Riba:
- Ikon fahimtar kimiyyar lissafi da iyakoki na ERT, GPR da zane-zane na seismic kuma zaɓi hanyar da ta dace don manufa.
- Ability don tabbatar da zurfin GPR tare da daidaita saurin gudu da juzu'in juzu'i / saurin juzu'i maimakon amfani da hanya ɗaya.
- Ability don yin la'akari da bambancin yanayi da tasirin yanayi na kusa da kusa da kuma tabbatar da kowane anomaly tare da tabbatarwar ƙasa (hakowa / rami).
Wasu matsalolin geophysical suna da zurfi kuma suna da girma; Amma wasu suna kusa sosai: ɗigon ruwa a ƙarƙashin dam, rata a ƙarƙashin hanya, tsarin kayan tarihi, teburin ruwa mara zurfi, ko kuma gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa. Geophysics kusa-kusa da hoton ƙasa shine aikin yin hoton ƴan mitoci na farko zuwa ɗaruruwan mita tare da babban ƙuduri. Wannan rukunin zai ƙunshi hanyoyin gama gari guda uku-lantarki resistivity tomography (ERT), radar radar ƙasa (GPR), da simintin hoto—da kuma yadda hankali na wucin gadi (AI) ke haɓaka sarrafa bayanai, juyewa, da fassarar waɗannan hanyoyin; amma zamu ga dalilin da yasa rashin tabbas na kusa da kusa yana buƙatar amfani da AI tare da taka tsantsan.
Hanyoyi uku, kimiyyar lissafi guda uku
Shortan ƙamus. ERT (electrical resistivity tomography) wata hanya ce da ke fitar da juriya na karkashin kasa (juriya ga wutar lantarki) rarraba ta hanyar amfani da halin yanzu zuwa ƙasa da auna bambancin yiwuwar; Yana da ƙarfi wajen rarraba ruwa, yumbu da ɓoyayyen ruwa. GPR (radar shiga ƙasa) yana aika manyan igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki da hotuna marasa zurfi da abubuwa (bututu, cavities, ƙarfafawa) daga tunani; Yana da babban solubility amma iyaka zurfin kuma ya bushe da sauri a cikin ƙasa mai aiki (laka, ruwan gishiri). Seismic tomography yana fitar da rarraba saurin ƙasa daga lokutan isowar igiyar ruwa a cikin hanyoyi masu karɓar tushe da yawa; Ana amfani da shi ta hanyar tsaka-tsaki ko daidaitawar saman.
Abin da duka ukun ke da shi shine cewa dukkansu suna samar da juzu'i: ƙididdige rarraba dukiyar ƙasa (resistivity, gudun) daga bayanan da aka auna. Kuma dukkansu suna fama da rashin tabbas guda ɗaya: ƙuduri yana raguwa tare da zurfi, bayanai suna iyakance, kuma sakamakon yana dogara ne akan daidaitawa.
Gudunmawar AI
AI yana haskakawa a cikin waɗannan hanyoyin a wurare kaɗan:
- Fassarar GPR: Gane tsarin hyperbola ta atomatik (halayen yanayin da abubuwan da aka binne - bututu, dutse) akan radargram (sashen GPR) da bayar da shawarar wuri da zurfin.
- Haɓaka jujjuyawar ERT/tomography: Gajarta bayani mai maimaitawa tare da samfuran maye da muka gani a sashin da ya gabata.
- Cire hayaniya da tsangwama: sanya ma'aunin ma'auni daga eriya ringing a cikin GPR, rashin kyawun lambar lantarki a cikin ERT.
- Alamar anomaly ta atomatik: Ba da shawara mara kyau, hanyar ɗigo, ƴan takarar tsarin binne a cikin ƙarar.
Haɗarin kuma sun saba: mai gano hyperbola na iya yin kuskuren tunani; mai saurin jujjuyawar zai iya cika yankin zurfin da ba a iya gani ga bayanai tare da mafari; Mai gano abubuwan da ba a sani ba na iya kuskuren bambancin ƙasa don "tsari".
Alamomi: A cikin GPR, lanƙwan hyperbola yana ba da saurin kalaman matsakaici; Zurfin da AI ya kiyasta ya dogara da wannan saurin. Idan gudun ba daidai ba ne, zurfin kuma kuskure ne. Kar a gabatar da ainihin zurfin zurfin ba tare da daidaita saurin kan aƙalla sanannen manufa ɗaya ba (misali bututun zurfin sani).
