Riba:
- Samun damar bambancewa inda hankali na wucin gadi yana ƙara ƙima a cikin aikin aiki na geophysical (ƙananan amo, alamar ƙira, haɓaka ƙididdiga, rahoto) da kuma inda aka bar samfurin ƙarshe da yanke shawara ga ɗan adam, dangane da matakin haɗari.
- Ƙarfin yin amfani da horo wanda ke tabbatar da kowane fitowar hankali na wucin gadi ta hanyar haɗa shi zuwa tushe, tabbatar da shi tare da wata hanya mai zaman kanta, da kuma wuce ta ta hanyar tace ilimin lissafi-geology.
- Samun damar fahimtar cewa polysemy da ke cikin geophysics (wanda ya dace da ƙira da yawa zuwa bayanai iri ɗaya) na iya ɓoye ta hanyar hankali na wucin gadi kuma a nemi madadin yanayin yanayin da ke taƙaita rashin tabbas.
A matsayinka na injiniyan geophysical, sau da yawa kana zaune a teburinka don ƙoƙarin fahimtar wani abu da ba za ka iya gani kai tsaye ba: yadudduka, kuskure, gawawwakin ma'adinai, tebur na ruwa, ko tafki na hydrocarbon daruruwan mita a ƙasa. Duk abin da kuke da shi shine ma'auni na kaikaice - igiyoyin girgizar kasa da kuke yin rikodin a saman, ƙananan rikice-rikice a cikin filin gravitational, magnetic anomalies, ƙarfin lantarki. A cikin wannan rukunin, za mu fayyace inda basirar wucin gadi (AI) a zahiri ke adana lokaci da daidaito wajen yin ma'anar waɗannan bayanan kai tsaye, da kuma inda aka bar yanke shawara ga ƙwararren masanin geophysicist. Bari mu sanya shi daga farko: AI shine mataimakiyar fassarar da mai saurin lissafi; Ba ya maye gurbin gwani wanda ya yarda da samfurin karkashin kasa, yana ɗaukar haɗari kuma yana da magana ta ƙarshe.
A ina ne basirar wucin gadi ke zuwa da amfani a cikin geophysics?
Bari mu fara bayyana kalmar. Geophysics kimiyya ce ta auna filaye na zahiri na duniya (seismic, gravity, Magnetic, Electric, electromagnetic, radiometric) daga saman ko daga rijiya da fitar da tsarin karkashin kasa. Hankali na wucin gadi galibi yana bayyana a nan cikin nau'i biyu: (1) koyon injin - algorithms waɗanda ke koyon tsari daga bayanai (koyan injin - algorithms waɗanda ke fitar da dokoki daga misalan da aka lakafta) da (2) manyan nau'ikan harshe waɗanda ke samar da rubutu, lamba da rahotanni (LLM a takaice - ƙirar da ke samar da tambayoyi da amsoshi da zayyana a cikin yaren halitta).
Yankunan da AI ke da ƙarfi a fannin ilimin lissafi sun haɗa da:
- Damuwar amo da haɓaka sigina: Rarraba bazuwar amo da daidaituwar amo a cikin bayanan girgizar ƙasa.
- Alamar ƙira ta atomatik: da sauri ba da shawarar kuskure, sararin sama (iyaka mai nuni a kwance), lokacin girgizar ƙasa ko ƴan takara masu banƙyama.
- Rabewa da tari: Haɓaka faciyoyin girgizar ƙasa (yankuna masu irin wannan yanayin raƙuman ruwa) ko rajistan ayyukan rijiyoyin.
- Haɓaka ƙididdigewa: Magance matakan ƙirar gaba mai nauyi da jujjuyawa matakan kusan da sauri tare da samfurin maye.
- Rahoton da daftarin lamba: Samar da kwararar sarrafawa, rubutun Python da daftarin rahoton sharhi.
