Ƙarshe-zuwa-Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Aiki, Python, Da'a, Keɓantawa da Amfani da Alhaki

Riba:

• Ikon shigar da AI a kowane mataki, daga tsarawa zuwa rahoto, daidai da ƙofofin tabbatar da ɗan adam da yanayin canji.
• Ikon gane kayan aikin kayan aikin geophysics Python (ObsPy, segyio, scikit-learn da sauransu) da kuma tabbatar da lambar AI da aka samar dangane da naúrar/axis/leakage
• Ikon shigar da ka'idodin alhakin ɗan adam, keɓanta bayanan sirri, harshe da aka auna akan tsaro, ƙididdige ƙidayar tsinkaya da bayyana gaskiya cikin aikin aiki.

Ya zuwa yanzu mun tattauna nau'ikan zobe na geophysics-aiwatarwa, fassarar, yuwuwar filayen, jujjuyawar ƙasa, girgizar ƙasa, kusa-kasa, hangen nesa, binciken albarkatu, rashin tabbas - dabam. A cikin wannan rukunin na ƙarshe, mun haɗa su duka zuwa ƙarshen aiki ɗaya zuwa ƙarshen aiki: za mu ga yadda ake haɗa bayanan wucin gadi (AI) akai-akai daga farkon aikin har zuwa ƙarshen rahoton, tare da ƙofar tabbatar da ɗan adam a kowane mataki. Za mu kuma duba yanayin yanayin Python, kayan aikin kankare don AI a cikin geophysics, da xa'a, sirri, da ka'idodin amfani da alhakin da suka taso daga yanayin tsaro-mahimmancin yanayin sana'a. Bari mu fara daga farko: AI mai hanzari ne kuma mataimaki; Alhakin ƙirar ƙirar ƙasa, yanke shawarar bincike da sharhi game da rayuwa/amincin dukiya koyaushe yana kan ƙwararren masanin geophysicist.

Ƙarshe-zuwa-ƙarshen aikin aiki: ƙofofin tabbatarwa

Kyakkyawan aikin da aka yi amfani da AI shine tsarin da aka tsara tare da "yanayin canji" a kowane mataki. Ƙofofin ɗan adam a hankali suna hana kuskuren AI guda ɗaya daga shiga cikin rahoton:

1. Tsare-tsare da tarawa: AI yana samar da jerin abubuwan dubawa / tsara tsarin; Amintaccen rukunin yanar gizon, izini da yanke shawara na mutane ne. Kofa: shin shirin ya bi dokokin gida?
2. Sarrafa/QC: Rashin amo na AI yana aiwatar da tuta. Ƙofa: shin bambancin makircin yana da tsabta, an kiyaye siginar?
3. Kallon gani / fassarar: AI yana haifar da hangen nesa / kuskure / ɗan takarar facies. Kofa: An gudanar da daurin rijiyar da duban gani?
4. Maganin juzu'i: AI yana sauri. Ƙofa: tabbaci tare da ainihin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, an auna rashin tabbas?
5. Haɗuwa / yanke shawara: AI yana haɗa bayanai, yana haifar da yanayi. Kofa: Tabbatar da hanyoyi da yawa, an yi gwajin baya?
6. Rahoton: AI ya rubuta daftarin aiki. Ƙofa: ko kowace lamba/nassi an haɗa shi da tushen, an kiyaye harshen rashin fahimta?

Ba za ku iya matsawa zuwa ƙofar gaba ba tare da wucewa ta cikinta ba. Wannan shine tsarin da ke tabbatar da aminci yayin kiyaye gudu.

Tukwici: Haɗa “tambarin kiredit” ga kowane fitowar AI: menene bayanai, wane samfuri/ sigar, wane siga, wanda ya tabbatar, lokacin. Wannan alamar tana da mahimmanci ga duka maimaitawa da dubawa idan an sami kuskure daga baya.