Rashin tabbas na musamman na saman kusa
Ƙimar yana da girma a kusa da kusa, amma ƙasa tana da nau'i-nau'i: danshi, cikawa, tushen, tarkace yana canzawa tare da kowane mita. Wannan yana cike da ramuka ga AI. A cikin ERT, ƙananan juzu'i na iya zama ko dai ruwa, yumbu, ko seep - resistivity kadai ba ya bambanta. Saboda haka, gaskiyar ƙasa ta kusa (rajiyoyin burtsatse, rami, sanannun abubuwan more rayuwa) yana da mahimmanci; Kowane anomaly da AI ta nuna ana tabbatar da shi ta hanyar duban jiki, idan zai yiwu.
Tsanaki: Sakamakon GPR da ERT suna da matuƙar kulawa ga ma'aunin lissafi da yanayin ƙasa; Layi ɗaya yana bayyana daban a lokacin rani da bayan ruwan sama. Kada ku sanya AI ta ce "wannan matsalar tabbas tata ce"; Karanta sakamakon tare da mahallin yanayin ma'auni, yanayi da daidaitawa.
Multi-hanyoyi kusa-tasiri fassarar
Hanya ɗaya sau da yawa ba ta isa a saman kusa ba. ERT yana ba da tsayayya, GPR yana ba da tsari, seismic tomography yana ba da sauri; Dukkanin ukun da aka haɗa tare suna haifar da mafi aminci ga fassarar ƙarancin juriya + girman girman girman GPR + ƙarancin gudu, kamar "sarari mai cike da ruwa". AI yana taimakawa haɗa waɗannan yadudduka (haɗin bayanai), amma ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙwararru waɗanda ke mutunta ƙuduri da zurfin iyakokin kowace hanya.
uku mini lokuta
Case 1 - Hanyar zubar da ruwa. An yi zargin cewa wani dam mai cike da kasa yana yoyo. An ga ƙananan ƙungiyar tsayayya tare da ERT; Mai gano anomaly AI ya nuna wannan a matsayin ɗan takarar hanyar leak. Ƙungiyar ta tabbatar da shi tare da GPR da sautuna biyu; Ƙungiyar ta kasance cikakken yanki na canji. Idan an yanke shawarar ta hanya ɗaya kawai, ana iya rikicewa da ruwan tabarau na yumbu.
Case na 2 - Hyperbola fallacy. A cikin binciken ababen more rayuwa, AI ta yi alama 14 hyperbolas kuma ta ce "bututu 14". Ƙimar daidaitawa ya nuna cewa saurin ba daidai ba ne: ainihin zurfin zurfin 30% mara zurfi ne kuma hyperbolas biyu sun kasance ainihin tunani mai yawa na bututu guda ɗaya. Lokacin da aka daidaita saurin daga layin da aka sani, lambar ta ragu zuwa 11 kuma zurfin ya inganta.
Case 3 - Tasirin yanayi. A wani wurin binciken kayan tarihi, ERT ya ba da "babu wani tsari" a ƙarshen lokacin rani. Maimaita ma'auni bayan ruwan sama ya bayyana tushen bango: bambanci ya ragu akan busasshiyar ƙasa. Idan fassarar AI ta dogara da bayanan farko kuma ta ayyana filin "ba komai" ba, da tsarin ya ɓace.
Samfura huɗu masu kwafi
1) Shawarar zaɓin hanyar:
Matsayinku: Masanin ilimin lissafi na kusa. Burina: [binne rami / seepage / tsarin archaeological / tebur ruwa], ƙasa: [laka/yashi], zurfin: [0-5 m]. Wanne (s) na ERT, GPR da sismic tomography ya dace kuma me yasa? Bayyana ƙarfi, iyakoki, da ƙarin amfani na kowace hanya don wannan burin.
2) Gyara saurin GPR:
Akwai alamun hyperbola akan radargram na GPR. Ta yaya zan kimanta saurin yanayi daga curvature hyperbola, ta yaya zan daidaita shi zuwa sanannen manufa? Bayyana tasirin saurin kuskure akan kuskure mai zurfi da yadda ake rarrabe tunani da yawa daga ainihin abu.
3) Nuna wariya ta ERT:
Akwai yanki mai ƙarancin juriya a cikin juyowar ERT na. Ta yaya zan raba yuwuwar wannan kasancewar ruwa, yumbu ko sarari? Wane bayani (GPR, hakowa, maimaita yanayi) ya fayyace bambancin? Bayyana dalilin da yasa resistivity kadai bai isa ba.