Akwai wurare da yawa inda AI ke da rauni ko haɗari: yana iya samar da samfurori marasa daidaituwa na jiki, zai iya kuskuren tsarin amo a cikin bayanan don "tsarin", yana iya ba da babban tabbaci amma sakamakon da ba daidai ba a cikin filayen da ba su yi kama da yankin da aka horar da shi ba. Don haka, ana ɗaukar kowane fitarwa azaman hasashe.
Tukwici: Kada a taɓa karanta fitowar AI azaman "sakamako" amma "sauri na farko." A cikin geophysics, ƙirar ƙasa da yawa sun dace da bayanai iri ɗaya (wannan ake kira rashin tabbas); Ko da AI yana da ƙarfin gwiwa ya gabatar muku da samfuri, ɗaya ne kawai daga cikin samfuran yuwuwar.
Rashin tabbas: gaskiya a zuciyar geophysics
Mafi mahimmancin gaskiyar geophysics shine rashin daidaituwa - wanzuwar ƙirar ƙasa fiye da ɗaya wanda zai iya bayyana ma'aunin saman. Ana iya haifar da anomaly na nauyi ta hanyar ko dai mara zurfi da ƙasa mai yawa ko kuma mai zurfi da yawa. AI baya kawar da wannan gaskiyar; Akasin haka, yana iya ɓoye rashin tabbas ta hanyar ba da amsa ɗaya tak. Kyakkyawan geophysicist yana amfani da AI don ƙunsar rashin tabbas (geology, bayanai mai kyau, hada hanyoyin daban-daban), ba don ɓoye shi ba.
AI a cikin aikin aikin geophysical na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe
Aikin bincike na yau da kullun yana biye da wannan sarkar: tsara rukunin yanar gizo → tattara bayanai → aiwatarwa / hana surutu → hoto → fassarar → juyewa / samfuri → haɗari da yanke shawara → rahoto. AI yana taimakawa tare da mafi yawan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa a cikin wannan sarkar, amma a ƙarshen kowace hanyar haɗin yanar gizo akwai ƙofar tabbatar da ɗan adam. Tsare-tsare na tattara bayanai da tsaron wurin gaba ɗaya alhakin ɗan adam ne; Ingancin jiki na jujjuyawar da samfurin ƙasa na ƙarshe yana buƙatar tabbatar da ƙwararru.
Tabbatar da horo: tace mai Layer uku
Ɗauki kowane fitowar AI ta matakai uku:
- Hanyar haɗi zuwa tushe: Wane ma'auni, wane alama - jerin lokaci da mai karɓa ɗaya ya rubuta, menene rijiyar fitarwa ta dogara? Ba a karɓar da'awar da ba za a iya ganowa ba.
- Tabbatar da kansa: Nemo laifin da kuke gani a cikin seismic a cikin nauyi/ maganadisu ko rijiya data. Tsarin da aka yiwa alama ta hanya ɗaya shine ɗan takara har sai an tabbatar da giciye.
- Physics and geology filter: Shin sakamakon zai yiwu a zahiri (yawanci, saurin gudu)? Shin ya ci karo da ilimin kasa na yankin?
Tsanaki: Lamba kamar "yiwuwar kuskure 92%" wanda tushen AI mai rarrabawa ba shine ainihin yuwuwar ba idan ba a daidaita ta ba. Amincewar samfurin da ainihin daidaito sau da yawa ba su zo daidai ba; Kar a kafa shawarar ku akan makin amincewa ba tare da daidaita shi da bayanai masu zaman kansu ba.
uku mini lokuta
Case 1 - Samun saurin gudu idan an sarrafa shi daidai. Tawagar masu bincike sun yi binciken kuskuren farko tare da AI a cikin ƙarar girgizar ƙasa mai girman kilomita 1,200 3D. Alamar farko, wacce ta ɗauki makonni 3 da hannu, ta bayyana a cikin kwanaki 2. Ƙungiyar ta duba ɓangarori 340 da aka yiwa alama da YZ tare da rijiyoyin burtsatse da bayanan nauyi; Ya kawar da 71 daga cikinsu, ya lura cewa AI ta rasa kuskuren 12 na gaske, kuma ya ƙara su da hannu. Sakamako: duka cikin sauri kuma abin dogaro, saboda yana da ƙofar tabbatarwa.