Python: kayan aikin AI na geophysicist

Cikakkun harshe na AI a cikin geophysics shine Python galibi. Ana buƙatar ingantaccen ilimin karatu don aiwatarwa da saka idanu shawarwarin AI. Dakunan karatu da ake yawan amfani da su:

• NumPy / SciPy: Lissafin lambobi, sarrafa sigina (tace, FFT).
• Matplotlib: Sashe, taswira, gani.
• ObsPy: Daidaitaccen ɗakin karatu don ilimin kimiyyar yanayi (karanta waveform, lokaci, bayanan girgizar ƙasa).
• scikit-koyi: Koyon injuna na gargajiya (rarrabuwa, tari, tabbatar da giciye).
• PyTorch / TensorFlow: Koyo mai zurfi (Hanyar amo na CNN, cirewar lokaci).
• segyio: Karanta/rubuta tsarin bayanan seismic SEG-Y.

AI (samfurin yare) yana da sauri sosai wajen ƙirƙirar daftarin lamba tare da waɗannan ɗakunan karatu. Amma lambar da aka ƙirƙira ba ta aiki ba tare da tabbatarwa ba: kurakuran naúrar, kuskuren axis, rabuwar gwajin horo, ko kiran aikin da ba ya wanzuwa na gama gari.

Tsanaki: Kada a yi amfani da lambar Python ta AI zuwa manyan bayanai ba tare da gwada ta akan ƙaramin samfurin da aka sani ba. Musamman, da hannu bincika ma'anar daidaitawa/lokaci, naúrar (ms/s, m/ft) da rabuwa-gwajin horo; Kuskuren raka'a ɗaya cikin shiru yana bata fassarar duka.

Da'a, keɓantawa da amfani mai alhakin

Geophysics filin injiniya ne wanda sakamakonsa ya shafi amincin rayuwa da dukiya, muhalli da manyan saka hannun jari. Wannan yana sanya nauyi na musamman akan amfani da AI:

• Alhakin ɗan adam: Alhakin samfurin ƙarshe, yanke shawara na bincike da kimanta haɗari yana tare da gwani; "AI ya ce haka" ba uzuri ba ne.
• Sirri na bayanai: Sirri ko lasisi galibi ana rufe bayanan girgizar ƙasa, rajistan ayyukan rijiyar, da sakamakon bincike. Loda su zuwa kayan aikin AI na waje/girgije na iya haifar da keta sirrin sirri da gasa rauni; rarrabuwar bayanai da lissafin abin hawa da aka yarda suna da mahimmanci.
• Daidaitacce da haramcin da'awar da ya wuce kima: Ƙarfafa fitar da AI akan batutuwan aminci kamar haɗarin girgizar ƙasa, zabtare ƙasa, ruwan sha na ƙasa yana jefa rayuwar ɗan adam cikin haɗari; Ana auna, ana amfani da yare mara tushe.
• Ƙimar hasashen girgizar ƙasa mai ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙaƙƙarfar ƙi: Hasashen ranar girgizar ƙasa mai zuwa ba kimiyya ba ce; Ba za a iya samar da irin wannan da'awar tare da AI ba.
• Bayyanawa: An bayyana amfani da AI a fili a cikin rahoton; A wane mataki aka rubuta yadda ake amfani da shi da yadda ake tabbatar da shi.
• Muhalli da al'umma: Sakamakon binciken albarkatun yana haifar da tasirin muhalli da zamantakewa; Masanin ilimin lissafi yana da alhakin yin la'akari da waɗannan tasirin.

Tukwici: Kafin ba da kowane bayanai ga kayan aikin AI, yi tambayoyi uku: (1) Shin an yarda in raba wannan bayanan? (2) Shin ya ƙunshi bayanan sirri/na kasuwanci? (3) Shin wannan kayan aikin yana riƙe bayanai don horo? Idan ɗaya daga cikin ukun ɗin bai bayyana ba, kar a ɗora bayanan ko amfani da bayani a kan-gida/keɓe.

uku mini lokuta

Case 1 - Bayanan lasisi da aka fitar. Wani injiniya ya loda ƙarar girgizar ƙasa mai lasisi zuwa sabis na AI na waje don fassarar sauri. Kwangilar ta haramta canja wurin bayanai zuwa wani ɓangare na uku; Lamarin dai ya rikide ya zama babban karya na kwangila. Daga baya hukumar ta bullo da manufar yin aiki da kebabbun ababan hawa, da aka amince da su.

