dace na AI
Trend
shugabanci na al'ada
babba
Yin jinkirin canji a bayyane
Anomaly
karkacewa kwatsam
matsakaici
Alama mai fita, fifita fifiko
Prognostic (RUL)
Ragowar kimanta rayuwa
Low/mara sani
Fara "Duba da wuri"
yanke shawara
Cire / musanya / jinkirtawa
-
Shirin ɗan adam + yarda
Kuskuren gama gari
- Kuskure tsinkaya don takamaiman kwanan wata. RUL kewayon yuwuwa ne, baya ƙetare wahala.
- Canza sassa a kowane ƙararrawa. Ƙararrawa na ƙarya suna haifar da sababbin kurakurai saboda rarrabuwa.
- Kuskuren firikwensin/kuskuren bayanai don gazawar bangaren. Cire sarkar aunawa tukuna.
- Kallon jirgi guda ɗaya kuma ya ɓace yanayin. Hannun yanayi yana bayyana kawai a cikin jerin lokaci.
- Ƙoƙarin canza tazarar kulawa tare da AI. Shirin da aka amince da shi ne kawai ke ƙayyade tazarar.
A takaice
Kulawa da tsinkaya shine fasahar fitar da sigina masu ma'ana daga bayanan firikwensin girma, kuma AI mataimaki ne mai ƙarfi anan: yana sa yanayin jinkirin gani, ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi, yana jan hankali zuwa wurin da ya dace. Amma matakin amincewa yana raguwa daga yanayin zuwa tsinkaya; RUL ba ainihin kwanan wata ba ce. Tare da kowane ƙararrawa "sensor ko bangaren?" tambaya; Shirin masana'anta da aka amince da shi ne kawai ke ƙayyade tazarar kulawa; Shawarar shiga tsakani da sa hannu na injiniya ne.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Ba da jerin sigogin ku (wanda ba a san su ba) ga AI tare da samfuri na farko kuma ku sami girke-girke na al'ada. Sa'an nan, bambanta tsakanin "sensor ko bangaren" tare da samfuri na uku. Kwatanta da ainihin jagorar yanayin masana'anta: Shin yanayin da AI ke yiwa alama shine ainihin, kofa daidai ne? Rubuta kima mai shafi ɗaya kuma amsa tambayar "menene duban jiki ake buƙata?"
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] Na ɗauki Trend, anomaly da prognostics a matsayin daban-daban ra'ayoyi.
- [] Na tambayi AI don bayanin tsari, ba ganewar asali ba.
- [ ] Ga kowane rashin jin daɗi, na fara kawar da sarkar aunawa (sensor/kebul/calibration).
- [ ] Ban yi amfani da kimanta RUL a matsayin ainihin kwanan wata ba.
- [ ] Na ƙaddara tazarar kulawa bisa ga ingantaccen shirin masana'anta.
- [ ] Na bar shawarar shiga tsakani da sa hannu tare da injiniyan.