Case 2 - Kuskuren amo don tsari. Ƙungiya ɗaya ta yi kuskuren gano abin da AI ke kira "launi mai zurfi mai zurfi" don iyakar tafki. Babban mai bita ya lura cewa wannan alamar ta bayyana ne kawai bayan wani takamaiman matakin sarrafawa kuma ba a cikin ɗanyen bayanai ba: alamar ta kasance kayan aiki ne - hoton da algorithm ya samar wanda ba shi da daidai a ƙasa. Idan ba su koma ga danyen bayanai ba, za su ba da shawarar rijiya don tafki da babu shi.
Case 3 - Kuskure a gaba ɗaya a wajen yankin. An yi amfani da na'urar rarraba faci da aka horar da bayanan Tekun Arewa a cikin kwandon Anadolu da gauraye da dutsen yashi da farar ƙasa tsari. Samfurin ya yanke shawara dangane da alaƙar saurin-yawa na yankin ilimi. Lokacin da ƙungiyar ta sake daidaitawa da rijiyoyin gida, daidaito ya ƙaru daga 58% zuwa 86%.
Samfura huɗu masu kwafi
1) Taswirar AI a cikin aikin aiki:
Matsayinku: babban mai ba da shawara kan fassarar geophysical. Aikina: [3D seismic + gravity, hydrocarbon exploration]. Lissafta matakan aiki na mataki-mataki (sayan → sarrafawa → hoto → fassarar → jujjuyawar → rahoto) kuma rubuta don KOWANE mataki sashin da AI zai iya taimakawa da shi cikin aminci, ɓangaren da ke buƙatar amincewar ɗan adam, da duban tabbaci.
2) Tambayar tabbatar da fitarwa:
Yi la'akari da fassarar AI mai zuwa: waɗanne da'awar sun haɗa da ma'auni kuma waɗanda ba su da tallafi? Shin akwai wasu zato marasa daidaituwa a zahiri? Wace bayanai masu zaman kansu ko hanya za ku ba da shawarar don tabbatar da wannan ƙarshe? Ina rashin tabbas ya fi girma?[COMMENT TEXT]
3) Tunasarwar rashin tabbas:
Kar a samar da samfurin ƙasa guda ɗaya don wannan anomaly na nauyi. Ƙirƙira A KALLA yanayi nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan guda uku (haɗin zurfafan yawa) waɗanda zasu iya yin bayani iri ɗaya kuma su gaya mana ƙarin ma'auni da ake buƙata don bambance kowannensu.
4) Tabbataccen lokaci da ƙuntatawa:
Matsayinku: malamin ilimin lissafi. Bayyana mani manufar [ƙaura / juyin juya hali / juye-juye] a gare ni, da farko tare da ma'anar jumla ɗaya mai sauƙi, sannan abin da yake aikatawa, sannan kurakurai na yau da kullun. Yi alama a inda ba ku da tabbacin cewa "yana buƙatar tabbatarwa", kar a ba da bayanan karya.
Rauni mai ƙarfi / Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
Rawanin faɗakarwa:
Yi sharhi kan ko akwai laifi a cikin wannan sashin girgizar ƙasa.
Babu mahallin mahallin, tushen bayanai ba a bayyana ba; AI yana samar da amsa mai ƙarfi amma mara ƙarfi.
Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi:
Matsayinku: Masanin fassarar girgizar ƙasa. Magana: [nau'in kwandon ruwa, zurfin manufa 2-3 km, lokacin lokacin hijira]. Zan ba da ƙimar sifa (ci gaba, daidaituwa, gangara) waɗanda na ayyana a cikin fasaha. Aiki: yi alama a wuraren da za a iya kuskure, rubuta wa KOWANNE alamar abin da ya dogara da shi, da kuma ba da shawarar yadda za a bambanta ainihin tsari daga sarrafa kayan tarihi. Amfani da madaidaicin harshe; Yi magana a cikin yaren "dan takara" da "matakin amana".