Case 2 - Kuskuren naúrar Code. Rubutun Python da AI ya ƙirƙira ya ɗauka zurfin cikin mita maimakon ƙafafu (ft); Taswirar ta fito 30% mara zurfi kuma an tsara rijiya zuwa ga manufa mara kyau. Idan an gwada shi da ƙaramin samfurin, da an kama kuskuren tun daga farko; darasi: code ɗin da aka ƙirƙira koyaushe ana tabbatar dashi akan sanannen misali.

Hali na 3 - Karin bayani game da haɗari. A cikin wani daftarin aiki, YZ ya rubuta tabbatacciyar cewa "yankin yana cikin haɗari mai haɗari" dangane da ƙarancin bayanai. Masanin ilimin lissafi ya gyara wannan ta hanyar cewa "ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ake da su na iya nuna yiwuwar shan ruwa; ana buƙatar ƙarin aikin filin don ƙima mai mahimmanci." Harshen da aka auna akan tsaro ya kasance mai gaskiya da rikon amana.

Samfura huɗu masu kwafi

1) Ƙofofin tabbatarwa daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe:

Matsayinku: mashawarcin aikin geophysical. Aikina: [nau'in]. Abin da ke fitowa shine tebur na ƙofofin tabbatarwa don tsarawa, sarrafawa, fassarar, jujjuyawa, haɗaka da rahoto: menene aikin AI, yanke shawara na ɗan adam da SHAFIN SHAFIN (control) ya kasance a kowane mataki? Kada mutum ya wuce kofar gaba ba tare da wucewa ta cikinta ba.

2) Tabbatar da lambar Python:

Na rubuta rubutun Python geophysical ([SEG-Y karanta/tace/classifier]) tare da AI. Menene zan bincika kafin gudu: raka'a/axis/daidaita daidaito, yabo-gwajin horo, aikin da ba ya wanzu, lokuta na gefe? Ta yaya zan kafa ƙaramin samfurin gwaji? Ka ba ni lissafin bincike.

3) Kula da bayanan sirri:

Matsayinku: mai ba da shawara kan tafiyar da bayanai. Ina tunanin bayar da bayanan geophysical ([seismic / well log]) ga kayan aikin AI. Ba ni lissafin bayanan sirri: izini don raba, kasuwanci/bayanan sirri na sirri, manufofin riƙe bayanan kayan aiki, keɓewa/kan-gidan madadin. Menene zan yi idan yana da haɗari?

4) Harshen bayar da rahoto:

Akwai bayanai kan al'amuran tsaro ([hadarin girgizar ƙasa / zabtarewar ƙasa]) a cikin rahoton AI na. Ta yaya zan sami matsananciyar ikirari da fassara shi zuwa ma'auni, harshe mara ma'ana? Ta yaya zan iya nuna amfani da AI a bayyane a cikin rahoton kuma in guje wa zato? Nuna tare da jujjuya misali.

Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi

Rawanin faɗakarwa:

Karɓar wannan aikin da sauri daga farko zuwa ƙare tare da AI.

Babu ƙofa mai tabbatarwa, babu keɓantacce kuma babu alhaki; Domin gudun gudu, sakamakon da ba zai yuwu ba kuma mai haɗari yana faruwa.

Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:

Matsayinku: babban manajan aikin geophysical. Aikina: [nau'in, nau'ikan bayanai, matsayin sirri]. Aiki: (1) kafa aikin aiki na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe tare da ƙofofin tabbatarwa; (2) rubuta aikin AI, yanke shawarar ɗan adam, da yanayin canji a kowane mataki; (3) ba da shawarar kayan aikin da aka amince da su da keɓantattun mafita don sirrin bayanai; (4) Ƙara madaidaicin harshe da ƙa'idar bayyana gaskiya kan lamuran tsaro. Misali na ƙarshe yana nuna cewa yanke shawara da alhakin yana kan ɗan adam a kowane mataki.

Ƙofofin, keɓantawa da tsarin lissafi suna sa AI sauri amma amintacce.

Matakan kwararar aiki da alhakin

Mataki

AI aiki

yanke shawara na mutum

yanayin canji

Tsara/tattara

daftarin tsari

tsaro, izni

Shin yana cikin bin doka?

Gudanarwa/QC

bugu, yin alama

Tabbatar da siga

An kiyaye siginar?

Tafsiri

Samar da 'yan takara

tabbatarwa

An haɗa rijiyar?

inverse bayani

hanzari

ingancin jiki

An auna rashin tabbas?