4) Tsarin tabbatar da ƙasa:
AI ta ba da alama ga ƴan takara da yawa a cikin girma. Ba da shawarar tabbatar da ƙasa (hakowa / ramuka) don tabbatar da waɗannan a zahiri: wanne ne na fara gwadawa, maki nawa ake buƙata aƙalla, ta yaya zan kwatanta sakamakon da taswirar AI?
Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
Rawanin faɗakarwa:
Nuna min idan akwai wasu gibi a cikin wannan bayanan GPR.
Babu saurin daidaitawa, babu mahallin ƙasa kuma babu tabbaci; AI yana ƙidaya hyperbolas, amma zurfin da nau'in ba abin dogaro bane.
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:
Matsayinku: Masanin GPR. Mahimmanci: jirgin karkashin kasa na kankare, rami/bututu mai niyya, damshin kasa, zurfin sansani [X] m. Aiki: (1) daidaita matsakaicin gudu ta hanyar bututu da aka sani; (2) yi alama da alamu na hyperbolic kuma daidaita zurfin kowane; (3) bambanta tunani da yawa daga ainihin abu; (4) rarraba tsibirin a matsayin rami ko bututu tare da matakin amincewa da ba da shawarar tabbatarwa ƙasa. Kar a yi amfani da harshe mai ƙarfi.
Daidaitawa, nau'in nuna bambanci da buƙatar tabbatarwa sun sa fitarwa ta zama abin dogaro.
Kwatancen hanyar
fasali
ERT
GPR
seismic tomography
auna ta
resistivity
EM tunani
gudun igiyar ruwa
yana da ƙarfi
ruwa/laka/sarari
Tsarin / abu mara hankali
tsarin sauri
rauni
ƙananan ƙuduri
m ƙasa
ɗaukar hoto
AI gudunmawa
Saurin juyewa
Hyperbola ganewa
Saurin juyewa
Kuskuren gama gari
- Bayar da zurfin GPR ba tare da daidaita saurin ba. Gudun kuskure yana nufin zurfin kuskure.
- Fassarar resistivity kadai. Low resistivity na iya zama ruwa, yumbu ko sarari.
- La'akari da yawa tunani a matsayin ainihin abubuwa. Kula da maimaita alamu a cikin GPR.
- Yin watsi da yanayin yanayi / yanayin yanayi. Busasshiyar ƙasa tana ba da sakamako daban-daban.
- Ketare tabbacin ƙasa. Kusa da hakowa/tabbataccen rami yana da mahimmanci.
A taqaice
ERT, GPR da seismic tomography suna hoton ƙasa tare da babban ƙuduri; AI yana ba da gudummawa mai ƙarfi ga ƙwarewar hyperbola, haɓaka juzu'i, da alamar anomaly a cikin GPR. Amma matsanancin yanayin yanayin kusa, tsayayyar rashin tabbas / saurin gudu, buƙatar daidaita saurin gudu, da tasirin yanayi yana sa fitowar AI ta kasance mai rauni. Daidaitaccen amfani; daidaita ƙimar, haɗa hanyoyin, kar a fassara resistivity a keɓe, kuma tabbatar da kowane rashin daidaituwa tare da tabbatarwar ƙasa. Fassarar ƙarshe ta ta'allaka ne tare da ƙwararren wanda ya san iyakar ƙuduri.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Zaɓi maƙasudin saman kusa (rago, ɗigo, tsarin binne). Ƙayyade hanyar(s) da ta dace tare da samfurin "Tuntuɓi na Zaɓin Hanyar". Idan kun zaɓi GPR, tsara zurfin dogaro tare da samfuri "GPR calibration calibration"; Idan kun zaɓi ERT, saita rabuwar ruwa/laka/ sarari tare da samfurin "ERT anomaly separation". Rubuta shirin tabbatarwa na ƙasa don aƙalla sabani ɗaya.
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] Na zaɓi hanyar da ta dace tare da gaskatawa.
- [ ] Na daidaita zurfin GPR tare da sanannen manufa.
- [ ] Na yi tafsirin juriya/saurin anomaly maimakon amfani da hanya guda.
- [ ] Na yi la'akari da tasirin yanayi / yanayin aunawa.
- [ ] Na tabbatar da rashin daidaituwa tare da shirin tabbatarwa na ƙasa.