Mahimman bayanai, buƙatun da ake buƙata, da harshe da aka auna suna sa fitarwa ta kasance mai amfani kuma ana iya tantancewa.
Matsayin AI: lafiya ko a'a?
matakan aiki
AI lafiya?
AI aiki
aikin mutum
Filin da shirin tattarawa
wani bangare
Daftarin lissafin
Tsaro, izini, yanke shawara
Damuwar surutu
Ee
Tace shawarwarin, aiki da kai
Tabbatar da siga
Alamar kuskure/horizon
Ee
Samar da 'yan takara
tabbatarwa, kawarwa
inverse bayani
wani bangare
Hanzarta, samfurin farko
ingancin jiki
Na ƙarshe samfurin karkashin kasa
a'a
daftarin aiki, rubutun
Amincewa, alhakin
To/binciken yanke shawara
a'a
Takaitaccen hadarin
yanke shawara, hisabi
Kuskuren gama gari
- Dogaro da samfurin guda ɗaya. Yawancin samfura sun dace da bayanai iri ɗaya; Kada ku ɗauka cewa kawai amsar AI ita ce tabbas.
- Yin kuskuren wucin gadi na aiki azaman tsari. Bincika idan akwai alama a cikin ɗanyen bayanan.
- Gabaɗaya makafi a wajen yankin. Ba za a iya amfani da samfurin da aka horar a wani kwano ba tare da an daidaita shi a cikin gida ba.
- Kuskure makin amincewa azaman yuwuwa. Maki mara ƙima ba shine tushen yanke shawara ba.
- Ketare kofar tabbatarwa. Cire ikon ɗan adam don gudun gudu yana buɗe ƙofar ga kuskure mafi tsada.
a takaice
AI a cikin geophysics; Yana ƙara ƙima na gaske a cikin murƙushe amo, alamar ƙira, rarrabuwa, haɓakar lissafi da bayar da rahoto. Amma saboda polysemy (daidaita samfura masu yawa zuwa bayanai iri ɗaya) a cikin zuciyar geophysics, kowane fitowar AI hasashe ne. Yin amfani da AI ba tare da horo na tabbatarwa ba - haɗin kai zuwa tushe, tabbatarwa mai zaman kanta, tace ilimin lissafi-geology - yana haifar da yanke shawara mai sauri amma ba za a iya dagewa ba. Ikon ƙarshe don amincewa da ƙirar ƙasa kuma ɗauka haɗarin koyaushe shine ƙwararren masanin geophysicist.
Aikin aikace-aikace
Zaɓi aikin geophysical da kuka yi aiki a kan kanku (ko na tunanin). Da farko, cire matakai da ƙofofin tabbatarwa tare da samfurin "Taswirar rawar AI a cikin aikin aiki". Sannan ɗauki jumlar sharhi daga waccan aikin kuma ku soki ta tare da samfurin "Query validation question": wanne tabbaci ya dogara da ma'auni, wanne ba ya yi? Rubuta yadda zaku tabbatar da aƙalla da'awa ɗaya tare da bayanan mai zaman kansa (da kyau, hanya daban-daban, ilimin ƙasa).
jerin abubuwan dubawa
- [ ] Na ɗauki fitowar AI a matsayin "hasashen" ba "sakamako" ba.
- [ ] Na haɗa kowace da'awar zuwa ma'auni/source.
- [ ] Na yi shirin ketare-tabbata tare da aƙalla hanya mai zaman kanta ɗaya.
- [ ] Na yi la'akari da polysemy da tambaya game da madadin model.
- [ ] Na bar samfurin ƙarshe da shawarar bincike don amincewar ɗan adam.