Yanke shawara/haɗin kai

Scenario, hadawa

yanke shawara na haɗari

An yi tazarce?

Rahoto

daftarin aiki

Amincewa, alhakin

Yana da alaƙa da tushen?

Kuskuren gama gari

• Ketare ƙofofin tabbatarwa. Cire ikon ɗan adam don gudun gudu yana kawo haɗari ga rahoton.
• Ana loda bayanan sirri/ lasisi zuwa kayan aikin waje. Yana haifar da cin zarafin kwangila da gasa gasa.
• Gudun lambar da aka samar ba tare da gwada shi ba. Kuskuren raka'a/axis yana lalata fassarar cikin shiru.
• Yawan da'awar game da tsaro. Yi amfani da ma'auni, harshe mara kyau.
• Boye amfani da AI. Bayyana gaskiya da sifa ta tushe wajibi ne.

a takaice

A cikin aikin geophysical na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshen, AI yana ƙara darajar a kowane mataki; amma abin da ke tabbatar da ƙimar ƙimar shine ƙofofin tabbatarwa na ɗan adam waɗanda ke haɗa matakan. Python shine ainihin kayan aikin wannan AI kuma kowane lambar da aka samar ana tabbatar da ita. Halin aminci-muhimmancin yanayin sana'a; Yana ba da umarnin sirrin bayanai, harshe da aka auna, ƙayyadaddun ƙin tsinkaya, nuna gaskiya da alhakin muhalli- zamantakewa. AI ba zai taɓa zama uzuri na "AI ya faɗi haka" ba: alhakin ƙarshe na ƙirar ƙasa, yanke shawara na bincike da fassarar aminci koyaushe yana tare da ƙwararren masanin geophysicist.

Aikin aikace-aikace

Zaɓi aikin zahiri ko haƙiƙa. Tare da samfurin “Ƙarshe-zuwa-ƙarshen tabbatarwa gates”, sanya dukkan matakai a cikin tebur tare da yanayin canjin su. Sa'an nan kuma yi amfani da samfurin "Karfin Sirri na Bayanai" don nau'in bayanai don kimanta ko ya dace a ba da wannan bayanan ga kayan aikin AI. A ƙarshe, rubuta bayanin tsaro kuma fassara shi zuwa ma'auni, bayyananne da harshe mara ma'ana tare da samfurin "Harshen bayar da rahoto mai alhakin".

jerin abubuwan dubawa

• [ ] Na kafa dukan aikin aiki tare da ƙofofin tabbatarwa da yanayin canji.
• [ ] Na sarrafa bayanan sirri/lasisi kawai tare da yarda/keɓance hanyoyin.
• [ ] Na gwada lambar Python da AI ta samar tare da sanannen misali.
• [ ] Na yi amfani da ma'auni, harshe mara tushe akan al'amuran tsaro.
• [] Na fayyace amfani da AI kuma na kiyaye alhakin ƙarshe akan ɗan adam.

Gwajin Module

1. Wanne daga cikin waɗannan shine mafi daidaiton matsayi don basirar wucin gadi a cikin geophysics?

• A) Hankali na wucin gadi mataimaki ne; Alhakin samfurin ƙasa na ƙarshe, yanke shawara na bincike da fassarar aminci ya ta'allaka ne ga masanin geophysicist ✔
• B) Artificial intelligence can finalize the underground model and determine the location of the well without human approval
• C) Hankali na wucin gadi yana samar da tsari guda ɗaya kuma daidaitaccen tsari saboda yana kawar da polysemy.
• D) Hankali na wucin gadi yana da amfani kawai wajen rubuta rahotanni, ba shi da alaƙa da sarrafa bayanai da fassarar

Bayani: Hankali na wucin gadi; Mataimaki ne wanda ke hana surutu, gano alamu, saurin ƙididdigewa da samar da daftarin rahoto. Saboda polysemy na geophysics (wanda ya dace da ƙirar ƙasa da yawa zuwa bayanai iri ɗaya), kowane fitarwa shine hasashe; ƙwararren masanin ilimin lissafi shine ikon ƙarshe wanda ya amince da ƙirar ƙasa ta ƙarshe, yanke shawara na bincike da fassarar aminci kuma yana ɗaukar haɗarin.

2. Menene hanya mafi aminci don bincika asarar sigina bayan yin amfani da mai hana sauti na tushen AI?

• A) Ya isa kawai don ganin cewa rabon sigina-zuwa-amo yana ƙaruwa
• B) Duba ɓangaren da aka cire tare da maɓalli mai bambanci kuma duba idan akwai daidaitaccen tunani a ciki ✔
• C) Tun da mai hanawa hankali ne na wucin gadi, babu buƙatar ƙarin sarrafawa
• D) Idan fitarwa ta yi kama da tsabtar gani, aikin ya yi nasara

Bayani: Makirci bambance-bambance yana nuna ɓangaren da mai kashewa ya cire azaman keɓan ɓangaren giciye. Ragowar mai danne mai kyau yana bayyana bazuwar; Idan akwai tsinkaya, ci gaba da tunani a cikin ɓangaren da aka cire, tacewa ta goge mai rauni amma ainihin sigina kuma yakamata a yi laushi. Idan ba tare da wannan cak ba, mai mugun nufi zai iya lalata tunani na gaskiya.

3. Menene kuskuren gama gari da kuskuren yanayin ƙasa akan shimfida mai santsi wanda na'urar sa ido ta atomatik ta samar?

• A) Mai bin yana aiki a hankali
• B) A koyaushe yana bayyana amo
• C) Tsallake zagayowar: tsalle daga kololuwar tunani zuwa kololuwar makwabta da samar da fili mara daidai amma santsi ✔
• D) Zaɓin kuskure na ma'aunin launi na saman

Bayani: Tsallake kewayawa shine lokacin da mabiyin ya bar tudun tunani kuma ya ci gaba ta hanyar tsalle zuwa tudun da ke makwabtaka da shi; Sakamakon yana da alama mai santsi amma yanayin ƙasa mara inganci. Sabili da haka, bai kamata a yada sararin samaniya ta atomatik a cikin ƙarar ba tare da dubawa da gyarawa ta gani ba kuma tare da ɗaure mai kyau a wuraren da ya bar tunani mai karfi kuma ya yi tsalle zuwa ga mafi rauni.

4. Menene ainihin rashin tabbas da ke tattare da ilimin kimiyyar lissafi lokacin da ake fassara ma'aunin nauyi kuma ta yaya AI zai yi game da shi?

• A) Babu shakka; Anomaly ko da yaushe yana sama da tushen kuma ana samar da tsari guda ɗaya
• B) Akwai rashin tabbas mai zurfi-amplitude; AI yakamata ya samar da yanayi da yawa maimakon samfuri ɗaya ✔
• C) Samfurin ƙuduri mafi girma guda ɗaya ne kawai ke bayanin rashin daidaituwa, ba a buƙatar madadin
• D) Rashin tabbas yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin girgizar ƙasa, ba a fagage masu yuwuwa ba

Bayani: Akwai rashin tabbas mai zurfi-girma a cikin yuwuwar wurare: ƙaramin tushe mai zurfi da babban tushe mai zurfi na iya haifar da ƙarancin yanayi iri ɗaya. Wannan shine yuwuwar yanayin filin polysemy a cikin seismic. AI na iya ɓoye wannan ta hanyar ba da samfurin amincewa guda ɗaya; Hanyar da ta dace ita ce samar da yanayi fiye da ɗaya wanda ke bayyana rashin lafiyar da kuma neman ƙarin bayanai don bambanta shi.

5. Me yasa zai zama mai haɗari don zaɓar tsakiyar ƙwayar maganadisu a cikin arewacin kogin a matsayin makasudin hakowa kai tsaye?

• A) Abubuwan rashin daidaituwa na Magnetic koyaushe suna saman tushen kai tsaye, babu haɗari
• B) Hanyar maganadisu ba zata iya ba da zurfin komai ba, don haka yana da haɗari.
• C) Anomaly bazai kasance kai tsaye sama da tushen ba saboda tasirin latitude / polarity; raguwa zuwa sandar da ake buƙata ✔
• D) Matsalar ita ce ma'aunin launi kawai, babu motsi na jiki

Bayani: Saboda tasirin latitude da polarity, ƙarancin maganadisu bazai kasance kai tsaye sama da tushen ba; A cikin yankin arewaci, rashin jin daɗi na iya canzawa zuwa kudancin tushen. Yin la'akari da cibiyar rashin lafiya a matsayin tushen ba tare da raguwa zuwa sanda ba zai haifar da tsara rijiyar a wuri mara kyau. Don haka dole ne a gyara matsayi ta hanyar raguwa zuwa sandar.

6. Wace magana ce ta fi kwatanta yanayin jujjuyawar?

• A) Matsala ce mai kyau; guda, daidaitaccen samfurin yayi daidai da kowane bayanai
• B) Matsala ce ta rashin lafiya kuma mai matukar mahimmanci; fitarwa shine dangin samfura iyakance ta rashin tabbas ✔
• C) Cikakken cikakken lissafi ne wanda baya buƙatar kowane tsari.
• D) Tsari ne ba tare da tabbas ba wanda kawai za a iya warware shi ta hanyar basirar wucin gadi.

Bayani: Maganin juzu'i shine matsala mara kyau: mai yiwuwa ba shi da mafita, ana iya samun fiye da ɗaya, ko ƙaramin ƙara a cikin bayanan na iya haifar da babban canji a cikin ƙirar. Saboda haka ana daidaita ma'auni tsakanin daidaitattun bayanai da daidaitawa, kuma fitarwa ba gaskiya ɗaya ba ce amma dangin ƙirar da ke da iyaka da rashin tabbas.

7. Menene mafi mahimmanci tabbatarwa kafin karɓar sakamakon gaggawar juyawa tare da ƙirar AI mai maye?

• A) Karɓar sakamakon kai tsaye saboda samfurin maye yana da sauri
• B) Kallon kawai ko sakamakon ya yi kama da na gani
• C) Gabatar da sakamakon zuwa ƙirar haɓaka ta gaske (na zahiri) da kwatanta bayanan da aka samar tare da bayanan da aka lura ✔
• D) Sake saita nauyin daidaitawa kuma ya dace da bayanan daidai

Bayani: Samfurin maye yana da ƙima mai nauyi na gaba kuma yana iya gazawa wajen kewayon horo. Sabili da haka, samfurin da aka samo ya kamata a ƙaddamar da ƙirar haɓaka ta gaske (na zahiri) kuma bayanan da yake samarwa ya kamata a kwatanta su da bayanan da aka lura. Maganin da mai maye ya ce 'daidai' ba shi da inganci idan ba ta riƙe bayanan da aka gani a zahirin kimiyyar lissafi ba.

8. Ta yaya ya kamata a duba lokutan isowar P da S da masu fitar da bayanan wucin gadi suka bayar kafin shigar da su cikin maganin wurin girgizar kasa?

• A) Dubi saura dabi'u a cikin mafita na wuri da kuma bitar lokaci na tashar da ke ba da saura mai yawa ✔
• B) Babu buƙatar kowane iko saboda nau'ikan hankali na wucin gadi
• C) Yi amfani da duk matakai kamar yadda suke kuma samun mafita mafi sauri
• D) Yi amfani da tashar kawai tare da mafi girman girman kuma jefar da sauran

Bayani: Ƙananan kurakurai a lokutan lokaci sun juya zuwa manyan kurakurai a matsayi. Ana bincika ragowar ƙimar a cikin maganin wuri; Babban abin da ya rage a tashar yana nuna cewa an jera wancan lokaci ba daidai ba kuma bai kamata a warware shi a makance ba. Wannan rajistan ya zama dole komai ƙarfin mai cire AI.

9. Wani manaja ya tambaye ka ka yi hasashen 'ranar girgizar kasa ta gaba a yankin' tare da basirar wucin gadi. Menene madaidaicin amsawar ƙwararru?

• A) Idan aka ba da isassun bayanai, basirar wucin gadi na iya yin ainihin hasashen kwanan wata
• B) Idan samfurin ya samar da kwanan wata, ya zama dole don sadarwa kai tsaye zuwa gudanarwa
• C) Hasashen ranar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun rana ba na kimiyya ba ne; Ƙi kuma gabatar da kima mai yiwuwa kawai ✔
• D) Ko da ba za a iya hasashenta ba, ya wadatar a ƙera kwanan wata da ƙara tazarar rashin tabbas.

Bayani: Hankali na wucin gadi na iya hasashen wurin / girman girgizar ƙasa; Duk da haka, ƙididdige ƙididdiga game da ranar girgizar ƙasa mai zuwa ba zai yuwu a kimiyance ba kuma iyaka ne da aka amince da shi ta hanyar ilimin ƙasa. Irin wannan da'awar bata ce da rashin da'a. Abin da ya dace shine kima mai yiwuwa na dogon lokaci; Ba ainihin kiyasin rana ba ne.

10. Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙadda ) ya yi a cikin GPR (ƙasa mai shiga radar) bayanai kuma ya ba da zurfi. Wane mataki yake da mahimmanci kafin a amince da waɗannan zurfafan?

• A) Ba a buƙatar calibration, adadin hyperbolas kai tsaye adadin abubuwa
• B) Daidaita saurin yanayi tare da sanannen manufa kuma raba tunani da yawa daga ainihin abu ✔
• C) GPR ba zai taba auna zurfin ba, don haka ya kamata a jefar da abin da aka fitar
• D) Ko kasa ta bushe ko ta jike.

Bayani: Ƙaƙwalwar hyperbola yana ba da saurin raƙuman ruwa na matsakaici kuma zurfin da aka kiyasta kai tsaye ya dogara da wannan gudun. Idan gudun ba daidai ba ne, zurfin ba daidai ba ne. Don haka, a kan maƙasudin zurfin da aka sani (misali bututu da aka sani) dole ne a daidaita saurin gudu; Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a bambanta tunani da yawa daga ainihin abu. Zurfafa ba tare da daidaitawa ba suna ɗaukar manyan kurakurai.

11. Ta yaya za a tabbatar da cewa babu wasu kayan aikin gani kafin haɗa wani abu mai banƙyama a cikin rahoto?

• A) Zaɓi ma'auni guda ɗaya wanda ya fi dacewa kuma sanya shi a cikin rahoton
• B) Dole ne kawai a zana anomaly sau ɗaya a cikin sikelin launi na asali
• C) Idan hoton yana da ban sha'awa, babu buƙatar tabbatarwa
• D) Zana al'ada tare da ma'auni da ma'auni mai ma'ana fiye da ɗaya kuma duba idan ya kasance mai daidaituwa ✔

Bayani: Ma'auni na launi da iyakoki na ma'auni na iya sa rashin jin daɗi ya zama abin mamaki ko suma; Waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen haƙiƙanin yanke shawara ne na fassara. Abun da ba a sani ba yana da aminci idan ya bayyana daidai a cikin yawancin hotuna lokacin da aka tsara shi da ma'aunin launi da ma'auni fiye da ɗaya. Tsarin da ke bayyana a ma'auni ɗaya kawai yawanci kayan aikin gani ne maimakon gaskiya.

12. A cikin kula da inganci, AI ta buga wasu ma'auni na geophysical a matsayin 'outliers'. Menene hanya mafi kyau?

• A) Share duk wasu ƙima ta atomatik don adana lokaci
• B) Kafin sharewa, mayar da kowace ƙima zuwa tushenta kuma auna ko kuskuren auna ne ko sigina na gaske. ✔
• C) Cire shi ba tare da tambaya ba saboda ilimin wucin gadi ya ce ya saba
• D) Hana abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a matsayin abin dogaro fiye da ainihin bayanai

Bayani: Goge manyan tallace-tallace shine mafi yawan hanyar da za a lalata sigina na gaske a geophysics; wani lokacin maɗaukakiyar ita ce sigina mafi mahimmanci (abin da ba daidai ba na gida na gaskiya). Don haka, kafin sharewa, kowace ƙima da aka sa hannu ya kamata a kimanta ta hanyar komawa zuwa tushen sa ko kuskuren auna ne ko sa hannun zahiri na gaske.

13. Menene mafi mahimmancin gwaji da za a yi kafin amfani da taswirar 'masanin bege' (prospectivity) ta hanyar basirar wucin gadi da aka samar a cikin binciken albarkatun?

• A) Koma makin tare da sanannun binciken da busassun rijiyoyi a yankin ✔
• B) Shirya rijiya kai tsaye zuwa mafi girman maki
• C) Karɓar maki a matsayin garanti maimakon yuwuwa
• D) Gwajin baya ba dole ba ne; samfurin koyaushe yana aiki a cikin sabon filin

Bayani: Sakamakon bege ba garanti ba ne, amma shawara ce ta yuwuwar, kuma tarihin koyi da abin ƙila ba zai yi tasiri ga sabon filin ba. Don haka, taswirar tana goyan bayan binciken da aka sani da busassun rijiyoyi a yankin. Kyakkyawan samfurin yana da ƙima akan nasarorin da aka sani kuma yana da ƙarancin gazawar da aka sani; In ba haka ba, ƙimar sa akan sabbin maƙasudi shima ba abin dogaro bane.

14. Mai rarraba AI ya ba da rahoton daidaito 94%; amma samfuran makwabta daga rijiyar guda suna cikin duka tsarin horo da gwaji. Menene wannan yanayin ke nunawa?

• A) Samfurin yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma ana iya amfani dashi kai tsaye
• B) Mafi girman daidaito, mafi aminci
• C) Yayyo bayanan yana haifar da daidaito da aka ruwaito; Rabuwa yakamata a yi rijiya/fili ✔
• D) Daidaitawa cikakke ne kuma ƙimar amincewa daidai ne.

Bayani: Gabatar da samfura daga rijiyar/filin guda cikin horo da gwaji shine yoyon bayanai kuma ta hanyar wucin gadi yana haɓaka daidaiton da aka ruwaito. Don ganin gaba ɗaya na gaskiya, dole ne a yi rabuwa bisa rijiya/fili; Lokacin da aka rabu, daidaito sau da yawa yana raguwa sosai. Bayyana daidaitattun daidaito yana nuna zubewa, ba ainihin ikon ƙirar ba.

15. Wace hanya ce mafi inganci don kare aikin geophysics mai ƙarfi na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshen AI daga kuskure guda da ke cikin rahoton?

• A) Ƙaddamar da dukan tsari zuwa kayan aikin AI guda ɗaya da kuma kallon ƙarshen
• B) Sanya ƙofar tabbatarwa ta mutum da yanayin wucewa a kowane mataki (tabbatar da aka yi la'akari) ✔
• C) Cire tsaka-tsaki cak don gudun kuma duba kawai matakin rahoton
• D) Kowane ƙwararre na iya amfani da nasa kayan aikin kyauta ba tare da adana ID da bayanai ba.

Bayani: A kowane mataki (tsari, sarrafawa, fassarar, jujjuyawar, haɗin kai, rahoto) an sanya ƙofar tabbatar da ɗan adam da yanayin canji bayyananne (ana kiyaye siginar, yana da alaƙa mai kyau, an auna rashin tabbas, an haɗa shi da tushen). Ba za ku iya wucewa ta wata kofa ba tare da kutsa ta wata ba; Wannan tsarin da aka shimfida yana hana kuskuren AI guda ɗaya daga zubewa cikin rahoton.

16. Menene madaidaicin manufar don masanin ilimin lissafi wanda yake so ya ɗora lasisi ko kasuwanci na sirrin seismic / rijiyar bayanai zuwa kayan aiki na waje na girgije AI?

• A) Loda bayanai kai tsaye zuwa ga mafi ci gaba na waje kayan aiki don gudun
• B) Tun da bayanan geophysical ne, dokokin sirri ba sa aiki
• C) Ana duba izinin raba, bayanan sirri da manufofin ajiya na kayan aiki; Idan yana da haɗari, ana amfani da keɓantaccen abin hawa ✔
• D) Tun da ba za a iya ɓoye bayanan ba, ba a la'akari da sirri kwata-kwata

Bayyanawa: Bayanan girgizar ƙasa, rajistan ayyukan rijiyar, da sakamakon bincike galibi ana rufe su da sirrin ciniki ko lasisi; Loda su zuwa kayan aikin waje/girgije na iya haifar da keta sirrin sirri, keta kwangila da gasa rauni. Hanyar da ta dace ita ce bincika izinin rabawa, abubuwan sirri na sirri da manufofin riƙe bayanan kayan aiki; Idan yana da haɗari, kar a loda bayanan kuma yi amfani da keɓaɓɓen kayan aikin da aka amince da cikin gida.